How can I horizontally center a <div> within another <div> using CSS?
<div id="outer">
<div id="inner">Foo foo</div>
</div>
With flexbox it is very easy to style the div horizontally and vertically centered.
#inner {
border: 0.05em solid black;
}
#outer {
border: 0.05em solid red;
width:100%;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
<div id="outer">
<div id="inner">Foo foo</div>
</div>
To align the div vertically centered, use the property align-items: center.
Other Solutions
You can apply this CSS to the inner <div>:
#inner {
width: 50%;
margin: 0 auto;
}
Of course, you don't have to set the width to 50%. Any width less than the containing <div> will work. The margin: 0 auto is what does the actual centering.
If you are targeting Internet Explorer 8 (and later), it might be better to have this instead:
#inner {
display: table;
margin: 0 auto;
}
It will make the inner element center horizontally and it works without setting a specific width.
Working example here:
#inner {
display: table;
margin: 0 auto;
border: 1px solid black;
}
#outer {
border: 1px solid red;
width:100%
}
<div id="outer">
<div id="inner">Foo foo</div>
</div>
If you don't want to set a fixed width on the inner div you could do something like this:
#outer {
width: 100%;
text-align: center;
}
#inner {
display: inline-block;
}
<div id="outer">
<div id="inner">Foo foo</div>
</div>
That makes the inner div into an inline element that can be centered with text-align.
The best approaches are with CSS3.
The old box model (deprecated)
display: box and its properties box-pack, box-align, box-orient, box-direction etc. have been replaced by flexbox. While they may still work, they are not recommended to be used in production.
#outer {
width: 100%;
/* Firefox */
display: -moz-box;
-moz-box-pack: center;
-moz-box-align: center;
/* Safari and Chrome */
display: -webkit-box;
-webkit-box-pack: center;
-webkit-box-align: center;
/* W3C */
display: box;
box-pack: center;
box-align: center;
}
#inner {
width: 50%;
}
<div id="outer">
<div id="inner">Foo foo</div>
</div>
According to your usability you may also use the box-orient, box-flex, box-direction properties.
The modern box model with Flexbox
#outer {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
Read more about centering the child elements
CSS Box Model Module Level 3
Box model (CSS2)
box-align on MDN
And this explains why the box model is the best approach:
Why is the W3C box model considered better?
#centered {
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
margin-left: -100px;
}
<div id="outer" style="width:200px">
<div id="centered">Foo foo</div>
</div>
Make sure the parent element is positioned, i.e., relative, fixed, absolute, or sticky.
If you don't know the width of your div, you can use transform:translateX(-50%); instead of the negative margin.
With CSS calc(), the code can get even simpler:
.centered {
width: 200px;
position: absolute;
left: calc(50% - 100px);
}
The principle is still the same; put the item in the middle and compensate for the width.
I've created this example to show how to vertically and horizontally align.
The code is basically this:
#outer {
position: relative;
}
and...
#inner {
margin: auto;
position: absolute;
left:0;
right: 0;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
}
And it will stay in the center even when you resize your screen.
Some posters have mentioned the CSS 3 way to center using display:box.
This syntax is outdated and shouldn't be used anymore. [See also this post].
So just for completeness here is the latest way to center in CSS 3 using the Flexible Box Layout Module.
So if you have simple markup like:
<div class="box">
<div class="item1">A</div>
<div class="item2">B</div>
<div class="item3">C</div>
</div>
...and you want to center your items within the box, here's what you need on the parent element (.box):
.box {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap; /* Optional. only if you want the items to wrap */
justify-content: center; /* For horizontal alignment */
align-items: center; /* For vertical alignment */
}
.box {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
/* Optional. only if you want the items to wrap */
justify-content: center;
/* For horizontal alignment */
align-items: center;
/* For vertical alignment */
}
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
html,
body {
height: 100%;
}
.box {
height: 200px;
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
border: 2px solid tomato;
}
.box div {
margin: 0 10px;
width: 100px;
}
.item1 {
height: 50px;
background: pink;
}
.item2 {
background: brown;
height: 100px;
}
.item3 {
height: 150px;
background: orange;
}
<div class="box">
<div class="item1">A</div>
<div class="item2">B</div>
<div class="item3">C</div>
</div>
If you need to support older browsers which use older syntax for flexbox here's a good place to look.
If you don't want to set a fixed width and don't want the extra margin, add display: inline-block to your element.
You can use:
#element {
display: table;
margin: 0 auto;
}
Centering a div of unknown height and width
Horizontally and vertically. It works with reasonably modern browsers (Firefox, Safari/WebKit, Chrome, Internet & Explorer & 10, Opera, etc.)
.content {
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
top: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}
<div class="content">This works with any content</div>
Tinker with it further on Codepen or on JSBin.
Set the width and set margin-left and margin-right to auto. That's for horizontal only, though. If you want both ways, you'd just do it both ways. Don't be afraid to experiment; it's not like you'll break anything.
It cannot be centered if you don't give it a width. Otherwise, it will take, by default, the whole horizontal space.
CSS 3's box-align property
#outer {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
display: box;
box-orient: horizontal;
box-pack: center;
box-align: center;
}
The way I usually do it is using absolute position:
#inner{
left: 0;
right: 0;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
position: absolute;
}
The outer div doesn't need any extra properties for this to work.
I recently had to center a "hidden" div (i.e., display:none;) that had a tabled form within it that needed to be centered on the page. I wrote the following jQuery code to display the hidden div and then update the CSS content to the automatic generated width of the table and change the margin to center it. (The display toggle is triggered by clicking on a link, but this code wasn't necessary to display.)
NOTE: I'm sharing this code, because Google brought me to this Stack Overflow solution and everything would have worked except that hidden elements don't have any width and can't be resized/centered until after they are displayed.
$(function(){
$('#inner').show().width($('#innerTable').width()).css('margin','0 auto');
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div id="inner" style="display:none;">
<form action="">
<table id="innerTable">
<tr><td>Name:</td><td><input type="text"></td></tr>
<tr><td>Email:</td><td><input type="text"></td></tr>
<tr><td>Email:</td><td><input type="submit"></td></tr>
</table>
</form>
</div>
For Firefox and Chrome:
<div style="width:100%;">
<div style="width: 50%; margin: 0px auto;">Text</div>
</div>
For Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Chrome:
<div style="width:100%; text-align:center;">
<div style="width: 50%; margin: 0px auto; text-align:left;">Text</div>
</div>
The text-align: property is optional for modern browsers, but it is necessary in Internet Explorer Quirks Mode for legacy browsers support.
Use:
#outerDiv {
width: 500px;
}
#innerDiv {
width: 200px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
<div id="outerDiv">
<div id="innerDiv">Inner Content</div>
</div>
Another solution for this without having to set a width for one of the elements is using the CSS 3 transform attribute.
#outer {
position: relative;
}
#inner {
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
}
The trick is that translateX(-50%) sets the #inner element 50 percent to the left of its own width. You can use the same trick for vertical alignment.
Here's a Fiddle showing horizontal and vertical alignment.
More information is on Mozilla Developer Network.
Chris Coyier who wrote an excellent post on 'Centering in the Unknown' on his blog. It's a roundup of multiple solutions. I posted one that isn't posted in this question. It has more browser support than the Flexbox solution, and you're not using display: table; which could break other things.
/* This parent can be any width and height */
.outer {
text-align: center;
}
/* The ghost, nudged to maintain perfect centering */
.outer:before {
content: '.';
display: inline-block;
height: 100%;
vertical-align: middle;
width: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
/* The element to be centered, can
also be of any width and height */
.inner {
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
width: 300px;
}
I recently found an approach:
#outer {
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
}
#inner {
position: relative;
left: -50%;
}
Both elements must be the same width to function correctly.
For example, see this link and the snippet below:
div#outer {
height: 120px;
background-color: red;
}
div#inner {
width: 50%;
height: 100%;
background-color: green;
margin: 0 auto;
text-align: center; /* For text alignment to center horizontally. */
line-height: 120px; /* For text alignment to center vertically. */
}
<div id="outer" style="width:100%;">
<div id="inner">Foo foo</div>
</div>
If you have a lot of children under a parent, so your CSS content must be like this example on fiddle.
The HTML content look likes this:
<div id="outer" style="width:100%;">
<div class="inner"> Foo Text </div>
<div class="inner"> Foo Text </div>
<div class="inner"> Foo Text </div>
<div class="inner"> </div>
<div class="inner"> </div>
<div class="inner"> </div>
<div class="inner"> </div>
<div class="inner"> </div>
<div class="inner"> Foo Text </div>
</div>
Then see this example on fiddle.
Centering only horizontally
In my experience, the best way to center a box horizontally is to apply the following properties:
The container:
should have text-align: center;
The content box:
should have display: inline-block;
Demo:
.container {
width: 100%;
height: 120px;
background: #CCC;
text-align: center;
}
.centered-content {
display: inline-block;
background: #FFF;
padding: 20px;
border: 1px solid #000;
}
<div class="container">
<div class="centered-content">
Center this!
</div>
</div>
See also this Fiddle!
Centering both horizontally & vertically
In my experience, the best way to center a box both vertically and horizontally is to use an additional container and apply the following properties:
The outer container:
should have display: table;
The inner container:
should have display: table-cell;
should have vertical-align: middle;
should have text-align: center;
The content box:
should have display: inline-block;
Demo:
.outer-container {
display: table;
width: 100%;
height: 120px;
background: #CCC;
}
.inner-container {
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: middle;
text-align: center;
}
.centered-content {
display: inline-block;
background: #FFF;
padding: 20px;
border: 1px solid #000;
}
<div class="outer-container">
<div class="inner-container">
<div class="centered-content">
Center this!
</div>
</div>
</div>
See also this Fiddle!
Flexbox
display: flex behaves like a block element and lays out its content according to the flexbox model. It works with justify-content: center.
Please note: Flexbox is compatible all browsers exept Internet Explorer. See display: flex not working on Internet Explorer for a complete and up to date list of browsers compatibility.
#inner {
display: inline-block;
}
#outer {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
<div id="outer">
<div id="inner">Foo foo</div>
</div>
Text-align: center
Applying text-align: center the inline contents are centered within the line box. However since the inner div has by default width: 100% you have to set a specific width or use one of the following:
display: block
display: inline
display: inline-block
#inner {
display: inline-block;
}
#outer {
text-align: center;
}
<div id="outer">
<div id="inner">Foo foo</div>
</div>
Margin: 0 auto
Using margin: 0 auto is another option and it is more suitable for older browsers compatibility. It works together with display: table.
#inner {
display: table;
margin: 0 auto;
}
<div id="outer">
<div id="inner">Foo foo</div>
</div>
Transform
transform: translate lets you modify the coordinate space of the CSS visual formatting model. Using it, elements can be translated, rotated, scaled, and skewed. To center horizontally it require position: absolute and left: 50%.
#inner {
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, 0%);
}
<div id="outer">
<div id="inner">Foo foo</div>
</div>
<center> (Deprecated)
The tag <center> is the HTML alternative to text-align: center. It works on older browsers and most of the new ones but it is not considered a good practice since this feature is obsolete and has been removed from the Web standards.
#inner {
display: inline-block;
}
<div id="outer">
<center>
<div id="inner">Foo foo</div>
</center>
</div>
This method also works just fine:
div.container {
display: flex;
justify-content: center; /* For horizontal alignment */
align-items: center; /* For vertical alignment */
}
For the inner <div>, the only condition is that its height and width must not be larger than the ones of its container.
The easiest way:
#outer {
width: 100%;
text-align: center;
}
#inner {
margin: auto;
width: 200px;
}
<div id="outer">
<div id="inner">Blabla</div>
</div>
Flex have more than 97% browser support coverage and might be the best way to solve these kind of problems within few lines:
#outer {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
If width of the content is unknown you can use the following method. Suppose we have these two elements:
.outer -- full width
.inner -- no width set (but a max-width could be specified)
Suppose the computed width of the elements are 1000 pixels and 300 pixels respectively. Proceed as follows:
Wrap .inner inside .center-helper
Make .center-helper an inline block; it becomes the same size as .inner making it 300 pixels wide.
Push .center-helper 50% right relative to its parent; this places its left at 500 pixels wrt. outer.
Push .inner 50% left relative to its parent; this places its left at -150 pixels wrt. center helper which means its left is at 500 - 150 = 350 pixels wrt. outer.
Set overflow on .outer to hidden to prevent horizontal scrollbar.
Demo:
body {
font: medium sans-serif;
}
.outer {
overflow: hidden;
background-color: papayawhip;
}
.center-helper {
display: inline-block;
position: relative;
left: 50%;
background-color: burlywood;
}
.inner {
display: inline-block;
position: relative;
left: -50%;
background-color: wheat;
}
<div class="outer">
<div class="center-helper">
<div class="inner">
<h1>A div with no defined width</h1>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.<br>
Duis condimentum sem non turpis consectetur blandit.<br>
Donec dictum risus id orci ornare tempor.<br>
Proin pharetra augue a lorem elementum molestie.<br>
Nunc nec justo sit amet nisi tempor viverra sit amet a ipsum.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
You can do something like this
#container {
display: table;
width: <width of your container>;
height: <height of your container>;
}
#inner {
width: <width of your center div>;
display: table-cell;
margin: 0 auto;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
}
This will also align the #inner vertically. If you don't want to, remove the display and vertical-align properties;
Here is what you want in the shortest way.
JSFIDDLE
#outer {
margin - top: 100 px;
height: 500 px; /* you can set whatever you want */
border: 1 px solid# ccc;
}
#inner {
border: 1 px solid# f00;
position: relative;
top: 50 % ;
transform: translateY(-50 % );
}
You can use display: flex for your outer div and to horizontally center you have to add justify-content: center
#outer{
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
or you can visit w3schools - CSS flex Property for more ideas.
Well, I managed to find a solution that maybe will fit all situations, but uses JavaScript:
Here's the structure:
<div class="container">
<div class="content">Your content goes here!</div>
<div class="content">Your content goes here!</div>
<div class="content">Your content goes here!</div>
</div>
And here's the JavaScript snippet:
$(document).ready(function() {
$('.container .content').each( function() {
container = $(this).closest('.container');
content = $(this);
containerHeight = container.height();
contentHeight = content.height();
margin = (containerHeight - contentHeight) / 2;
content.css('margin-top', margin);
})
});
If you want to use it in a responsive approach, you can add the following:
$(window).resize(function() {
$('.container .content').each( function() {
container = $(this).closest('.container');
content = $(this);
containerHeight = container.height();
contentHeight = content.height();
margin = (containerHeight - contentHeight) / 2;
content.css('margin-top', margin);
})
});
One option existed that I found:
Everybody says to use:
margin: auto 0;
But there is another option. Set this property for the parent div. It
works perfectly anytime:
text-align: center;
And see, child go center.
And finally CSS for you:
#outer{
text-align: center;
display: block; /* Or inline-block - base on your need */
}
#inner
{
position: relative;
margin: 0 auto; /* It is good to be */
}
Hoping for a little guidance. I'm making a "slide up" menu for a site i'm using and I have it working, except it's not responsive. Ideally, i'd like to have it so whatever I put in the content under "Book Now" would be hidden no matter the size, while keeping "Book Now" shown.
The way I have it set up now, I have to be very verbose about heights, and it doesn't seem to really want to work on mobile.
Hoping you kind folks could point me in the right direction of what CSS I actually need to make this work!
Here is the JSFiddle:
https://jsfiddle.net/yg13exft/
<style>
/* footer fixed Menu stuff */
.bottomNav{
overflow: hidden;
position: fixed;
bottom: -210px;
width: 100%;
transition: all .7s ease-in-out;
z-index: 9999;
}
.tipBar{
text-align: center;
transition: all .7s ease-in-out;
}
.tipBar a{
color: #6c0505;
background: orange;
display: inline-block;
padding: 5px 15px 5px 15px;
}
.menuBar{
background-color: #6c0505;
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: auto auto;
justify-content: center;
padding-top: 10px;
height: 100%;
}
.bottomNav p{
color: black;
}
.displayNone{
display: none;
}
.tipToggleAnim{
bottom: 46px;
}
.bottomMenuAnim{
bottom: 0;
}
.rightCol img{
max-height: 200px;
}
</style>
<div class="bottomNav" id="bottomNav">
<div class="tipBar" id="tipBar">
<a id="bookNowButton" class="animate__animated animate__backInUp">
Book Now!
</a>
</div>
<div id="dialog" class="menuBar" >
<div class="leftCol">
<p>
TEST TEXT HERE! :)
</p>
</div>
<div class="rightCol">
<img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1589883661923-6476cb0ae9f2?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=MnwxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1374&q=80" alt="cat">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
let toggledVar = false;
function popupMenu(){
let menuToggle = document.getElementById("bottomNav");
let divButton = document.getElementById("tipBar");
if (toggledVar == true){
toggledVar = !toggledVar;
menuToggle.classList.remove('bottomMenuAnim');
}
else {
toggledVar = !toggledVar;
menuToggle.classList.add('bottomMenuAnim');
}
}
let buttonTest = document.getElementById("bookNowButton");
buttonTest.addEventListener("click", popupMenu, false);
</script>
Thank you.
I would use clientHeight to get the height of the dialog section and then set that as the bottom attribute so it will always be hidden. That way no matter what the height of the content, it will always know how many pixels to set bottom to and hide the div, but keep the Book Now showing.
There is a window load event because we need the DOM to fully load before we retrieve dialog div height.
Then, we use animate to smooth the change of the bottom attribute. Animate takes two parameters, the keyframes and the options. In the options, fill makes the animation run and stay in its end state. You can adjust the duration to fit your liking.
// We wait for the page to fully load, then we can grab the height of the div
window.addEventListener('load', function() {
// Toggle boolean
let toggledVar = false;
// Set toggle to Book now button
let menuToggle = document.getElementById("bookNowButton");
// Get bottomNav section
let bottomNav = document.getElementById("bottomNav");
// Get the height of the div
let hiddenSection = document.getElementById("dialog").clientHeight;
// Set bottom css attribute
bottomNav.style.bottom = `-${hiddenSection}px`;
function popupMenu(){
if (toggledVar == false) {
// Set bottom css attribute to 0px to reveal it
bottomNav.animate([
// keyframes
{ bottom: `-${hiddenSection}px` },
{ bottom: '0px' }
], {
duration: 1000,
fill: 'forwards'
});
toggledVar = true;
} else {
// Set bottom css attribute to hide it
bottomNav.animate([
// keyframes
{ bottom: '0px' },
{ bottom: `-${hiddenSection}px` }
], {
duration: 1000,
fill: 'forwards'
});
toggledVar = false;
}
}
menuToggle.addEventListener('click', popupMenu);
});
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
html, body {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
width: 100%;
min-height: 100vh;
}
#bottomNav {
max-width: 100%;
position: fixed;
overflow: hidden;
left: 0px;
}
#bookNowButton {
display: block;
margin: 0 auto;
text-align: center;
padding: 1rem;
max-width: 200px;
background-color: yellow;
cursor: pointer;
}
#dialog {
background-color: #6c0505;
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
grid-gap: 1rem;
padding: 1rem;
}
.rightCol img {
max-width: 100%;
}
<div id="bottomNav">
<span id="bookNowButton">Book Now!</span>
<div id="dialog">
<div class="leftCol">
<p>
TEST TEXT HERE! :)
</p>
</div>
<div class="rightCol">
<img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1589883661923-6476cb0ae9f2?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=MnwxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1374&q=80" alt="cat">
</div>
</div>
</div>
I have a flexbox that contains 3 elements. 1 static, 1 hidden and 1 visible.
The hidden and visible elements are flexbox as well display: flex;.
What I want is to hide the visible element and show the hidden element. I have tried to use the slideDown and slideUp JQuery functions, but at the end my elements becomes display: block; and the display is messed up.
The structure:
The css:
.nodispitem {
display: none;
}
.genericNestedBloc__class {
height: auto;
width: auto;
display: inline-flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
align-self: stretch;
}
The Js function I have tried:
$(selector).css("display", "flex").hide().slideDown(speed, function () {
callback();
});
$(selector).slideUp(speed, function () {
callback();
});
or
$(selector).slideDown(speed, function () {
callback();
});
or
$(selector).slideUp(speed, function () {
$(selector).css("display", "flex");
callback();
});
But all of this doesn't work.
What I need to have at the end of the show event:
What I have after the show event:
I have found a way to show/hide elements properly but without the smooth effect and it's necessary!
To assume there are 3 actions to achieve:
Get a flexbox hidden using a class
Hide a flexbox properly using transition/animation
Show a flexbox properly using transition/animation
Not sure if it's what u want but i guess it's a start...
$("button").on("click", function(){
var $self = $(this);
var $elem = $(this).siblings("div");
$elem.toggleClass("slideUp");
if($elem.hasClass("slideUp"))
$self.text("Show");
else
$self.text("Hide");
});
.uc{
display: inline-block;
width: 100px;
border-bottom: 1px solid black;
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.generic{
height: 100px;
width: 100px;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
align-self: stretch;
background-color: red;
margin-bottom: 5px;
transition: all .5s linear;
}
.blue{background-color: blue;}
.slideUp{
height: 0;
transition: all .5s linear;
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div class="wrapper">
<div id="one" class="uc">UC</div>
<div class="box_wrapper">
<div id="hidden" class="snow generic slideUp"></div>
<button>Show</button>
</div>
<div class="box_wrapper">
<div id="three" class=" sun generic blue"></div>
<button>Hide</button>
</div>
</div>