I want to encrypt and decrypt data between client and server so using cryptojs. but cryptojs does work properly
it returns different values every time it runs when using AES but somehow decrypt properly.
encrypted value does not match with php value.
php
$simple_string = "this is my test";
$ciphering = "AES-256-CBC";
$options = 0;
$encryption_iv = '0123456789012345';
$encryption_key = "password";
$encryption = openssl_encrypt($simple_string, $ciphering, $encryption_key, $options, $encryption_iv);
echo "Encrypted String: " . $encryption . " <br>"; // XkuEMQ6oPwCf4JFb7TlPgw==
$decryption=openssl_decrypt ($encryption, $ciphering, $encryption_key, $options, $encryption_iv);
echo "Decrypted String: " . $decryption; // this is my test
js
function encrypt(msg, pass, iv) {
var encrypted = CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(msg, pass, { iv: iv, keySize: 256, mode: CryptoJS.mode.CBC, });
var decrypted = CryptoJS.AES.decrypt(encrypted, pass, { iv: iv, keySize: 256, mode: CryptoJS.mode.CBC, });
console.log(encrypted.toString()); // U2FsdGVkX19vi6PRshrz1aB0FSy0q4FNWvl3kkphsHs=
console.log(decrypted.toString(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8)); // this is my test
}
console.log(encrypt("this is my test", "password", "0123456789012345"));
i want javascript function(encrypt and decrypt) for sending and receiving server data using cryptojs.
To make the CryptoJS code compatible with the PHP code, in the CryptoJS code the too short key material must be extended with 0x00 values to the specified key length (note that if the key material were too long, it would simply have to be truncated to the specified key length).
Since aes-256-cbc is used in the example, it must be extended to 32 bytes and imported into a WordArray using the Latin1 encoder.
The IV is to be imported into a WordArray in an analogous way:
console.log(encrypt("this is my test", CryptoJS.enc.Latin1.parse("password".padEnd(32, '\0')), CryptoJS.enc.Latin1.parse("0123456789012345")));
what gives as output:
XkuEMQ6oPwCf4JFb7TlPgw==
this is my test
in accordance with the PHP code.
Related
I have encrypted some value using aes-256-cbc mode on PHP like this:
public function encrypt(string $data): string
{
$iv = $this->getIv();
$encryptedRaw = openssl_encrypt(
$data,
$this->cryptMethod, //aes-256-cbc
$this->key,
OPENSSL_RAW_DATA,
$iv
);
$hash = hash_hmac('sha256', $encryptedRaw, $this->key, true);
return base64_encode( $iv . $hash . $encryptedRaw );
}
Then I tried to decrypt it on PHP and it works fine:
public function decrypt(string $data): string
{
$decoded = base64_decode($data);
$ivLength = openssl_cipher_iv_length($this->cryptMethod);
$iv = substr($decoded, 0, $ivLength);
$hmac = substr($decoded, $ivLength, $shaLength = 32);
$decryptedRaw = substr($decoded, $ivLength + $shaLength);
$originalData = openssl_decrypt(
$decryptedRaw,
$this->cryptMethod,
$this->key,
OPENSSL_RAW_DATA,
$iv
);
So I'm new to JavaScript and I don't know how to realize the same decrypt method as on php.
Example of encrypted string and it's key:
encrypted string lUIMFpajICh/e44Mwkr0q9xdyJh5Q8zEJHi8etax5BRl78Vsyh+wDknmBga1L8p8SDZA6WKz1CvAAREFGreRAQ== secret key - 9SJ6O6IwmItSRICbXgdJ
Example what I found returns empty string:
const decodedString = base64.decode(
`lUIMFpajICh/e44Mwkr0q9xdyJh5Q8zEJHi8etax5BRl78Vsyh+wDknmBga1L8p8SDZA6WKz1CvAAREFGreRAQ==`
);
const CryptoJS = require("crypto-js");
var key = CryptoJS.enc.Latin1.parse("9SJ6O6IwmItSRICbXgdJ");
var iv = CryptoJS.enc.Latin1.parse(decodedString.slice(0, 16));
var ctx = CryptoJS.enc.Base64.parse(
"lUIMFpajICh/e44Mwkr0q9xdyJh5Q8zEJHi8etax5BRl78Vsyh+wDknmBga1L8p8SDZA6WKz1CvAAREFGreRAQ=="
);
var enc = CryptoJS.lib.CipherParams.create({ ciphertext: ctx });
console.log(
CryptoJS.AES.decrypt(enc, key, { iv: iv }).toString(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8)
);
}
What I did wrong?
The key used in the PHP code is only 20 bytes in size and thus too small for AES-256 (AES-256 requires a 32 bytes key). PHP/OpenSSL implicitly pads the key with 0x00 values to the required key length. In the CryptoJS code, this must be done explicitly.
Furthermore, in the CryptoJS code, IV (the first 16 bytes), HMAC (the following 32 bytes) and ciphertext (the rest) are not separated correctly.
Also, the authentication is missing. To do this, the HMAC for the ciphertext must be determined using the key and compared with the HMAC sent. Decryption only takes place if authentication is successful.
If all of this is taken into account, the posted code can be fixed e.g. as follows:
var key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse("9SJ6O6IwmItSRICbXgdJ".padEnd(32, "\0")); // pad key
var ivMacCiphertext = CryptoJS.enc.Base64.parse("lUIMFpajICh/e44Mwkr0q9xdyJh5Q8zEJHi8etax5BRl78Vsyh+wDknmBga1L8p8SDZA6WKz1CvAAREFGreRAQ==")
var iv = CryptoJS.lib.WordArray.create(ivMacCiphertext.words.slice(0, 4)); // get IV
var hmac = CryptoJS.lib.WordArray.create(ivMacCiphertext.words.slice(4, 4 + 8)); // get HMAC
var ct = CryptoJS.lib.WordArray.create(ivMacCiphertext.words.slice(4 + 8)); // get Ciphertext
var hmacCalc = CryptoJS.HmacSHA256(ct, key);
if (hmac.toString() === hmacCalc.toString()) { // authenticate
var dt = CryptoJS.AES.decrypt({ciphertext: ct}, key, { iv: iv }).toString(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8); // decrypt
console.log(dt);
} else {
console.log("Decryption failed");
}
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/crypto-js/4.1.1/crypto-js.min.js"></script>
A few thoughts for you:
Check that your encoding/decoding is working properly. For each stage
of the process, endode/decode, then console log the output and
compare input to output, and also between PHP and javascript.
CBC mode uses padding to fill out the blocks. Check that both stacks
are using the same padding type.
Rather than using CBC and a separate HMAC, how about jumping to AEAD (like AES
GCM) which avoids the padding issue, and also incorporates the MAC
into the encryption, so is a more simple interface?
I have a simple_crypt function in my backend which is working properly, now what I want is to make a similar function for javascript which for exactly the same as the php one.
So I have researched and got the CryptoJS library, my 'Key' and 'iv' values are correct as compared to the PHP one but when I encrypt my string the output is totally different.
This is my working PHP code and I want to convert this into javascript.
<?php
function simple_crypt( $string ) {
$secret_key = '1234567890';
$secret_iv = '0987654321';
$output = false;
$encrypt_method = "AES-256-CBC";
$key = hash( 'sha256', $secret_key );
$iv = substr( hash( 'sha256', $secret_iv ), 0, 16 );
echo "Key : ".$key."<br>";
echo "iv : ".$iv."<br>";
$output = openssl_encrypt( $string, $encrypt_method, $key, 0, $iv );
return $output;
}
$e = simple_crypt("text");
echo $e;
echo "<br>";
?>
This is my JS code in which I am getting the issue, please have a look and tell me where I am wrong in this js code.
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/crypto-js/4.0.0/crypto-js.min.js" integrity="sha512-nOQuvD9nKirvxDdvQ9OMqe2dgapbPB7vYAMrzJihw5m+aNcf0dX53m6YxM4LgA9u8e9eg9QX+/+mPu8kCNpV2A==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
function simple_crypt(string) {
var secret_key, secret_iv, output, key, iv;
secret_key = '1234567890';
secret_iv = '0987654321';
output = false;
key = CryptoJS.SHA256(secret_key).toString();
iv = CryptoJS.SHA256(secret_iv).toString().substr(0, 16);
console.log("key",key);
console.log("iv",iv);
var encrypted = CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(string, key, {iv: iv});
return (encrypted.toString());
}
console.log(simple_crypt("text"));
</script>
Here is the output:
PHP: T4F65n4AVlmkkb5LLFhRIQ==
JS: U2FsdGVkX18HJGpPYZPm6crBcxA7TfbZZ9Sc/4qHGBk=
So that both codes produces the same result, the key and IV in the NodeJS Code must be the same as in the PHP code and passed as WordArrays. For this, the key and IV you have generated must be further processed as follows:
key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(key.substr(0, 32));
iv = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(iv);
In the PHP code, the SHA256 hash is returned as hex string. With hex encoding the number of bytes doubles, i.e. a SHA256 hash is hex encoded 64 bytes. PHP implicitly considers only the first 32 bytes regarding the key for AES-256, i.e. ignores the last 32 bytes. In the CryptoJS code this must happen explicitly (for the IV this happens, but for the key this is missing).
By parsing with the UTF8 encoder, key and IV are converted into WordArrays. If the key is passed as a string (as in the code posted in the question), then CryptoJS interprets the value as a password and uses a key derivation function to derive key and IV (which is incompatible with the logic in the PHP code).
With the above changes, the CryptoJS code gives the same result as the PHP code:
function simple_crypt(string) {
var secret_key, secret_iv, output, key, iv;
secret_key = '1234567890';
secret_iv = '0987654321';
output = false;
key = CryptoJS.SHA256(secret_key).toString();
iv = CryptoJS.SHA256(secret_iv).toString().substr(0, 16);
key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(key.substr(0, 32));
iv = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(iv);
console.log("key",key.toString());
console.log("iv",iv.toString());
var encrypted = CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(string, key, {iv: iv});
return (encrypted.toString());
}
console.log(simple_crypt("text")); // T4F65n4AVlmkkb5LLFhRIQ==
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/crypto-js/4.0.0/crypto-js.min.js"></script>
Please note the following:
Using SHA256 to derive the key from a password is insecure. For this purpose, a reliable key derivation function such as PBKDF2 should be used.
For security reasons, a key/IV pair may only be applied once. Therefore, the IV is usually randomly generated for each encryption. The IV is not a secret and is commonly sent to the recipient along with the ciphertext (usually prepended). Alternatively, the IV can be derived together with the key using a KDF (in combination with a randomly generated salt).
I have the next code in PHP:
$plain = 'some string to encode';
$key = '01234567891234567890123456789012';
$cipherSuite = 'aes-128-cbc';
$iv = null; // I have to use null, I know it's not safe
$result = #openssl_encrypt($plain, $cipherSuite, $key, null, $iv); // Suppress warning of an empty IV
dd($result); // result is 9VK02Mt8IaS+Bng8SbqhCVXUc5TteHKqt3y/EbaJZ1w=
I'm trying to encode the same in online tool - https://www.devglan.com/online-tools/aes-encryption-decryption. Tool says that key must be 16 byte, so I use just half of key - 0123456789123456
It returns exact same result as PHP. Please note that IV is empty.
I need to do the same encryption (and than decription) in JS using Crypto-js
const CryptoJS = require('crypto-js');
var key = CryptoJS.lib.WordArray.create('01234567891234567890123456789012');
var iv = CryptoJS.lib.WordArray.create('');
//var iv = null;
// var iv = CryptoJS.enc.Hex.parse("");
// var iv = CryptoJS.enc.Base64.parse('');
let cfg = {
mode: CryptoJS.mode.CBC,
keySize: 128,
iv: iv
};
const body = 'some string to encode';
const encryptedBody = CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(body, key, cfg).toString();
console.log( encryptedBody );
// result is VYCEPSx9nmb0FJGf1RiU/daL5nIk/qaJZU82jrlGQws=
Similar example at https://jsfiddle.net/pj76d5ov/
Result in JS is different with PHP. Is there a way to use CryptoJS without IV ?
If I use the key as a string, CryptoJS generates IV based on my key, so I have to use WordArray type.
Then I tried to change iv to some values, but it doesn't help. Setting iv to false or null, or not sending iv at all gives an error.
In the PHP code AES-128 is specified. Therefore PHP implicitly truncates the 32 bytes key to the first 16 bytes. In the CryptoJS code only this 16 bytes key may be used.
Furthermore, key and IV are converted most easily with the CryptoJS encoders into a WordArray.
A possible CryptoJS implementation is:
var key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse('0123456789123456');
var iv = CryptoJS.enc.Hex.parse('00000000000000000000000000000000');
let cfg = {
mode: CryptoJS.mode.CBC,
keySize: 128,
iv: iv
};
const body = 'some string to encode';
const encryptedBody = CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(body, key, cfg).toString();
console.log( encryptedBody ); // result is 9VK02Mt8IaS+Bng8SbqhCVXUc5TteHKqt3y/EbaJZ1w=
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/crypto-js/4.0.0/crypto-js.min.js"></script>
A static IV is insecure, but you already know that.
I would like to implement a PhP encryption function in a ReactJS application. I need to send the token in the specific format which was created with the OpenSSL library function (openssl_encrypt).
The PHP function produces a few character shorter string in comparison to the JAVASCRIPT function. Of course, both get the same attributes and properties.
PHP:
protected static function encrypt($stringData) {
$encrypted = false;
$encrypt_method = 'AES-256-CBC';
$iv = substr(hash('sha256', static::$ivMessage), 0, 16);
$encrypted= openssl_encrypt($stringData, $encrypt_method, static::$apiSecret, 0, $iv);
return $encrypted;
}
JAVASCRIPT:
export const encrypt = (stringData) => {
const iv = CryptoJS.SHA256(IV_MESSAGE).toString(CryptoJS.enc.Hex).substring(0, 16);
const encrypted = CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(stringData, API_SECRET, {
iv,
mode: CryptoJS.mode.CBC,
pad: CryptoJS.pad.ZeroPadding,
});
return encrypted;
};
Sample constants:
const stringData = "{"uid":19,"price":10000000,"duration":240,"credit_purpose":5,"new_tab":false,"cssFile":"kalkulatorok","css":[],"supported":false,"email":"test#test.hu","productType":"home_loan","method":"calculator","calculatorType":"calculator","unique":true}";
const IV_MESSAGE = "a";
const API_SECRET = "secret_key";
(same for PHP function --> $stringData, $ivMessage; $apiSecret)
How can I achieve to "replicate" the PHP function in JAVASCRIPT? What did I miss so far?
The following changes in the CryptoJS code are necessary to generate the ciphertext of the PHP code:
The key must be passed as WordArray. If it is passed as a string, it is interpreted as a passphrase from which a 32 bytes key is derived.
PHP pads too short keys with 0x00 values up to the specified length. CryptoJS does not do this and (due to a bug) generally uses undefined round numbers for AES in case of invalid keys, so that no matching ciphertext is to be expected.
PKCS7 padding is used in the PHP code (see comment). This must also be applied in CryptoJS code, which however is the default (as well as the CBC mode).
The following PHP code:
function encrypt($stringData) {
$ivMessage = "a";
$apiSecret = "secret_key";
$encrypted = false;
$encrypt_method = 'AES-256-CBC';
$iv = substr(hash('sha256', $ivMessage), 0, 16);
$encrypted= openssl_encrypt($stringData, $encrypt_method, $apiSecret, 0, $iv);
return $encrypted;
}
$stringData = '{"uid":19,"price":10000000,"duration":240,"credit_purpose":5,"new_tab":false,"cssFile":"kalkulatorok","css":[],"supported":false,"email":"test#test.hu","productType":"home_loan","method":"calculator","calculatorType":"calculator","unique":true}';
print(encrypt($stringData) . "\n");
returns the result:
d/H+FfTaT/3tIkaXtIix937p6Df/vlnxagNJGJ7ljj48phT7oA7QssTatL3WNZY0Igt0r5ObGyCt0AR0IccVTFVZdR+nzNe+RmKQEoD4dj0mRkZ7qi/y3bAICRpFkP3Nz42fuILKApRtmZqGLTNO6dwlCbUVvjg59fgh0wCzy15g51G6CYLsEHa89Dt193g4qcXRWFgI9gyY1Gq7FX0G6Ers0fySQjjNcfDJg0Hj5aSxbPU6EPn14eaWqkliNYSMqzKhe0Ev7Y54x2YlUCNQeLZhwWRM2W0N+jGU7W+P/bCtF4Udwv4cweUESXkHLGtlQ0K6O5etVJDtb7ZtdEI/sA==
The CryptoJS code below generates the same ciphertext:
const IV_MESSAGE = "a";
const API_SECRET = "secret_key\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
function encrypt(stringData){
const iv = CryptoJS.SHA256(IV_MESSAGE).toString(CryptoJS.enc.Hex).substring(0, 16);
const encrypted = CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(
stringData,
CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(API_SECRET),
{
iv: CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(iv)
});
return encrypted;
};
const stringData = {"uid":19,"price":10000000,"duration":240,"credit_purpose":5,"new_tab":false,"cssFile":"kalkulatorok","css":[],"supported":false,"email":"test#test.hu","productType":"home_loan","method":"calculator","calculatorType":"calculator","unique":true};
const ciphertextB64 = encrypt(JSON.stringify(stringData)).toString();
console.log(ciphertextB64.replace(/(.{64})/g,'$1\n'));
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/crypto-js/4.0.0/crypto-js.min.js"></script>
The following should also be taken into account:
It is more reliable to avoid encoding the IV as hex string when generating the IV and to directly use the binary data. Otherwise, you also have to keep in mind that depending on the platform, different upper/lower case of the hex numbers can generally be applied. Here this is not critical, since in both cases lower case is used.
If you should really apply a passphrase like secret_key as key, you should also use a reasonable key derivation function (e.g. PBKDF2 in combination with a randomly generated salt) because of the low entropy. The default KDF used in CryptoJS, the proprietary OpenSSL function EVP_BytesToKey, should not be applied because it is not a standard and is also deemed relatively insecure.
For security reasons no static IV may be used. Instead, a randomly generated IV should be applied for each encryption. The IV is not secret and is usually concatenated with the ciphertext in the order IV, ciphertext (see comment).
I have the following PHP code that uses openssl_encrypt() function to encrypt a message. Here is the code:
$ciphering = "AES-128-CTR";
$options = 0;
$encryption_iv = '5192001995060634';
$encryption_key = "TasKagitMakas";
function encrypt ($string) {
global $ciphering, $options, $encryption_iv, $encryption_key;
$encryption = openssl_encrypt($string, $ciphering,
$encryption_key, $options, $encryption_iv);
$encryption = strtr(base64_encode($encryption), '+/=', '-_,');
return $encryption;
}
I was trying to reverse the process above and get the Javascript implementation using CryptoJS. Here's what I came up with:
var str = "bzB5UVNBclRHbWhlQUs4aHJoMHVxR1BJNEF1Sk9BRkpvbEpBRDFnVmg0MEx4RGtqWllvdUIrSW0vZGY3eG1KMVd2b2JxRFlOTnJ6N2FnPT0,";
str = str.split("-").join("+");
str = str.split("_").join("/");
str = str.split(",").join("=");
var encrypted = CryptoJS.enc.Base64.parse(str);
var encryptedStr = encrypted.toString(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8);
var key = "TasKagitMakas";
var iv = "5192001995060634";
var decrypted = CryptoJS.AES.decrypt(encryptedStr, key, {iv: iv, mode: CryptoJS.mode.CTR});
console.log(decrypted.toString(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8));
This code gives me a blank output, just nothing. What am I doing wrong here? How can I correct my implementation?
PHP code:
openssl_encrypt pads the key with zero values until the specified key length is reached, i.e. the key TasKagitMakas is expanded to TasKagitMakas\0\0\0.
$options = 0 means that the ciphertext is implicitly Base64 encoded. Since the ciphertext is explicitly Base64 encoded again afterwards, it is Base64 encoded twice in total. This is unnecessary and should be changed, for example, with $options = OPENSSL_RAW_DATA.
For a stream cipher mode like CTR openssl_encrypt automatically disables the default PKCS7 padding.
JavaScript code:
Since it was Base64 encoded twice in the PHP code, it is necessary to Base64 decode twice in the JavaScript code. This step is of course only necessary for the unchanged PHP code.
Key and IV must be parsed into a WordArray with the Utf8 Encoder. The extended key must be used.
CryptoJS.AES.decrypt expects the ciphertext as CipherParams object.
Unlike PHP, CryptoJS does not automatically disable the default PKCS7 padding for a stream cipher mode, i.e. it must be explicitly disabled.
The following JavaScript code decrypts the ciphertext:
var str = "bzB5UVNBclRHbWhlQUs4aHJoMHVxR1BJNEF1Sk9BRkpvbEpBRDFnVmg0MEx4RGtqWllvdUIrSW0vZGY3eG1KMVd2b2JxRFlOTnJ6N2FnPT0,";
str = str.split("-").join("+");
str = str.split("_").join("/");
str = str.split(",").join("=");
var encrypted = CryptoJS.enc.Base64.parse(str); // Base64 decode twice (as long as this happens in the PHP code)
var encrypted = encrypted.toString(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8);
var encrypted = CryptoJS.enc.Base64.parse(encrypted);
var key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse("TasKagitMakas\0\0\0"); // Expand the key and use the Utf8 encoder
var iv = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse("5192001995060634"); // Use the Utf8 encoder
var decrypted = CryptoJS.AES.decrypt(
{
ciphertext: encrypted // Pass teh ciphertext as CipherParams object
},
key,
{
iv: iv,
mode: CryptoJS.mode.CTR,
padding: CryptoJS.pad.NoPadding // Disable the PKCS7 padding
});
console.log(decrypted.toString(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8));
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/crypto-js/4.0.0/crypto-js.min.js"></script>
with the output:
399002 Örnek2 Öğrenci student#ug.bilkent.edu.tr Team1 6