How to use and style (selector) nested symbols in SVG

How to use and style (selector) nested symbols in SVG - javascript

I have something like the following:
<html>
<head>
<style>
html, body {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
grove > tree > triangle {
/* some triangle styles */
}
#grove1 > tree > triangle {
/* some triangle styles for grove 1 */
}
#grove2 > tree > triangle {
/* some triangle styles for grove 2 */
}
#grove3 > tree > triangle {
/* some triangle styles for grove 3 */
}
#grove3 > tree {
/* animate the tree */
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 3000 3000">
<defs>
<symbol id="triangle" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
<polygon points="0,100 50,0 100,100" class="triangle" />
</symbol>
<symbol id="tree" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
<use href="#triangle" width="100" height="100" />
</symbol>
<symbol id="grove" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
<use href="#tree" width="10" height="10" />
<use href="#tree" width="10" height="10" x="20" />
<use href="#tree" width="10" height="10" x="40" />
<use href="#tree" width="10" height="10" x="60" />
<use href="#tree" width="10" height="10" x="80" />
</symbol>
</defs>
<use id="grove1" href="#grove" x="10" y="10" height="10"/>
<use id="grove2" href="#grove" x="30" y="100" height="100"/>
<use id="grove3" href="#grove" x="50" y="600" height="600"/>
</svg>
</body>
</html>
Notice that symbols are nested 3 levels deep. And the sizing definitions change at each symbol. For example, in the grove symbol, the viewBox is 100x100, but the trees which it contains also have their own view box of 100x100. The trees are sized to 10x10 in the grove, so they have a different scaling system.
Basically though, I compose these symbols into the grove symbol, then add those using use in 3 different places. Each one appears larger/closer than the one before. Or that's how it should work.
The question is how I can change the colors on these symbols efficiently and properly (best-practice). If I can do something like the example CSS above:
grove > tree > triangle {
/* some triangle styles */
}
Or if I have to use JavaScript somehow to change the styles in this situation, or otherwise not really use symbols at all, or create symbol for every color variation I want (somehow).
Please let me know how I should structure this SVG system so I can properly style each chunk of stuff (each "grove" for example, and its contents).
Another example I'd like for this to handle is, say each tree has branches. I want to have 5 rows of trees, as if it's parallax and each row is further in the distance than the one before, and as such they get lighter and lighter. So I would like to set the color of the branches and the "leaves" (main tree triangle) to be lighter and lighter as they move back. In addition, maybe I want to slightly change the color of the trees at a specific row. So I should be able to do something like this:
#grove1 > tree > branch { /* style */ }
#grove1 > #tree1 { /* style */ }
#grove1 > #tree2 { /* style */ }
#grove1 > #tree2 > #branch1 { /* style */ }
#grove1 > #tree2 > #branch2 { /* style */ }
#grove1 > etc...
Basically how to style the nested symbols individually. If it's not possible, then what the design pattern is I should be using instead.

Styles can inherit into the children of a <use> see below:
<html>
<head>
<style>
html, body {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
#grove {
/* some triangle styles */
}
#grove1 {
/* some triangle styles for grove 1 */
fill: red;
}
#grove2 {
/* some triangle styles for grove 2 */
fill: green;
}
#grove3 {
/* some triangle styles for grove 3 */
fill: gold;
}
#grove3 > tree {
/* animate the tree */
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 3000 3000">
<defs>
<symbol id="triangle" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
<polygon points="0,100 50,0 100,100" class="triangle" />
</symbol>
<symbol id="tree" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
<use href="#triangle" width="100" height="100" />
</symbol>
<symbol id="grove" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
<use href="#tree" width="10" height="10" />
<use href="#tree" width="10" height="10" x="20" />
<use href="#tree" width="10" height="10" x="40" />
<use href="#tree" width="10" height="10" x="60" />
<use href="#tree" width="10" height="10" x="80" />
</symbol>
</defs>
<use id="grove1" href="#grove" x="10" y="10" height="10"/>
<use id="grove2" href="#grove" x="30" y="100" height="100"/>
<use id="grove3" href="#grove" x="50" y="600" height="600"/>
</svg>
</body>
</html>
You can style the <symbol> and it's children.
You can style the <use> element.
However you can't have selectors that cross the <use> "boundary".
#myuse > #mysymbol-child
will not work. You cannot use a selector to target a specific instance of that symbol. Except by inheritance from the <use> as I have done in my example.
A symbol is a definition. If you give it a direct style, then that symbol with whatever style it has, will be used everywhere. That includes things like animation. If you animate the symbol, all instances of it will be animated the same way.

If I remember correctly, the trick to do that is to set the properties you want to set differently for each instance of <use> to "inherit" or "currentColor" (or if they're inherited by default, don't set them, if you don't need to) and then place each <use> in a <g> and apply the style declarations to each <g>.
SVG - inherit multiple colors

Related

Is there a way I can fill different color inside SVG image using HTML (currently using d3.js)

I have a SVG which needs to be filled as per data just like this image. I need to fill arms with different color, head with different color and legs with different color, that all using HTML, CSS and JavaScript. I'm currenlty using it on Angular which also uses D3.js. Is there any work around of this?

You can just give the SVG some classes and toggle them using JS or edit the elements fill style.
const colors = ['red', 'blue', 'green', 'yellow', 'gray']
setInterval(() => {
document.getElementById('hair').style.fill = colors[Math.floor(Math.random() * colors.length)];
}, 200)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!-- Generator: Adobe Illustrator 19.0.0, SVG Export Plug-In . SVG Version: 6.00 Build 0) -->
<svg version="1.1" width="100px" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px"
viewBox="0 0 511.999 511.999" style="enable-background:new 0 0 511.999 511.999;" xml:space="preserve">
<g>
<path id="hair" d="M410.439,0c0,0-18.211,44.138-141.241,44.138h-79.448c0,0-123.586-6.073-123.586,105.931v82.476
c0,31.974,12.703,62.632,35.31,85.248h300.138l6.294-6.294c19.474-19.482,31.921-45.047,34.648-72.466
C458.629,77.674,410.439,0,410.439,0"/>
<path style="fill:#FDD7AD;" d="M101.473,194.207c0-7.318,1.474-14.292,4.158-20.63c10.099-23.905,38.391-33.66,62.791-24.832
c13.294,4.811,38.179,10.152,83.121,10.152s69.826-5.341,83.121-10.152c24.399-8.828,52.683,0.927,62.791,24.832
c2.675,6.347,4.158,13.312,4.158,20.63l0.238,80.446c0,55.428-4.317,116.401-46.133,156.089
c-14.989,14.239-32.653,25.203-49.717,36.776c-17.064,11.564-32.106,26.827-54.219,26.827s-37.155-15.263-54.219-26.827
c-17.055-11.573-34.719-22.537-49.717-36.776c-41.807-39.689-46.371-101.667-46.371-157.087V194.207z"/>
</svg>

Since SVGs are just markup that can be written directly into HTML, they can also have attributes such as classes and IDs, so you can just style them like you would regular elements.
You can also target them with JS to add/remove attributes etc.
Here is a super simple example of a styled SVG to illustrate:
#rect-1 {
fill: red;
}
#rect-2 {
fill: green;
}
#rect-3 {
fill: blue;
}
#rect-4 {
fill: yellow;
}
<svg>
<rect id="rect-1" x="0" y="0" width="10" height="10" />
<rect id="rect-2" x="0" y="20" width="10" height="10" />
<rect id="rect-3" x="20" y="20" width="10" height="10" />
<rect id="rect-4" x="20" y="0" width="10" height="10" />
</svg>

External SVG file in clippath

I have SVG file that i created it in photoshop. I would like to use it in my html page with clip-path property. I am trying to implement it as using clip-path:url(#mysvg); and paste the svg code to my html page. But i does not work. How can i do that?
My purpose is like this with css:
Here is the .svg file:
https://svgshare.com/i/dfw.svg
Here is the svg code
<!--IMAGE-->
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 814 506" >
<image id="image" class="image__svg-image" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#mask)" x="-100px" xlink:href="https://res.cloudinary.com/alvarosaburido/image/upload/v1589435086/blog/The%20Magic%20of%20SVG%20Clip-path/pic_yo5eyq.png" />
</svg>
<!--MY SVG FILE-->
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1920" height="1920" viewBox="0 0 1920 1920">
<metadata><?xpacket begin="" id="W5M0MpCehiHzreSzNTczkc9d"?>
<x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/" x:xmptk="Adobe XMP Core 5.6-c142 79.160924, 2017/07/13-01:06:39 ">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about=""/>
</rdf:RDF>
</x:xmpmeta>
<?xpacket end="w"?></metadata>
<defs>
<style>
.cls-1 {
fill: #fff;
fill-rule: evenodd;
}
</style>
</defs>
<path id="rect1" class="cls-1" d="M133,333.637L1426.05,171.265a157.557,157.557,0,0,1,175.99,136.647l157.93,1256.5L466.929,1726.79a157.574,157.574,0,0,1-176-136.65Z"/>
</svg>

In this example the viewBox of the <svg> is 100 in width and the image also takes up 100% of the width. So, no matter the actual width of the image it will always fill the entire SVG.
The <clipPath> fits in the size of the viewBox of the <svg> that holds the image. I know the width is 100, so I made the clippath 70 in height and width plus the extra height that the rotation takes up. This matches kind of the height of the images (unknown at this point).
I replaced the content of the <clipPath>. It is more "transparent" what the clip path does and easier to manipulate.
<!--IMAGE-->
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="300">
<image width="100%" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/alvarosaburido/image/upload/v1589435086/blog/The%20Magic%20of%20SVG%20Clip-path/pic_yo5eyq.png" clip-path="url(#mask)" />
</svg>
<!--MY SVG FILE-->
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="0" height="0">
<defs>
<clipPath id="mask" transform="translate(15 0) rotate(-10 60 0)">
<rect width="50" height="50" />
<rect x="20" y="20" width="50" height="50" />
<rect x="20" width="50" height="50" rx="10" />
<rect y="20" width="50" height="50" rx="10" />
</clipPath>
</defs>
</svg>
Update
OP asks if the original path can be used as a clip-path. It can, but the viewBox needs to be modified accordingly. So, if the viewbox 0 0 2300 1800 is used the path fits the image.
<!--IMAGE-->
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 2300 1800" width="300">
<image width="100%" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/alvarosaburido/image/upload/v1589435086/blog/The%20Magic%20of%20SVG%20Clip-path/pic_yo5eyq.png" clip-path="url(#mask)" />
</svg>
<!--MY SVG FILE-->
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="0" height="0">
<defs>
<clipPath id="mask" transform="translate(350 0)">
<path id="rect1" class="cls-1" d="M133,333.637L1426.05,171.265a157.557,157.557,0,0,1,175.99,136.647l157.93,1256.5L466.929,1726.79a157.574,157.574,0,0,1-176-136.65Z"/>
</clipPath>
</defs>
</svg>
Update
To "path" or not to "path", that is the question. This third example is a better solution. The path is simpler and there are not that many child elements in <clipPath>.
<!--IMAGE-->
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 11 11" width="300">
<image width="100%" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/alvarosaburido/image/upload/v1589435086/blog/The%20Magic%20of%20SVG%20Clip-path/pic_yo5eyq.png" clip-path="url(#mask)" />
</svg>
<!--MY SVG FILE-->
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="0" height="0">
<defs>
<clipPath id="mask" transform="translate(2 0) rotate(-10 7 0)">
<path d="M 0 0 L 6 0 A 1 1 90 0 1 7 1 L 7 7 L 1 7 A 1 1 90 0 1 0 6 Z"/>
</clipPath>
</defs>
</svg>
Update
This fourth example is using the original path, BUT defined in a <clipPath> and used as an external reference in CSS. The external SVG file have the following content:
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<defs>
<clipPath id="mask" transform="translate(350 0)">
<path id="rect1" class="cls-1" d="M133,333.637L1426.05,171.265a157.557,157.557,0,0,1,175.99,136.647l157.93,1256.5L466.929,1726.79a157.574,157.574,0,0,1-176-136.65Z"/>
</clipPath>
</defs>
</svg>
But for this example I replace the URL (like https://svgshare.com/i/dfw.svg#rect) to the SVG file with a data URI.
svg>image {
clip-path: url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPgogIDxkZWZzPgogICAgPGNsaXBQYXRoIGlkPSJtYXNrIiB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgzNTAgMCkiPgogICAgICA8cGF0aCBpZD0icmVjdDEiIGNsYXNzPSJjbHMtMSIgZD0iTTEzMywzMzMuNjM3TDE0MjYuMDUsMTcxLjI2NWExNTcuNTU3LDE1Ny41NTcsMCwwLDEsMTc1Ljk5LDEzNi42NDdsMTU3LjkzLDEyNTYuNUw0NjYuOTI5LDE3MjYuNzlhMTU3LjU3NCwxNTcuNTc0LDAsMCwxLTE3Ni0xMzYuNjVaIi8+CiAgICA8L2NsaXBQYXRoPgogIDwvZGVmcz4KPC9zdmc+#mask');
}
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 2300 1800" width="300">
<image width="100%" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/alvarosaburido/image/upload/v1589435086/blog/The%20Magic%20of%20SVG%20Clip-path/pic_yo5eyq.png" />
</svg>

How to access style properties of externally insert svg file?

Here I can access the style of the svg:
svg {
fill: skyblue;
}
<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="500px" height="500px"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1">
<path d="M6,6A2,2,0,0,1,8,4,1,1,0,0,0,8,2,4,4,0,0,0,4,6V9a2,2,0,0,1-2,2,1,1,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,0,0,1,2,2v3a4,4,0,0,0,4,4,1,1,0,0,0,0-2,2,2,0,0,1-2-2V15a4,4,0,0,0-1.38-3A4,4,0,0,0,6,9Zm16,5a2,2,0,0,1-2-2V6a4,4,0,0,0-4-4,1,1,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,0,0,1,2,2V9a4,4,0,0,0,1.38,3A4,4,0,0,0,18,15v3a2,2,0,0,1-2,2,1,1,0,0,0,0,2,4,4,0,0,0,4-4V15a2,2,0,0,1,2-2,1,1,0,0,0,0-2Z"/>
</svg>
But its style is not changed when svg is added as external file:
img {
fill: skyblue;
}
/* etc. Not working
img > svg {
fill: skyblue;
}
*/
<img src="brackets.svg" width="500px" height="500px">
Or; Can I somehow use the css root variable in the svg file? e.g. <svg fill="var(--textColor)" > </svg>

You can use a <use> element instead.
Give your path element an unique id and strip all fill attributes:
Svg markup
<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="500px" height="500px" >
<path id="icon"
d="M6,6A2,2,0,0,1,8,4,1,1,0,0,0,8,2,4,4,0,0,0,4,6V9a2,2,0,0,1-2,2,1,1,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,0,0,1,2,2v3a4,4,0,0,0,4,4,1,1,0,0,0,0-2,2,2,0,0,1-2-2V15a4,4,0,0,0-1.38-3A4,4,0,0,0,6,9Zm16,5a2,2,0,0,1-2-2V6a4,4,0,0,0-4-4,1,1,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,0,0,1,2,2V9a4,4,0,0,0,1.38,3A4,4,0,0,0,18,15v3a2,2,0,0,1-2,2,1,1,0,0,0,0,2,4,4,0,0,0,4-4V15a2,2,0,0,1,2-2,1,1,0,0,0,0-2Z" />
</svg>
Use element in html
Use elements support external svg files.
<svg>
<use href="icon.svg#icon" style="fill:red" />
</svg>
So you don't need to inline your assets/icons svg (some legacy browsers might still have issues with external svgs referenced in use)
Example (inlined svg just for circumventing CORS issues)
<svg style="display:none" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="500px" height="500px" >
<path id="icon"
d="M6,6A2,2,0,0,1,8,4,1,1,0,0,0,8,2,4,4,0,0,0,4,6V9a2,2,0,0,1-2,2,1,1,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,0,0,1,2,2v3a4,4,0,0,0,4,4,1,1,0,0,0,0-2,2,2,0,0,1-2-2V15a4,4,0,0,0-1.38-3A4,4,0,0,0,6,9Zm16,5a2,2,0,0,1-2-2V6a4,4,0,0,0-4-4,1,1,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,0,0,1,2,2V9a4,4,0,0,0,1.38,3A4,4,0,0,0,18,15v3a2,2,0,0,1-2,2,1,1,0,0,0,0,2,4,4,0,0,0,4-4V15a2,2,0,0,1,2-2,1,1,0,0,0,0-2Z" />
</svg>
<p>
<svg>
<use href="#icon" style="fill:red" />
</svg>
<svg>
<use href="#icon" style="fill:green" />
</svg>
</p>
Multiple icons
When using icons containing multiple elements (like in feather-icons library) I strongly recommend wrapping each icon definition in a <symbol>element.
This way you can have icons with different viewBox attributes:
button{
background:#999;
border:none;
font-size:2em;
border-radius:0.3em;
padding:0.3em;
color:#fff;
}
.icon-use{
display: inline-block;
width:1em;
height:1em;
font-size:1em;
color:inherit;
vertical-align:-0.1em;
}
.icon-green{
color:green
}
<button type='button'>
Download
<svg class="icon-use">
<use href="#icon-download" />
</svg>
</button>
<button type='button'>
Download .xls
<svg class="icon-use icon-green">
<use href="#icon-download" />
</svg>
</button>
<button type='button'>
Download .docx
<svg class="icon-use" style="color:blue">
<use href="#icon-arrow" />
</svg>
</button>
<svg style="display:none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<symbol id="icon-download" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
<path d="M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4"></path>
<polyline points="7 10 12 15 17 10"></polyline>
<line x1="12" y1="15" x2="12" y2="3"></line>
</symbol>
<symbol id="icon-arrow" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
<polyline points="7 10 12 15 17 10"></polyline>
<line x1="12" y1="15" x2="12" y2="3"></line>
</symbol>
</svg>

cannot change height of a svg group element with javascript

<svg>
<!--SOME SVG CODE HERE-->
<g id="bg"> <!--More svg code-->
</g>
</svg>
<!--Imports-->
<script src="script.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="st.css">
</html>
CSS:
#bg{
height:100%;
}
When i use javascript to change the height:
document.getElementById("bg").style.height = "500px"
nothing happens, and, when i try to print the height in screen, it's returns nothing:
alert(document.getElementById("bg").style.height)
what can i do to change the height with javascript.

if you need to give a width and a height to an element inside an svg element you have to use a <symbol> with a viewBox instead of a group. Next you have to use the <symbol>and you can give a width and a height to the <use> element
svg{border:solid}
<svg viewBox="0 0 200 100" width="300">
<symbol id="c" viewBox="0 0 20 20">
<circle cx="10" cy="10" r="5"/>
</symbol>
<use xlink:href="#c" x="10" y="10" width="40" height="40" />
</svg>

Click events stop working after replacing attribute of <use> element in <svg> (Win7/IE11)

We are using multiple svg symbols for displaying icons.
<!-- defining them at the start of the page -->
<div id="icon-container">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<symbol xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
id="rect" ...>
<rect... />
</symbol>
<symbol xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
id="circle" ...>
<circle... />
</symbol>
</svg>
</div>
<!-- using them in the page somewhere -->
<svg>
<use xlink:href="#rect"></use>
</svg>
In some cases we need to replace them later on with another icon (like on a collapse control), therefore I created a little helper function to change the xlink:href to the new symbol name.
$.fn.replaceSVGIcon = function(id) {
$(this).find('svg')
.andSelf()
.filter('svg')
.find('use')
.attr('xlink:href', '#' + id);
}
This works in every browser except for IE10 + IE11 on Windows 7 (but weirdly enough it works with Windows 8).
When you open the snippet below in IE11 and click on the red box everything is fine, but as soon as you start clicking on the element within, it breaks the whole page after the icon is changed for the first time.
(function($){
$.fn.replaceSVGIcon = function(id) {
$(this).find('svg').andSelf().filter('svg').find('use').attr('xlink:href', '#' + id);
}
})(jQuery);
clickFunction = function() {
var $elem = $('#icon');
if ($elem.find('use').attr('xlink:href') == '#rect')
{
$elem.replaceSVGIcon('circle');
} else {
$elem.replaceSVGIcon('rect');
}
};
#icon-container {
visibility: collapse;
display: none;
}
#icon {
height: 40px;
width: 40px;
fill: #454545;
cursor: pointer;
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div id="icon-container">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<symbol xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="rect" viewBox="0 0 50 50">
<rect x="15" y="15" width="20" height="20"></rect>
</symbol>
<symbol xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="circle" viewBox="0 0 50 50">
<circle cx="25" cy="25" r="10"></circle>
</symbol>
</svg>
</div>
<svg id="icon" onclick="clickFunction()">
<rect fill="red" height="40" width="40"></rect>
<use xlink:href="#rect"></use>
</svg>
Why is this happening and is this a known Internet Explorer bug? What are my options to work around this issue?

Yes, this is a known IE bug. https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedback/details/796745/mouse-events-are-not-delivered-at-all-anymore-when-inside-an-svg-a-use-is-removed-from-the-dom
If you can, you should set pointer-events: none; for the use tag in your CSS. It's crazy, but it should work.

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