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In the Below code link HTML5 canvas spin wheel game. I want to stop this canvas at a user-defined position as if the user wants to stop always at 200 texts or 100 texts like that.
Currently, it is stopping at random points I want to control where to stop as in if I want to stop circle at 100 or 200 or 0 whenever I want.
How can we achieve that??? Can anyone Help!!!!!
Attached Codepen link also.
Html file
<div>
<canvas class="spin-wheel" id="canvas" width="300" height="300"></canvas>
</div>
JS file
var color = ['#ca7','#7ac','#77c','#aac','#a7c','#ac7', "#caa"];
var label = ['10', '200','50','100','5','500',"0"];
var slices = color.length;
var sliceDeg = 360/slices;
var deg = 270;
var speed = 5;
var slowDownRand = 0;
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
var width = canvas.width; // size
var center = width/2; // center
var isStopped = false;
var lock = false;
function rand(min, max) {
return Math.random() * (max - min) + min;
}
function deg2rad(deg){ return deg * Math.PI/180; }
function drawSlice(deg, color){
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.fillStyle = color;
ctx.moveTo(center, center);
ctx.arc(center, center, width/2, deg2rad(deg), deg2rad(deg+sliceDeg));
console.log(center, center, width/2, deg2rad(deg), deg2rad(deg+sliceDeg))
ctx.lineTo(center, center);
ctx.fill();
}
function drawText(deg, text) {
ctx.save();
ctx.translate(center, center);
ctx.rotate(deg2rad(deg));
ctx.textAlign = "right";
ctx.fillStyle = "#fff";
ctx.font = 'bold 30px sans-serif';
ctx.fillText(text, 130, 10);
ctx.restore();
}
function drawImg() {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, width);
for(var i=0; i<slices; i++){
drawSlice(deg, color[i]);
drawText(deg+sliceDeg/2, label[i]);
deg += sliceDeg;
}
}
// ctx.rotate(360);
function anim() {
isStopped = true;
deg += speed;
deg %= 360;
// Increment speed
if(!isStopped && speed<3){
speed = speed+1 * 0.1;
}
// Decrement Speed
if(isStopped){
if(!lock){
lock = true;
slowDownRand = rand(0.994, 0.998);
}
speed = speed>0.2 ? speed*=slowDownRand : 0;
}
// Stopped!
if(lock && !speed){
var ai = Math.floor(((360 - deg - 90) % 360) / sliceDeg); // deg 2 Array Index
console.log(slices)
ai = (slices+ai)%slices; // Fix negative index
return alert("You got:\n"+ label[ai] ); // Get Array Item from end Degree
// ctx.arc(150,150,150,8.302780584487312,9.200378485512967);
// ctx.fill();
}
drawImg();
window.requestAnimationFrame(anim);
}
function start() {
anim()
}
drawImg();
Spin wheel codepen
Ease curves
If you where to plot the wheel position over time as it slows to a stop you would see a curve, a curve that looks like half a parabola.
You can get the very same curve if you plot the value of x squared in the range 0 to 1 as in the next snippet, the red line shows the plot of f(x) => x * x where 0 <= x <= 1
Unfortunately the plot is the wrong way round and needs to be mirrored in x and y. That is simple by changing the function to f(x) => 1 - (1 - x) ** 2 (Click the canvas to get the yellow line)
const size = 200;
const ctx = Object.assign(document.createElement("canvas"),{width: size, height: size / 2}).getContext("2d");
document.body.appendChild(ctx.canvas);
ctx.canvas.style.border = "2px solid black";
plot(getData());
plot(unitCurve(x => x * x), "#F00");
ctx.canvas.addEventListener("click",()=>plot(unitCurve(x => 1 - (1 - x) ** 2), "#FF0"), {once: true});
function getData(chart = []) {
var pos = 0, speed = 9, deceleration = 0.1;
while(speed > 0) {
chart.push(pos);
pos += speed;
speed -= deceleration;
}
return chart;
}
function unitCurve(f,chart = []) {
const step = 1 / 100;
var x = 0;
while(x <= 1) {
chart.push(f(x));
x += step
}
return chart;
}
function plot(chart, col = "#000") {
const xScale = size / chart.length, yScale = size / 2 / Math.max(...chart);
ctx.setTransform(xScale, 0, 0, yScale, 0, 0);
ctx.strokeStyle = col;
ctx.beginPath();
chart.forEach((y,x) => ctx.lineTo(x,y));
ctx.setTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);
ctx.stroke();
}
In animation this curve is an ease in.
We can create function that uses the ease function, takes the time and returns the position of the wheel. We can provide some additional values that controls how long the wheel will take to stop, the starting position and the all important stop position.
function wheelPos(currentTime, startTime, endTime, startPos, endPos) {
// first scale the current time to a value from 0 to 1
const x = (currentTime - startTime) / (endTime - startTime);
// rather than the square, we will use the square root (this flips the curve)
const xx = x ** (1 / 2);
// convert the value to a wheel position
return xx * (endPos - startPos) + startPos;
}
Demo
The demo puts it in action. Rather than using the square root the function in the demo defines the root as the constant slowDownRate = 2.6. The smaller this value the greater start speed and the slower the end speed. A value of 1 means it will move at a constant speed and then stop. The value must be > 0 and < 1
requestAnimationFrame(mainLoop);
Math.TAU = Math.PI * 2;
const size = 160;
const ctx = Object.assign(document.createElement("canvas"),{width: size, height: size}).getContext("2d");
document.body.appendChild(ctx.canvas);
const stopAt = document.createElement("div")
document.body.appendChild(stopAt);
ctx.canvas.style.border = "2px solid black";
var gTime; // global time
const colors = ["#F00","#F80","#FF0","#0C0","#08F","#00F","#F0F"];
const wheelSteps = 12;
const minSpins = 3 * Math.TAU; // min number of spins before stopping
const spinTime = 6000; // in ms
const slowDownRate = 1 / 1.8; // smaller this value the greater the ease in.
// Must be > 0
var startSpin = false;
var readyTime = 0;
ctx.canvas.addEventListener("click",() => { startSpin = !wheel.spinning });
stopAt.textContent = "Click wheel to spin";
const wheel = { // hold wheel related variables
img: createWheel(wheelSteps),
endTime: performance.now() - 2000,
startPos: 0,
endPos: 0,
speed: 0,
pos: 0,
spinning: false,
set currentPos(val) {
this.speed = (val - this.pos) / 2; // for the wobble at stop
this.pos = val;
},
set endAt(pos) {
this.endPos = (Math.TAU - (pos / wheelSteps) * Math.TAU) + minSpins;
this.endTime = gTime + spinTime;
this.startTime = gTime;
stopAt.textContent = "Spin to: "+(pos + 1);
}
};
function wheelPos(currentTime, startTime, endTime, startPos, endPos) {
const x = ((currentTime - startTime) / (endTime - startTime)) ** slowDownRate;
return x * (endPos - startPos) + startPos;
}
function mainLoop(time) {
gTime = time;
ctx.setTransform(1,0,0,1,0,0);
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, size, size);
if (startSpin && !wheel.spinning) {
startSpin = false;
wheel.spinning = true;
wheel.startPos = (wheel.pos % Math.TAU + Math.TAU) % Math.TAU;
wheel.endAt = Math.random() * wheelSteps | 0;
} else if (gTime <= wheel.endTime) { // wheel is spinning get pos
wheel.currentPos = wheelPos(gTime, wheel.startTime, wheel.endTime, wheel.startPos, wheel.endPos);
readyTime = gTime + 1500;
} else { // wobble at stop
wheel.speed += (wheel.endPos - wheel.pos) * 0.0125;
wheel.speed *= 0.95;
wheel.pos += wheel.speed;
if (wheel.spinning && gTime > readyTime) {
wheel.spinning = false;
stopAt.textContent = "Click wheel to spin";
}
}
// draw wheel
ctx.setTransform(1,0,0,1,size / 2, size / 2);
ctx.rotate(wheel.pos);
ctx.drawImage(wheel.img, -size / 2 , - size / 2);
// draw marker shadow
ctx.setTransform(1,0,0,1,1,4);
ctx.fillStyle = "#0004";
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.lineTo(size - 13, size / 2);
ctx.lineTo(size, size / 2 - 7);
ctx.lineTo(size, size / 2 + 7);
ctx.fill();
// draw marker
ctx.setTransform(1,0,0,1,0,0);
ctx.fillStyle = "#F00";
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.lineTo(size - 13, size / 2);
ctx.lineTo(size, size / 2 - 7);
ctx.lineTo(size, size / 2 + 7);
ctx.fill();
requestAnimationFrame(mainLoop);
}
function createWheel(steps) {
const ctx = Object.assign(document.createElement("canvas"),{width: size, height: size}).getContext("2d");
const s = size, s2 = s / 2, r = s2 - 4;
var colIdx = 0;
for (let a = 0; a < Math.TAU; a += Math.TAU / steps) {
const aa = a - Math.PI / steps;
ctx.fillStyle = colors[colIdx++ % colors.length];
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(s2, s2);
ctx.arc(s2, s2, r, aa, aa + Math.TAU / steps);
ctx.fill();
}
ctx.fillStyle = "#FFF";
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(s2, s2, 12, 0, Math.TAU);
ctx.fill();
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.lineWidth = 2;
ctx.arc(s2, s2, r, 0, Math.TAU);
ctx.moveTo(s2 + 12, s2);
ctx.arc(s2, s2, 12, 0, Math.TAU);
for (let a = 0; a < Math.TAU; a += Math.TAU / steps) {
const aa = a - Math.PI / steps;
ctx.moveTo(Math.cos(aa) * 12 + s2, Math.sin(aa) * 12 + s2);
ctx.lineTo(Math.cos(aa) * r + s2, Math.sin(aa) * r + s2);
}
//ctx.fill("evenodd");
ctx.stroke();
ctx.fillStyle = "#000";
ctx.font = "13px arial black";
ctx.textAlign = "center";
ctx.textBaseline = "middle";
const tr = r - 8;
var idx = 1;
for (let a = 0; a < Math.TAU; a += Math.TAU / steps) {
const dx = Math.cos(a);
const dy = Math.sin(a);
ctx.setTransform(dy, -dx, dx, dy, dx * (tr - 4) + s2, dy * (tr - 4) + s2);
ctx.fillText(""+ (idx ++), 0, 0);
}
return ctx.canvas;
}
body { font-family: arial }
I am experimenting with canvas in HTML and JS and attempting to draw a canvas of a chess board with 16 pieces on each side of it. I was able to create the chess board but am stuck on how I would draw just specifically the 16 pieces on each side (The pieces can just be circles so just one side with 16 red circles, one side with 16 blue circles).
I don't know why this is so confusing to me, I know you probably just need a for loop stopping at the specific coordinates but to get different colored pieces on each side as well as stopping at certain part is giving me trouble.
I would just like assistance on where in my code would I be placing the chess pieces in. If you could just modify my current code and place comments on where you made the changes so I could see then that would be very appreciated.
Here is what I have so far to make the checkers board:
<canvas id="canvas" width="300" height="300"></canvas>
function drawCheckeredBackground(can, nRow, nCol) {
var ctx = can.getContext("2d");
var w = can.width;
var h = can.height;
nRow = nRow || 8;
nCol = nCol || 8;
w /= nCol;
h /= nRow;
for (var i = 0; i < nRow; ++i) {
for (var j = 0, col = nCol / 2; j < col; ++j) {
ctx.rect(2 * j * w + (i % 2 ? 0 : w), i * h, w, h);
}
}
ctx.fill();
}
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
drawCheckeredBackground(canvas);
Here is how I want the chess board to look like, with 16 pieces on each side like so. I just quickly made this example in paint:
https://i.imgur.com/BvbxzSZ.png
This isn't the most beautiful solution possible, but it should offer some basic ideas and is adjustable using your step variable idea. Chances are, you'll need to refactor when going for actual pieces.
const drawBoard = (ctx, step) => {
for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
for (let j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
ctx.fillStyle = (i + j) & 1 ? "black" : "white";
ctx.fillRect(j * step, i * step, step, step);
}
}
};
const drawPieces = (ctx, y, color, step) => {
ctx.fillStyle = color;
for (let i = y; i < 2 * step + y; i += step) {
for (let j = step / 2; j < 8 * step; j += step) {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(j, i - step / 2, step / 3, 0, Math.PI * 2);
ctx.fill();
}
}
};
const step = 60;
const c = document.createElement("canvas");
c.height = c.width = step * 8;
document.body.appendChild(c);
const ctx = c.getContext("2d");
drawBoard(ctx, step);
drawPieces(ctx, step, "red", step);
drawPieces(ctx, step * 7, "blue", step);
Play with it at JSFiddle.
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<style>
body {
background-color: black;
}
canvas {
display: block;
margin: auto;
border: solid 1px white;
border-radius: 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
<script type="application/javascript">
// Self executing function
void function() {
// Turn on strict js rules for this scope
"use strict";
// Classes
function ChessPeice(x,y,radius) {
this.x = x || 0.0;
this.y = y || 0.0;
this.radius = radius || 1.0;
}
ChessPeice.prototype = {
tick: function() {
},
render: function(ctx) {
ctx.moveTo(
this.x + this.radius,
this.y
);
ctx.arc(
this.x,
this.y,
this.radius,
0.0,
2.0 * Math.PI,
false
);
}
};
// Constructor, when called with 'new' creates an object and puts it
// in the 'this' variable, new properties can then be added to it.
function Chessboard(width,height) {
this.boardWidth = width || 1;
this.boardHeight = height || 1;
this.tileWidth = this.boardWidth / this.H_TILE_COUNT;
this.tileHeight = this.boardHeight / this.V_TILE_COUNT;
this.whitePeices = [];
this.blackPeices = [];
for (var y = 0; y < 2; ++y) {
for (var x = 0; x < this.V_TILE_COUNT; ++x) {
this.whitePeices.push(
new ChessPeice(
x * this.tileWidth + (this.tileWidth >> 1),
y * this.tileHeight + (this.tileHeight >> 1),
this.CHESS_PIECE_RADIUS
)
);
this.blackPeices.push(
new ChessPeice(
x * this.tileWidth + (this.tileWidth >> 1),
(this.V_TILE_COUNT - 1 - y) * this.tileHeight + (this.tileHeight >> 1),
this.CHESS_PIECE_RADIUS
)
);
}
}
}
// Prototype object, all objects created with 'new Chessboard()'
// will share the properties in the prototype, use it for constant values
// & class functions
Chessboard.prototype = {
H_TILE_COUNT: 8, // How many white & black tiles per axis?
V_TILE_COUNT: 8,
EDGE_THICKNESS: 10.0,
EDGE_COLOUR: "#603E11FF",
WHITE_TILE_COLOUR: "#BBBBBBFF",
BLACK_TILE_COLOUR: "#555555FF",
CHESS_PIECE_RADIUS: 5.0,
WHITE_PIECE_COLOUR: "#EEEEEEFF",
BLACK_PIECE_COLOUR: "#333333FF",
tick: function() {
// You can add game logic here
},
render: function(ctx) {
// Draw white tiles
var x = 0;
var y = 0;
var totalTiles = this.H_TILE_COUNT * this.V_TILE_COUNT;
ctx.fillStyle = this.WHITE_TILE_COLOUR;
ctx.beginPath();
for (var i = 0; i < totalTiles; ++i) {
ctx.rect(
x * this.tileWidth,
y * this.tileHeight,
this.tileWidth,
this.tileHeight
);
x += 2;
if (x >= this.H_TILE_COUNT) {
x = this.H_TILE_COUNT - x + 1;
++y;
}
}
ctx.fill();
// Draw black tiles
x = 1;
y = 0;
ctx.fillStyle = this.BLACK_TILE_COLOUR;
ctx.beginPath();
for (var i = 0; i < totalTiles; ++i) {
ctx.rect(
x * this.tileWidth,
y * this.tileHeight,
this.tileWidth,
this.tileHeight
);
x += 2;
if (x >= this.H_TILE_COUNT) {
x = this.H_TILE_COUNT - x + 1;
++y;
}
}
ctx.fill();
// Draw edge
ctx.lineWidth = this.EDGE_THICKNESS >> 1;
ctx.strokeStyle = this.EDGE_COLOUR;
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.rect(0,0,this.boardWidth,this.boardHeight);
ctx.stroke();
// Draw white pieces
ctx.lineWidth = 2;
ctx.strokeStyle = "#000000FF";
ctx.fillStyle = this.WHITE_PIECE_COLOUR;
ctx.beginPath();
for (var i = 0; i < this.whitePeices.length; ++i) {
this.whitePeices[i].render(ctx);
}
ctx.fill();
ctx.stroke();
// Draw black pieces
ctx.lineWidth = 2;
ctx.strokeStyle = "#000000FF";
ctx.fillStyle = this.BLACK_PIECE_COLOUR;
ctx.beginPath();
for (var i = 0; i < this.blackPeices.length; ++i) {
this.blackPeices[i].render(ctx);
}
ctx.fill();
ctx.stroke();
}
};
// Variables
var canvasWidth = 160;
var canvasHeight = 160;
var canvas = null;
var ctx = null;
var board = null;
// Game Loop
function loop() {
// Tick (Update game logic)
board.tick();
// Render
ctx.fillStyle = "gray";
ctx.fillRect(0,0,canvasWidth,canvasHeight);
board.render(ctx);
//
requestAnimationFrame(loop);
}
// Entry Point (Runs when the page loads)
onload = function() {
canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
canvas.width = canvasWidth;
canvas.height = canvasHeight;
ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
board = new Chessboard(canvasWidth,canvasHeight);
loop();
}
}();
</script>
</body>
</html>
I am developing agario. İ want make countdown for game round but countdown not visible in canvas.
function drawGameScene() {
if (!lastCalledTime) {
lastCalledTime = Date.now();
fps = 60;
displayfps = fps;
} else {
delta = (Date.now() - lastCalledTime) / 1000;
lastCalledTime = Date.now();
fps = 1 / delta;
}
var a, oldtime = Date.now();
++cb;
timestamp = oldtime;
if (0 < playerCells.length) {
calcViewZoom();
var c = a = 0;
for (var d = 0; d < playerCells.length; d++) {
playerCells[d].updatePos();
a += playerCells[d].x / playerCells.length;
c += playerCells[d].y / playerCells.length;
}
posX = a;
posY = c;
posSize = viewZoom;
nodeX = (nodeX + a) / 2;
nodeY = (nodeY + c) / 2
} else {
nodeX = (29 * nodeX + posX) / 30;
nodeY = (29 * nodeY + posY) / 30;
viewZoom = (9 * viewZoom + posSize * viewRange()) / 10;
}
buildQTree();
mouseCoordinateChange();
xa || ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvasWidth, canvasHeight);
if (xa) {
if (showDarkTheme) {
ctx.fillStyle = '#111111';
ctx.globalAlpha = .05;
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvasWidth, canvasHeight);
ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
}
else if (pembetema) {
ctx.fillStyle = '#ff4081';
ctx.globalAlpha = .05;
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvasWidth, canvasHeight);
ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
}else if (yesiltema) {
ctx.fillStyle = '#40ff58';
ctx.globalAlpha = .05;
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvasWidth, canvasHeight);
ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
}else if (default_tema) {
ctx.fillStyle = '#F2FBFF';
ctx.globalAlpha = .05;
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvasWidth, canvasHeight);
ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
}
} else {
drawGrid();
}
nodelist.sort(function (a, b) {
return a.size == b.size ? a.id - b.id : a.size - b.size
});
ctx.save();
ctx.translate(canvasWidth / 2, canvasHeight / 2);
ctx.scale(viewZoom, viewZoom);
ctx.translate(-nodeX, -nodeY);
if (transparentRender == true) {
ctx.globalAlpha = 0.6;
} else {
ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
}
/*drawBorders(ctx);*/
for (d = 0; d < Cells.length; d++) Cells[d].drawOneCell(ctx);
for (d = 0; d < nodelist.length; d++) nodelist[d].drawOneCell(ctx);
//console.log(Cells.length);
if (drawLine) {
drawLineX = (3 * drawLineX + lineX) /
4;
drawLineY = (3 * drawLineY + lineY) / 4;
ctx.save();
ctx.strokeStyle = "#FFAAAA";
ctx.lineWidth = 10;
ctx.lineCap = "round";
ctx.lineJoin = "round";
ctx.globalAlpha = .5;
ctx.beginPath();
for (d = 0; d < playerCells.length; d++) {
ctx.moveTo(playerCells[d].x, playerCells[d].y);
ctx.lineTo(drawLineX, drawLineY);
}
ctx.stroke();
ctx.restore()
}
// border -->
ctx.strokeStyle = '#00D1DF';
ctx.lineWidth = 25;
ctx.lineCap = "round";
ctx.lineJoin = "round";
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(leftPos,topPos);
ctx.lineTo(rightPos,topPos);
ctx.lineTo(rightPos,bottomPos);
ctx.lineTo(leftPos,bottomPos);
ctx.closePath();
ctx.stroke();
// <--
ctx.restore();
///////////////////////////////////////// MY COUNTDOWN CODES ////////////////////////////////////////////////
ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
ctx.fillStyle = "#0000FF";
ctx.font = "30px Roboto";
if(this.countdown < 3600){
var countDownStr = "";
var min = Math.floor(this.countdown/60);
if ( min < 10 ){
countDownStr += "0";
}
countDownStr += min+":";
var sec = this.countdown%60;
if ( sec<10 ){
countDownStr += "0";
}
countDownStr += sec;
ctx.fillText(countDownStr, ((canvasWidth - ctx.measureText(countDownStr).width) * 0.5), 30);
}
///////////////////////////////////////// MY COUNTDOWN CODES ////////////////////////////////////////////////
lbCanvas && lbCanvas.width && ctx.drawImage(lbCanvas, canvasWidth - lbCanvas.width - 10, 10); // draw Leader Board
if (!hideChat)
{
if ((chatCanvas != null)&&(chatCanvas.width > 0)) ctx.drawImage(chatCanvas, 0, canvasHeight - chatCanvas.height - 50); // draw Chat Board
}
var mass = calcUserScore();
userScore = Math.max(userScore, mass);
if (0 != userScore) {
kb();
if (null == scoreText) {
scoreText = new UText(24, '#FFFFFF');
}
var boxOpacity = .25;
scoreText.setValue("Score: " + ~~(userScore / 100));
c = scoreText.render();
w = c.width;
ctx.globalAlpha = boxOpacity;
ctx.fillStyle = "#000000";
ctx.fillRect(10, 10, w + 10, 34);
ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
ctx.drawImage(c, 15, 15);
scoreText.setValue("Mass: " + ~~(mass / 100));
c = scoreText.render();
w = c.width;
ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0,0,0, " + boxOpacity;
ctx.fillRect(10, 50, w + 10, 34);
ctx.drawImage(c, 15, 55);
}
drawSplitIcon(ctx);
drawTouch(ctx);
drawMap();
var deltatime = Date.now() - oldtime;
deltatime > 1E3 / 60 ? z -= .01 : deltatime < 1E3 / 65 && (z += .01);
.4 > z && (z = .4);
1 < z && (z = 1)
}
I added a comment line to where the countdown was. Where is the problem ? I am going crazy. I added a comment line to where the countdown was. Where is the problem ? I am going crazy. i need add "ctx.save()" or "ctx.restore()" codes ? What i need do ?
I'm trying to get this particle explosion working. It's working but it looks like some frames does not get rendered. If I click many times to call several explosions it starts to uhm.. "lag/stutter". Is there something I have forgotten to do? It may look like the browser hangs when I click many times. Is it too much to have 2 for loops inside each other?
Attached my code so you can see.
Just try to click many times, and you will see the problem visually.
// Request animation frame
var requestAnimationFrame = window.requestAnimationFrame || window.mozRequestAnimationFrame || window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame || window.msRequestAnimationFrame;
// Canvas
var c = document.getElementById('canvas');
var ctx = c.getContext('2d');
// Set full-screen
c.width = window.innerWidth;
c.height = window.innerHeight;
// Options
var background = '#333'; // Background color
var particlesPerExplosion = 20;
var particlesMinSpeed = 3;
var particlesMaxSpeed = 6;
var particlesMinSize = 1;
var particlesMaxSize = 3;
var explosions = [];
var fps = 60;
var now, delta;
var then = Date.now();
var interval = 1000 / fps;
// Optimization for mobile devices
if (/Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) {
fps = 29;
}
// Draw
function draw() {
// Loop
requestAnimationFrame(draw);
// Set NOW and DELTA
now = Date.now();
delta = now - then;
// New frame
if (delta > interval) {
// Update THEN
then = now - (delta % interval);
// Our animation
drawBackground();
drawExplosion();
}
}
// Draw explosion(s)
function drawExplosion() {
if (explosions.length == 0) {
return;
}
for (var i = 0; i < explosions.length; i++) {
var explosion = explosions[i];
var particles = explosion.particles;
if (particles.length == 0) {
explosions.splice(i, 1);
return;
}
for (var ii = 0; ii < particles.length; ii++) {
var particle = particles[ii];
// Check particle size
// If 0, remove
if (particle.size < 0) {
particles.splice(ii, 1);
return;
}
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(particle.x, particle.y, particle.size, Math.PI * 2, 0, false);
ctx.closePath();
ctx.fillStyle = 'rgb(' + particle.r + ',' + particle.g + ',' + particle.b + ')';
ctx.fill();
// Update
particle.x += particle.xv;
particle.y += particle.yv;
particle.size -= .1;
}
}
}
// Draw the background
function drawBackground() {
ctx.fillStyle = background;
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, c.width, c.height);
}
// Clicked
function clicked(e) {
var xPos, yPos;
if (e.offsetX) {
xPos = e.offsetX;
yPos = e.offsetY;
} else if (e.layerX) {
xPos = e.layerX;
yPos = e.layerY;
}
explosions.push(new explosion(xPos, yPos));
}
// Explosion
function explosion(x, y) {
this.particles = [];
for (var i = 0; i < particlesPerExplosion; i++) {
this.particles.push(new particle(x, y));
}
}
// Particle
function particle(x, y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.xv = randInt(particlesMinSpeed, particlesMaxSpeed, false);
this.yv = randInt(particlesMinSpeed, particlesMaxSpeed, false);
this.size = randInt(particlesMinSize, particlesMaxSize, true);
this.r = randInt(113, 222);
this.g = '00';
this.b = randInt(105, 255);
}
// Returns an random integer, positive or negative
// between the given value
function randInt(min, max, positive) {
if (positive == false) {
var num = Math.floor(Math.random() * max) - min;
num *= Math.floor(Math.random() * 2) == 1 ? 1 : -1;
} else {
var num = Math.floor(Math.random() * max) + min;
}
return num;
}
// On-click
$('canvas').on('click', function(e) {
clicked(e);
});
draw();
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
</body>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
</html>
You are returning from iterating over the particles if one is too small. This causes the other particles of that explosion to render only in the next frame.
I have a working version:
// Request animation frame
const requestAnimationFrame = window.requestAnimationFrame ||
window.mozRequestAnimationFrame ||
window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame ||
window.msRequestAnimationFrame;
// Canvas
const c = document.getElementById('canvas');
const ctx = c.getContext('2d');
// Set full-screen
c.width = window.innerWidth;
c.height = window.innerHeight;
// Options
const background = '#333'; // Background color
const particlesPerExplosion = 20;
const particlesMinSpeed = 3;
const particlesMaxSpeed = 6;
const particlesMinSize = 1;
const particlesMaxSize = 3;
const explosions = [];
let fps = 60;
const interval = 1000 / fps;
let now, delta;
let then = Date.now();
// Optimization for mobile devices
if (/Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) {
fps = 29;
}
// Draw
function draw() {
// Loop
requestAnimationFrame(draw);
// Set NOW and DELTA
now = Date.now();
delta = now - then;
// New frame
if (delta > interval) {
// Update THEN
then = now - (delta % interval);
// Our animation
drawBackground();
drawExplosion();
}
}
// Draw explosion(s)
function drawExplosion() {
if (explosions.length === 0) {
return;
}
for (let i = 0; i < explosions.length; i++) {
const explosion = explosions[i];
const particles = explosion.particles;
if (particles.length === 0) {
explosions.splice(i, 1);
return;
}
const particlesAfterRemoval = particles.slice();
for (let ii = 0; ii < particles.length; ii++) {
const particle = particles[ii];
// Check particle size
// If 0, remove
if (particle.size <= 0) {
particlesAfterRemoval.splice(ii, 1);
continue;
}
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(particle.x, particle.y, particle.size, Math.PI * 2, 0, false);
ctx.closePath();
ctx.fillStyle = 'rgb(' + particle.r + ',' + particle.g + ',' + particle.b + ')';
ctx.fill();
// Update
particle.x += particle.xv;
particle.y += particle.yv;
particle.size -= .1;
}
explosion.particles = particlesAfterRemoval;
}
}
// Draw the background
function drawBackground() {
ctx.fillStyle = background;
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, c.width, c.height);
}
// Clicked
function clicked(e) {
let xPos, yPos;
if (e.offsetX) {
xPos = e.offsetX;
yPos = e.offsetY;
} else if (e.layerX) {
xPos = e.layerX;
yPos = e.layerY;
}
explosions.push(
new explosion(xPos, yPos)
);
}
// Explosion
function explosion(x, y) {
this.particles = [];
for (let i = 0; i < particlesPerExplosion; i++) {
this.particles.push(
new particle(x, y)
);
}
}
// Particle
function particle(x, y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.xv = randInt(particlesMinSpeed, particlesMaxSpeed, false);
this.yv = randInt(particlesMinSpeed, particlesMaxSpeed, false);
this.size = randInt(particlesMinSize, particlesMaxSize, true);
this.r = randInt(113, 222);
this.g = '00';
this.b = randInt(105, 255);
}
// Returns an random integer, positive or negative
// between the given value
function randInt(min, max, positive) {
let num;
if (positive === false) {
num = Math.floor(Math.random() * max) - min;
num *= Math.floor(Math.random() * 2) === 1 ? 1 : -1;
} else {
num = Math.floor(Math.random() * max) + min;
}
return num;
}
// On-click
$('canvas').on('click', function (e) {
clicked(e);
});
draw();
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>* {margin:0;padding:0;overflow:hidden;}</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
</body>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
</html>
Loops, break and continue.
The problem was caused when you checked for empty particle arrays and when you found a particle to remove.
The bugs
The following two statements and blocks caused the problem
if (particles.length == 0) {
explosions.splice(i, 1);
return;
}
and
if (particles.size < 0) {
explosions.splice(ii, 1);
return;
}
The returns stopped the rendering of particles, so you would sometimes return before drawing a single particle was rendered just because the first explosion was empty or first particle was too small.
Continue and break
You can use the continue token in javascript to skip the rest of a for, while, do loop
for(i = 0; i < 100; i++){
if(test(i)){
// need to skip this iteration
continue;
}
// more code
// more code
// continue skips all the code upto the closing }
} << continues to here and if i < 100 the loop continues on.
Or you can completely break out of the loop with break
for(i = 0; i < 100; i++){
if(test(i)){
// need to exit the for loop
break;
}
// more code
// more code
// break skips all the code to the first line after the closing }
}
<< breaks to here and if i remains the value it was when break was encountered
The fix
if (particles.length == 0) {
explosions.splice(i, 1);
continue;
}
and
if (particles.size < 0) {
explosions.splice(ii, 1);
continue;
}
Your example with the fix
Your code with the fix. Befor I found it I started changing stuff.
Minor stuff.
requestAnimationFrame passes a time in milliseconds so to an accuracy of micro seconds.
You were setting then incorrectly and would have been losing frames. I changed the timing to use the argument time and then is just set to the time when a frame is drawn.
There are some other issues, nothing major and more of a coding style thing. You should capitalise objects created with new
function Particle(...
not
function particle(...
and your random is a overly complex
function randInt(min, max = min - (min = 0)) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min) + min);
}
or
function randInt(min,max){
max = max === undefined ? min - (min = 0) : max;
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min) + min);
}
randInt(100); // int 0 - 100
randInt(10,20); // int 10-20
randInt(-100); // int -100 to 0
randInt(-10,20); // int -10 to 20
this.xv = randInt(-particlesMinSpeed, particlesMaxSpeed);
this.yv = randInt(-particlesMinSpeed, particlesMaxSpeed);
this.size = randInt(particlesMinSize, particlesMaxSize);
And if you are using the same name in variables a good sign to create an object
var particlesPerExplosion = 20;
var particlesMinSpeed = 3;
var particlesMaxSpeed = 6;
var particlesMinSize = 1;
var particlesMaxSize = 3;
Could be
const settings = {
particles : {
speed : {min : 3, max : 6 },
size : {min : 1 : max : 3 },
explosionCount : 20,
},
background : "#000",
}
Anyways your code.
var c = canvas;
var ctx = c.getContext('2d');
// Set full-screen
c.width = innerWidth;
c.height = innerHeight;
// Options
var background = '#333'; // Background color
var particlesPerExplosion = 20;
var particlesMinSpeed = 3;
var particlesMaxSpeed = 6;
var particlesMinSize = 1;
var particlesMaxSize = 3;
var explosions = [];
var fps = 60;
var now, delta;
var then = 0; // Zero start time
var interval = 1000 / fps;
// Optimization for mobile devices
if (/Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) {
fps = 29;
}
// Draw
// as time is passed you need to start with requestAnimationFrame
requestAnimationFrame(draw);
function draw(time) { //requestAnimationFrame frame passes the time
requestAnimationFrame(draw);
delta = time - then;
if (delta > interval) {
then = time
drawBackground();
drawExplosion();
}
}
// Draw explosion(s)
function drawExplosion() {
if (explosions.length == 0) {
return;
}
for (var i = 0; i < explosions.length; i++) {
var explosion = explosions[i];
var particles = explosion.particles;
if (particles.length == 0) {
explosions.splice(i, 1);
//return;
continue;
}
for (var ii = 0; ii < particles.length; ii++) {
var particle = particles[ii];
// Check particle size
// If 0, remove
if (particle.size < 0) {
particles.splice(ii, 1);
// return;
continue;
}
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(particle.x, particle.y, particle.size, Math.PI * 2, 0, false);
ctx.closePath();
ctx.fillStyle = 'rgb(' + particle.r + ',' + particle.g + ',' + particle.b + ')';
ctx.fill();
// Update
particle.x += particle.xv;
particle.y += particle.yv;
particle.size -= .1;
}
}
}
// Draw the background
function drawBackground() {
ctx.fillStyle = background;
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, c.width, c.height);
}
// Clicked
function clicked(e) {
var xPos, yPos;
if (e.offsetX) {
xPos = e.offsetX;
yPos = e.offsetY;
} else if (e.layerX) {
xPos = e.layerX;
yPos = e.layerY;
}
explosions.push(new explosion(xPos, yPos));
}
// Explosion
function explosion(x, y) {
this.particles = [];
for (var i = 0; i < particlesPerExplosion; i++) {
this.particles.push(new particle(x, y));
}
}
// Particle
function particle(x, y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.xv = randInt(particlesMinSpeed, particlesMaxSpeed, false);
this.yv = randInt(particlesMinSpeed, particlesMaxSpeed, false);
this.size = randInt(particlesMinSize, particlesMaxSize, true);
this.r = randInt(113, 222);
this.g = '00';
this.b = randInt(105, 255);
}
// Returns an random integer, positive or negative
// between the given value
function randInt(min, max, positive) {
if (positive == false) {
var num = Math.floor(Math.random() * max) - min;
num *= Math.floor(Math.random() * 2) == 1 ? 1 : -1;
} else {
var num = Math.floor(Math.random() * max) + min;
}
return num;
}
// On-click
$('canvas').on('click', function(e) {
clicked(e);
});
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
</body>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
</html>
I'm having trouble with how I remove bricks. The bricks are part of an array, and the ball continuously runs a for loop checking to see if it's hit any bricks. If it does, it splices that brick from the array. But the bricks don't disappear!
//Helper Functions
function AABBIntersect(ax, ay, aw, ah, bx, by, bw, bh) {
return ax < bx+bw && ay < by+bh && bx < ax+aw && by < ay+ah;
}
var ball = {
//A few of the basic variables called by the upcoming function
update: function() {
this.x += this.vel.x;
this.y += this.vel.y;
if (0 > this.y) {
var offset = 0 - this.y;
this.y += 2*offset;
this.vel.y *= -1;
}
if (this.y+this.height > HEIGHT) {
this.serve();
}
if (0 > this.x || this.x+this.size > WIDTH) {
var offset = this.vel.x < 0 ? 0 - this.x : WIDTH - (this.x+this.size);
this.x += 2*offset;
this.vel.x *= -1;
}
if (AABBIntersect(this.x, this.y, this.size, this.size, player.x, player.y, player.width, player.height)) {
var offset = player.y - (this.y+this.size);
this.y += 2*offset;
var n = (this.x+this.size - player.x)/(player.width+this.size);
var phi = 0.25*pi*(2*n - 1);
var smash = Math.abs(phi) > 0.2*pi ? 1.5 : 1;
this.vel.x = smash*this.speed*Math.sin(phi);
this.vel.y = smash*-1*this.speed*Math.cos(phi);
}
for (var i = 0; i < bricks.length; i++) {
var b = bricks[i];
if (AABBIntersect(this.x, this.y, this.width, this.height, b.x, b.y, b.width, b.height)) {
bricks.splice(i, 1);
i--;
bricks.length--;
continue;
}
}
}
}
var bricks = [];
function main() {
canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
canvas.width = WIDTH;
canvas.height = HEIGHT;
ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
document.body.appendChild(canvas);
keystate = {};
document.addEventListener("keydown", function(evt) {
keystate[evt.keyCode] = true;
});
document.addEventListener("keyup", function(evt) {
delete keystate[evt.keyCode];
} );
init();
var loop = function() {
update();
draw();
window.requestAnimationFrame(loop, canvas);
};
window.requestAnimationFrame(loop, canvas);
}
function init() {
var cols = WIDTH / 40;
player.x = (WIDTH - player.width) / 2;
player.y = HEIGHT - (player.height * 2);
ball.x = (WIDTH - ball.size) / 2;
ball.y = player.y - ball.size;
ball.width = ball.size;
ball.height = ball.size;
ball.serve();
for (var i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
for (var j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
bricks.push({
color: "#f00",
x: 2 + j*40,
y: 2 + i*20,
w: 36,
h: 16
});
}
}
}
function update() {
frames++;
player.update();
ball.update();
}
function draw() {
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
ctx.save();
ctx.fillStyle = "#fff";
player.draw();
ball.draw();
for (var i = 0; i < bricks.length; i++) {
ctx.fillStyle = bricks[i].color;
ctx.fillRect(bricks[i].x, bricks[i].y, bricks[i].w, bricks[i].h);
}
ctx.restore();
}
main();
A few issues:
The brick objects do not have width or height properties, but w and h;
The splice should not happen on a brick element (b), but on the array of bricks (bricks);
The length of bricks should not be decremented after the splice, as that operation already reduces the length.
So use this loop:
for (var i = 0; i < bricks.length; i++) {
var b = bricks[i];
if (AABBIntersect(this.x, this.y, this.width, this.height, b.x, b.y, b.w, b.h)) {
bricks.splice(i, 1);
i--;
}
}