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Click button with Javascript after page load / as soon as element loads

I've checked many other answers on StackOverflow but none of them work for some reason.
I'm trying to use something simple like
window.onload = function() {
sleep(5000)
clickButton()
}
But as far as I can tell the button on a page I want clicked loads AFTER page load. So window.onload doesn't work at all. That's why I tried to use a custom sleep function to force the code to run after-after page load but nope. Code "sleeps" by preventing page from fully loading, then runs clickButton(), then the page loads. Useless.
I know my actual button clicking code works in practice because I just fed into the browser console line by line and it worked fine. But the button I'm targeting loads after my code is executed!
I have also tried these which also do not work:
window.addEventListener('load', function () {
clickButton()
})
setTimeout(clickButton(), 5000)
setInterval(clickButton(), 5000)
...
Also I'm using:
document.querySelector("[data-a-target='button-name']");
instead of:
document.getElementById("button-name");
since this button does not have an id.
...
Also I have never used jquery before if that is the answer.
...
How on earth do I get js to click a button immediately as soon as it loads?

The order in which you write your code plays an important role here.
Firstly, put the script tag at the very bottom of the body element of your html page. That forces the browser to have already read through the entire html page before getting to the script tag with your Javascript.
Secondly, I assume you have an event listener for a click on the button. Write the event listener before you let the button be clicked.
For example, I wrote this little code to test my assumption out:
button.addEventListener('click', function () {
console.log('Clicked');
});
button.click();
This should hopefully work for you too. Good luck

Navigate using Javascript, but change the URL

I want to navigate inside the page with an animation using Javascript, but also change the URL so the user can click "back" to go back to the previous "page".
I have no idea how to approach this. Do I put the content I'm navigating to on a new html page, or on the same page?
What I've tried so far:
Some Other Page
This will completely reload to someOtherPage, and won't allow animations.
Some Other Page
<script>
function animateToOtherSection() {
//things like fade in/out or scroll
}
</script>
This works if the content I'm navigating to exists in this page, which is okay, but the URL won't be changed (except for the additional #).
If i try to change window.href in Javascript, the entire page reloads, which is not desired.
This question was inspired by some websites like this. When the See our projects button is clicked, although it as an anchor element, the page doesn't reload, but a fade out/in executes and the navigation bar above stays throughout. If I click the 'back' button in my browser, another animation takes me back to the splash screen.
Note: This is not an option:
Some Other Page
I don't want to just scroll to an element, but manipulate and show/hide a lot of elements on the screen.
Thanks in advance for the answers!

The DOM window object provides access to the browser's history through the history object. It exposes useful methods and properties that let you move back and forth through the user's history, as well as -- starting with HTML5 -- manipulate the contents of the history stack.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/History_API
Load data from the server and place the returned HTML into the matched element.
http://api.jquery.com/load/
You can make it easy here is example:
HTML:
<button id="changeUrl">See our projects</button>
JavaScript:
$('#changeUrl').click(function () {
history.pushState({}, 'Title', '/Url/Test');
$(document).load('/url html');
});
Also you can add animation for example :
$('#changeUrl').click(function () {
$('body').fadeOut();
history.pushState({}, 'Title', '/Url/Test');
$(document).load('/url html', function () {
$('body').fadeIn();
});
});

You may also add a JavaScript "fadeout" animation when "unloading" the current page, and a "fadein" animation executing at the begining of the next page load.
If you prefetch most of your content, the transition will be smooth.
To avoid a page load when you click on a link, attach an onclick event to your link, and finish your JavaScript callback by a e.preventDefault(); as explained in this question : How to stop default link click behavior with jQuery from Mozilla Dev Network : https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/event.preventDefault
Cancels the event if it is cancelable, without stopping further propagation of the event.
About link prefetching : https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Link_prefetching_FAQ
<link rel="prefetch" href="/images/big.jpeg">
Or even really loading <img with a style=display:none; to hide them…

Element is Statement Combined With If Statment Not Responding Properly on Hover

Really need some JQuery help here. I'm about to launch my laptop out the window. I have come a long way with this piece of code an I think I am almost there but I am stuck on the last hurdle.
I am only going to include the pertinent pieces of code here because it is a very large piece.
I have a navigation menu for a mock solar system. Here is the link to the larger external piece if you want to see the whole thing. http://jsbin.com/zagiko/1/edit (please note this uses mostly CSS3).
I have a nav menu for the piece and when you click on the values in the nav menu the current script assigns a class of active. That all works perfectly. I built in a button to test the active state on click and the state changes are working. But I need it to respond to the state change on hover. I am not a JQuery person; I am learning. It almost seems like the hover isn't working because it is responding to the data loaded when the page loads instead of responding in real time. But I am just guessing.
What I need is an if statement that will respond to the live data (not on page load or when the document is ready). The if statement should basically say if this div is active then this other div can appear on hover. But if this div is not active then it cannot appear.
The current if statement I wrote is
if($("a.active").is('.uranus')){
$('#uranus .infos').hover(
function () {
$("#descriptionsp").fadeIn("2000");
})
};
The current script that runs when the site loads that sets up the menus is:
$(window).load(function(){
var e=$("body"),
t=$("#universe"),
n=$("#solar-system"),
r=function() {
e.removeClass("view-2D opening").addClass("view-3D").delay(2e3).queue(function() {
$(this).removeClass("hide-UI").addClass("set-speed");
$(this).dequeue()})
},
i=function(e){
t.removeClass().addClass(e)
};
$("#toggle-data").click(function(t){
e.toggleClass("data-open data-close");
t.preventDefault()
});
$("#toggle-controls").click(function(t){
e.toggleClass("controls-open controls-close");
t.preventDefault()
});
$("#data a").click(function(e){
var t=$(this).attr("class");
n.removeClass().addClass(t);
$(this).parent().find("a").removeClass("active");
$(this).addClass("active");
e.preventDefault()
});
Really need you help. Thanks in advance!

Right now, your block of code is only being checked when the javascript is loaded. At this time, the .uranus element is probably not active, so nothing will happen.
First of all, you want to move this block inside of document ready, otherwise your elements such as .uranus might not even exist yet.
Your logic is very close, but you need to move the if statement inside of the hover function like this:
$('#uranus .infos').hover(
function () {
if($("a.active").is('.uranus')){
$("#descriptionsp").fadeIn("2000");
}
});
This way, every time you hover on #uranus .infos, it will only execute the code if the .uranus is also .active

Page reload doesn't reset jQuery / CSS styles

I'm designing an HTML page which has one button. The user clicks the button and a simple jQuery script animates that div away, revealing lower page content. You can see it here.
I've noticed that it looks/works fine the first time, but if I refresh the page with the browser button, it doesn't fully reset. The initial container is only half on the page. If I enter the URL again and load the page, it resets as expected.
NOTE: This only happens if you scroll down a bit after clicking the initial button... which seems weird.
I had no idea that there was any difference between these two operations, but there clearly is. What is the difference and how can I fix this problem from happening?
Here's my jQuery code, in case it's relevant:
$(document).ready(function(){
var faqs = $("#FAQ");
$("#learnmore").click(
function(){
$("#home").animate({top:'-=1066px'},600);
$("#more").animate({top:'-=1066px'}, 600, function() {$("#background").hide();} );
$("body").css('overflow-y', 'scroll');
//$("#home").slideUp();
console.log("jquery loaded");
}
);
});

It happens because it is cached by the browser.
If you styles are regularly modiefied, then as easy fix is to attach a unique id on the end of the reference, like
<link href="style.css?time=168768234928" ..../>
What it does, it makes the browser think it is a new request everytime it loads.

It happens because browser trying to scroll to the same position, what was before page reload. To check it, try press button and don't scroll to bottom of page and then reload page.
Okey, the reason is clear.
Now we need solution. Try this:
#more {display:none}
in your css. And then use
$("#more").show().animate(...
in your $("#learnmore").click() function. I hope this will solve the problem.

IE not triggering onclick

For some reason IE won't trigger an onclick event. I have a link in my webpage which should renew a captcha image, but no matter what I try, the onclick event won't trigger. I even tried this to test the onclick event:
<a href="#" id="rc" onclick='alert("test"); return false;'>change image</a>
But nothing happened. I also tried to add the onclick event using js in the window.onload event, same result. All other javascript scripts do work, so js is working. Does anyone has any idea why this doesn't work?
by the way, the event doesn't work in any version of IE, and it does work in any other browser.
Edit: If you want to see the full source, go to: http://www.rosegardenvoorburg.nl/Contact?stackoverflow
The page is in Dutch, but the sourcecode is (of course) HTML, so you must be able to understand that.
edit2: I've found a solution myself, and you're never gonna believe what's wrong:
When I'm logged in to the control panel, a div is added at the top of the page, similar to the one shown in ie7 (which tells you you're browser is too old). However, when I don't add a border to that div, the captcha refresh button doesn't work. This doesn't make any sense at all, but at least I've found a solution...

Try with the below:
<a href="javascript:void(0);" id="rc" onclick='alert("test"); return false;'>change image</a>
Also have a look at Which "href" value should I use for JavaScript links, "#" or "javascript:void(0)"?

You are doing it in the wrong order
FIRST add the onload, THEN change the source
var cImg;
function renewCaptcha(){
cImg = new Image();
cImg.onload=function(){document.getElementById("captcha").src = cImg.src;};
cImg.src='/Img/captcha/securimage_show.php?' + Math.random();
}

Few tips to ponder!
check if javascript:alert("test") on your ie address bar pops up the message.
Also check and make sure that javascript option is not turned off.
You may also want to reset your ie settings and see if it work.
Also try to see if same works on your fellow colleague's computer.