I'd like to get the names of all the keys in a MongoDB collection.
For example, from this:
db.things.insert( { type : ['dog', 'cat'] } );
db.things.insert( { egg : ['cat'] } );
db.things.insert( { type : [] } );
db.things.insert( { hello : [] } );
I'd like to get the unique keys:
type, egg, hello
You could do this with MapReduce:
mr = db.runCommand({
"mapreduce" : "my_collection",
"map" : function() {
for (var key in this) { emit(key, null); }
},
"reduce" : function(key, stuff) { return null; },
"out": "my_collection" + "_keys"
})
Then run distinct on the resulting collection so as to find all the keys:
db[mr.result].distinct("_id")
["foo", "bar", "baz", "_id", ...]
With Kristina's answer as inspiration, I created an open source tool called Variety which does exactly this: https://github.com/variety/variety
You can use aggregation with the new $objectToArray aggregation operator in version 3.4.4 to convert all top key-value pairs into document arrays, followed by $unwind and $group with $addToSet to get distinct keys across the entire collection. (Use $$ROOT for referencing the top level document.)
db.things.aggregate([
{"$project":{"arrayofkeyvalue":{"$objectToArray":"$$ROOT"}}},
{"$unwind":"$arrayofkeyvalue"},
{"$group":{"_id":null,"allkeys":{"$addToSet":"$arrayofkeyvalue.k"}}}
])
You can use the following query for getting keys in a single document.
db.things.aggregate([
{"$match":{_id: "<<ID>>"}}, /* Replace with the document's ID */
{"$project":{"arrayofkeyvalue":{"$objectToArray":"$$ROOT"}}},
{"$project":{"keys":"$arrayofkeyvalue.k"}}
])
A cleaned up and reusable solution using pymongo:
from pymongo import MongoClient
from bson import Code
def get_keys(db, collection):
client = MongoClient()
db = client[db]
map = Code("function() { for (var key in this) { emit(key, null); } }")
reduce = Code("function(key, stuff) { return null; }")
result = db[collection].map_reduce(map, reduce, "myresults")
return result.distinct('_id')
Usage:
get_keys('dbname', 'collection')
>> ['key1', 'key2', ... ]
If your target collection is not too large, you can try this under mongo shell client:
var allKeys = {};
db.YOURCOLLECTION.find().forEach(function(doc){Object.keys(doc).forEach(function(key){allKeys[key]=1})});
allKeys;
If you are using mongodb 3.4.4 and above then you can use below aggregation using $objectToArray and $group aggregation
db.collection.aggregate([
{ "$project": {
"data": { "$objectToArray": "$$ROOT" }
}},
{ "$project": { "data": "$data.k" }},
{ "$unwind": "$data" },
{ "$group": {
"_id": null,
"keys": { "$addToSet": "$data" }
}}
])
Here is the working example
Try this:
doc=db.thinks.findOne();
for (key in doc) print(key);
Using python. Returns the set of all top-level keys in the collection:
#Using pymongo and connection named 'db'
reduce(
lambda all_keys, rec_keys: all_keys | set(rec_keys),
map(lambda d: d.keys(), db.things.find()),
set()
)
Here is the sample worked in Python:
This sample returns the results inline.
from pymongo import MongoClient
from bson.code import Code
mapper = Code("""
function() {
for (var key in this) { emit(key, null); }
}
""")
reducer = Code("""
function(key, stuff) { return null; }
""")
distinctThingFields = db.things.map_reduce(mapper, reducer
, out = {'inline' : 1}
, full_response = True)
## do something with distinctThingFields['results']
I am surprise, no one here has ans by using simple javascript and Set logic to automatically filter the duplicates values, simple example on mongo shellas below:
var allKeys = new Set()
db.collectionName.find().forEach( function (o) {for (key in o ) allKeys.add(key)})
for(let key of allKeys) print(key)
This will print all possible unique keys in the collection name: collectionName.
I think the best way do this as mentioned here is in mongod 3.4.4+ but without using the $unwind operator and using only two stages in the pipeline. Instead we can use the $mergeObjects and $objectToArray operators.
In the $group stage, we use the $mergeObjects operator to return a single document where key/value are from all documents in the collection.
Then comes the $project where we use $map and $objectToArray to return the keys.
let allTopLevelKeys = [
{
"$group": {
"_id": null,
"array": {
"$mergeObjects": "$$ROOT"
}
}
},
{
"$project": {
"keys": {
"$map": {
"input": { "$objectToArray": "$array" },
"in": "$$this.k"
}
}
}
}
];
Now if we have a nested documents and want to get the keys as well, this is doable. For simplicity, let consider a document with simple embedded document that look like this:
{field1: {field2: "abc"}, field3: "def"}
{field1: {field3: "abc"}, field4: "def"}
The following pipeline yield all keys (field1, field2, field3, field4).
let allFistSecondLevelKeys = [
{
"$group": {
"_id": null,
"array": {
"$mergeObjects": "$$ROOT"
}
}
},
{
"$project": {
"keys": {
"$setUnion": [
{
"$map": {
"input": {
"$reduce": {
"input": {
"$map": {
"input": {
"$objectToArray": "$array"
},
"in": {
"$cond": [
{
"$eq": [
{
"$type": "$$this.v"
},
"object"
]
},
{
"$objectToArray": "$$this.v"
},
[
"$$this"
]
]
}
}
},
"initialValue": [
],
"in": {
"$concatArrays": [
"$$this",
"$$value"
]
}
}
},
"in": "$$this.k"
}
}
]
}
}
}
]
With a little effort, we can get the key for all subdocument in an array field where the elements are object as well.
This works fine for me:
var arrayOfFieldNames = [];
var items = db.NAMECOLLECTION.find();
while(items.hasNext()) {
var item = items.next();
for(var index in item) {
arrayOfFieldNames[index] = index;
}
}
for (var index in arrayOfFieldNames) {
print(index);
}
Maybe slightly off-topic, but you can recursively pretty-print all keys/fields of an object:
function _printFields(item, level) {
if ((typeof item) != "object") {
return
}
for (var index in item) {
print(" ".repeat(level * 4) + index)
if ((typeof item[index]) == "object") {
_printFields(item[index], level + 1)
}
}
}
function printFields(item) {
_printFields(item, 0)
}
Useful when all objects in a collection has the same structure.
To get a list of all the keys minus _id, consider running the following aggregate pipeline:
var keys = db.collection.aggregate([
{ "$project": {
"hashmaps": { "$objectToArray": "$$ROOT" }
} },
{ "$group": {
"_id": null,
"fields": { "$addToSet": "$hashmaps.k" }
} },
{ "$project": {
"keys": {
"$setDifference": [
{
"$reduce": {
"input": "$fields",
"initialValue": [],
"in": { "$setUnion" : ["$$value", "$$this"] }
}
},
["_id"]
]
}
}
}
]).toArray()[0]["keys"];
I know I am late to the party, but if you want a quick solution in python finding all keys (even the nested ones) you could do with a recursive function:
def get_keys(dl, keys=None):
keys = keys or []
if isinstance(dl, dict):
keys += dl.keys()
list(map(lambda x: get_keys(x, keys), dl.values()))
elif isinstance(dl, list):
list(map(lambda x: get_keys(x, keys), dl))
return list(set(keys))
and use it like:
dl = db.things.find_one({})
get_keys(dl)
if your documents do not have identical keys you can do:
dl = db.things.find({})
list(set(list(map(get_keys, dl))[0]))
but this solution can for sure be optimized.
Generally this solution is basically solving finding keys in nested dicts, so this is not mongodb specific.
Based on #Wolkenarchitekt answer: https://stackoverflow.com/a/48117846/8808983, I write a script that can find patterns in all keys in the db and I think it can help others reading this thread:
"""
Python 3
This script get list of patterns and print the collections that contains fields with this patterns.
"""
import argparse
import pymongo
from bson import Code
# initialize mongo connection:
def get_db():
client = pymongo.MongoClient("172.17.0.2")
db = client["Data"]
return db
def get_commandline_options():
description = "To run use: python db_fields_pattern_finder.py -p <list_of_patterns>"
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=description)
parser.add_argument('-p', '--patterns', nargs="+", help='List of patterns to look for in the db.', required=True)
return parser.parse_args()
def report_matching_fields(relevant_fields_by_collection):
print("Matches:")
for collection_name in relevant_fields_by_collection:
if relevant_fields_by_collection[collection_name]:
print(f"{collection_name}: {relevant_fields_by_collection[collection_name]}")
# pprint(relevant_fields_by_collection)
def get_collections_names(db):
"""
:param pymongo.database.Database db:
:return list: collections names
"""
return db.list_collection_names()
def get_keys(db, collection):
"""
See: https://stackoverflow.com/a/48117846/8808983
:param db:
:param collection:
:return:
"""
map = Code("function() { for (var key in this) { emit(key, null); } }")
reduce = Code("function(key, stuff) { return null; }")
result = db[collection].map_reduce(map, reduce, "myresults")
return result.distinct('_id')
def get_fields(db, collection_names):
fields_by_collections = {}
for collection_name in collection_names:
fields_by_collections[collection_name] = get_keys(db, collection_name)
return fields_by_collections
def get_matches_fields(fields_by_collections, patterns):
relevant_fields_by_collection = {}
for collection_name in fields_by_collections:
relevant_fields = [field for field in fields_by_collections[collection_name] if
[pattern for pattern in patterns if
pattern in field]]
relevant_fields_by_collection[collection_name] = relevant_fields
return relevant_fields_by_collection
def main(patterns):
"""
:param list patterns: List of strings to look for in the db.
"""
db = get_db()
collection_names = get_collections_names(db)
fields_by_collections = get_fields(db, collection_names)
relevant_fields_by_collection = get_matches_fields(fields_by_collections, patterns)
report_matching_fields(relevant_fields_by_collection)
if __name__ == '__main__':
args = get_commandline_options()
main(args.patterns)
As per the mongoldb documentation, a combination of distinct
Finds the distinct values for a specified field across a single collection or view and returns the results in an array.
and indexes collection operations are what would return all possible values for a given key, or index:
Returns an array that holds a list of documents that identify and describe the existing indexes on the collection
So in a given method one could do use a method like the following one, in order to query a collection for all it's registered indexes, and return, say an object with the indexes for keys (this example uses async/await for NodeJS, but obviously you could use any other asynchronous approach):
async function GetFor(collection, index) {
let currentIndexes;
let indexNames = [];
let final = {};
let vals = [];
try {
currentIndexes = await collection.indexes();
await ParseIndexes();
//Check if a specific index was queried, otherwise, iterate for all existing indexes
if (index && typeof index === "string") return await ParseFor(index, indexNames);
await ParseDoc(indexNames);
await Promise.all(vals);
return final;
} catch (e) {
throw e;
}
function ParseIndexes() {
return new Promise(function (result) {
let err;
for (let ind in currentIndexes) {
let index = currentIndexes[ind];
if (!index) {
err = "No Key For Index "+index; break;
}
let Name = Object.keys(index.key);
if (Name.length === 0) {
err = "No Name For Index"; break;
}
indexNames.push(Name[0]);
}
return result(err ? Promise.reject(err) : Promise.resolve());
})
}
async function ParseFor(index, inDoc) {
if (inDoc.indexOf(index) === -1) throw "No Such Index In Collection";
try {
await DistinctFor(index);
return final;
} catch (e) {
throw e
}
}
function ParseDoc(doc) {
return new Promise(function (result) {
let err;
for (let index in doc) {
let key = doc[index];
if (!key) {
err = "No Key For Index "+index; break;
}
vals.push(new Promise(function (pushed) {
DistinctFor(key)
.then(pushed)
.catch(function (err) {
return pushed(Promise.resolve());
})
}))
}
return result(err ? Promise.reject(err) : Promise.resolve());
})
}
async function DistinctFor(key) {
if (!key) throw "Key Is Undefined";
try {
final[key] = await collection.distinct(key);
} catch (e) {
final[key] = 'failed';
throw e;
}
}
}
So querying a collection with the basic _id index, would return the following (test collection only has one document at the time of the test):
Mongo.MongoClient.connect(url, function (err, client) {
assert.equal(null, err);
let collection = client.db('my db').collection('the targeted collection');
GetFor(collection, '_id')
.then(function () {
//returns
// { _id: [ 5ae901e77e322342de1fb701 ] }
})
.catch(function (err) {
//manage your error..
})
});
Mind you, this uses methods native to the NodeJS Driver. As some other answers have suggested, there are other approaches, such as the aggregate framework. I personally find this approach more flexible, as you can easily create and fine-tune how to return the results. Obviously, this only addresses top-level attributes, not nested ones.
Also, to guarantee that all documents are represented should there be secondary indexes (other than the main _id one), those indexes should be set as required.
We can achieve this by Using mongo js file. Add below code in your getCollectionName.js file and run js file in the console of Linux as given below :
mongo --host 192.168.1.135 getCollectionName.js
db_set = connect("192.168.1.135:27017/database_set_name"); // for Local testing
// db_set.auth("username_of_db", "password_of_db"); // if required
db_set.getMongo().setSlaveOk();
var collectionArray = db_set.getCollectionNames();
collectionArray.forEach(function(collectionName){
if ( collectionName == 'system.indexes' || collectionName == 'system.profile' || collectionName == 'system.users' ) {
return;
}
print("\nCollection Name = "+collectionName);
print("All Fields :\n");
var arrayOfFieldNames = [];
var items = db_set[collectionName].find();
// var items = db_set[collectionName].find().sort({'_id':-1}).limit(100); // if you want fast & scan only last 100 records of each collection
while(items.hasNext()) {
var item = items.next();
for(var index in item) {
arrayOfFieldNames[index] = index;
}
}
for (var index in arrayOfFieldNames) {
print(index);
}
});
quit();
Thanks #ackuser
Following the thread from #James Cropcho's answer, I landed on the following which I found to be super easy to use. It is a binary tool, which is exactly what I was looking for:
mongoeye.
Using this tool it took about 2 minutes to get my schema exported from command line.
I know this question is 10 years old but there is no C# solution and this took me hours to figure out. I'm using the .NET driver and System.Linq to return a list of the keys.
var map = new BsonJavaScript("function() { for (var key in this) { emit(key, null); } }");
var reduce = new BsonJavaScript("function(key, stuff) { return null; }");
var options = new MapReduceOptions<BsonDocument, BsonDocument>();
var result = await collection.MapReduceAsync(map, reduce, options);
var list = result.ToEnumerable().Select(item => item["_id"].ToString());
This one lines extracts all keys from a collection into a comma separated sorted string:
db.<collection>.find().map((x) => Object.keys(x)).reduce((a, e) => {for (el of e) { if(!a.includes(el)) { a.push(el) } }; return a}, []).sort((a, b) => a.toLowerCase() > b.toLowerCase()).join(", ")
The result of this query typically looks like this:
_class, _id, address, city, companyName, country, emailId, firstName, isAssigned, isLoggedIn, lastLoggedIn, lastName, location, mobile, printName, roleName, route, state, status, token
I extended Carlos LM's solution a bit so it's more detailed.
Example of a schema:
var schema = {
_id: 123,
id: 12,
t: 'title',
p: 4.5,
ls: [{
l: 'lemma',
p: {
pp: 8.9
}
},
{
l: 'lemma2',
p: {
pp: 8.3
}
}
]
};
Type into the console:
var schemafy = function(schema, i, limit) {
var i = (typeof i !== 'undefined') ? i : 1;
var limit = (typeof limit !== 'undefined') ? limit : false;
var type = '';
var array = false;
for (key in schema) {
type = typeof schema[key];
array = (schema[key] instanceof Array) ? true : false;
if (type === 'object') {
print(Array(i).join(' ') + key+' <'+((array) ? 'array' : type)+'>:');
schemafy(schema[key], i+1, array);
} else {
print(Array(i).join(' ') + key+' <'+type+'>');
}
if (limit) {
break;
}
}
}
Run:
schemafy(db.collection.findOne());
Output
_id <number>
id <number>
t <string>
p <number>
ls <object>:
0 <object>:
l <string>
p <object>:
pp <number>
I was trying to write in nodejs and finally came up with this:
db.collection('collectionName').mapReduce(
function() {
for (var key in this) {
emit(key, null);
}
},
function(key, stuff) {
return null;
}, {
"out": "allFieldNames"
},
function(err, results) {
var fields = db.collection('allFieldNames').distinct('_id');
fields
.then(function(data) {
var finalData = {
"status": "success",
"fields": data
};
res.send(finalData);
delteCollection(db, 'allFieldNames');
})
.catch(function(err) {
res.send(err);
delteCollection(db, 'allFieldNames');
});
});
After reading the newly created collection "allFieldNames", delete it.
db.collection("allFieldNames").remove({}, function (err,result) {
db.close();
return;
});
I have 1 simpler work around...
What you can do is while inserting data/document into your main collection "things" you must insert the attributes in 1 separate collection lets say "things_attributes".
so every time you insert in "things", you do get from "things_attributes" compare values of that document with your new document keys if any new key present append it in that document and again re-insert it.
So things_attributes will have only 1 document of unique keys which you can easily get when ever you require by using findOne()
I currently have a user object, which has a currentRoom() method on it, which might sometimes not exist or return null.
If the currentRoom() method returns something, I then need to call a messages() method on that. If nothing is returned from either, I’d like to return a default empty array [].
I’d like to tackle this functionally using Ramda, so it’s neat and reusable. Currently, my (non Ramda) code looks like this:
const user = Users.findOne({ username: params.id })
const room = (user.currentRoom && user.currentRoom() || {})
const messages = (room.messages && room.messages() || [])
Some kind of logic I was thinking was to pass in the list of required methods, along with the default result if nothing comes out of it.
/* getMessages(defaultIfNull, methodsArray, object) */
getMessages([], ['currentRoom', 'messages'], user)
Basically something a bit similar to pathOr, but for methods on objects.
I guess I'd use the List monad like an Option:
const getRoom = user => "currentRoom" in user ? [user.currentRoom()] : [];
const getMessages = room => "messages" in room ? room.messages() : [];
const allTogether = R.compose(R.chain(getMessage), R.chain(getRoom), R.of);
console.log(allTogether(Users.findOne({ username: params.id })));
You can use a point-free solution using just Ramda. First, we define a withDefaults function which will set up currentRoom and messages methods in objects which these methods are undefined.
var withDefaults = R.pipe(
// if don't have `currentRom` add a
// `currentRom` function that returns an empty object
R.unless(
R.hasIn('currentRoom'),
R.assoc('currentRoom',
R.always({}))),
// if don't have `messages` add a
// `messages` function that returns an empty array
R.unless(
R.hasIn('messages'),
R.assoc('messages',
R.always([]))))
This function filters the object setting up methods if needed. Usage example.
var user = withDefaults(getById(id))
Next, define a getter functions to get rooms and messages from objects. invoker is the central piece of this snipet, it returns a function that invokes a method. See http://ramdajs.com/docs/#invoker
var getCurrentRoom = R.invoker(0, 'currentRoom')
var getMessages = R.invoker(0, 'messages')
Above code can be used as following.
var userWithRoom = withDefaults({
currentRoom : function () {
return {
number : '123'
}
}
})
var userWithMessages = withDefaults({
messages : function () {
return [
'get lunch'
]
}
})
var userWithAll = withDefaults({
currentRoom : function () {
return {
number : '123'
}
},
messages : function () {
return [
'get lunch'
]
}
})
var userWithNone = withDefaults({})
All together
var withDefaults = R.pipe(
R.unless(
R.hasIn('currentRoom'),
R.assoc('currentRoom',
R.always({}))),
R.unless(
R.hasIn('messages'),
R.assoc('messages',
R.always([]))))
var getCurrentRoom = R.invoker(0, 'currentRoom')
var getMessages = R.invoker(0, 'messages')
// examples
var userWithRoom = withDefaults({
currentRoom : function () {
return {
number : '123'
}
}
})
var userWithMessages = withDefaults({
messages : function () {
return [
'get lunch'
]
}
})
var userWithAll = withDefaults({
currentRoom : function () {
return {
number : '123'
}
},
messages : function () {
return [
'get lunch'
]
}
})
Now lets test above code using console.log to see if our solution works as expected
console.log(getCurrentRoom(userWithRoom))
console.log(getCurrentRoom(userWithMessages))
console.log(getCurrentRoom(userWithAll))
console.log(getCurrentRoom(userWithNone))
console.log('---')
console.log(getMessages(userWithRoom))
console.log(getMessages(userWithMessages))
console.log(getMessages(userWithAll))
console.log(getMessages(userWithNone))
The output should be:
{ number: '123' }
{}
{ number: '123' }
{}
---
[]
[ 'get lunch' ]
[ 'get lunch' ]
[]
How can i find data that is related to the already known data?
( I'm a newb. )
For example here is my json :
[
{ "id": "1", "log": "1","pass": "1111" },
{ "id": 2, "log": "2","pass": "2222" },
{ "id": 3, "log": "3","pass": "3333" }
]
Now i know that "log" is 1 and i want to find out the data "pass" that is related to it.
i've tried to do it so :
The POST request comes with log and pass data , i search the .json file for the same log value and if there is the same data then i search for related pass
fs.readFile("file.json", "utf8", function (err, data) {
var jsonFileArr = [];
jsonFileArr = JSON.parse(data); // Parse .json objekts
var log = loginData.log; // The 'log' data that comes with POST request
/* Search through .json file for the same data*/
var gibtLog = jsonFileArr.some(function (obj) {
return obj.log == log;
});
if (gotLog) { // If there is the same 'log'
var pass = loginData.pass; // The 'pass' data that comes with POST request
var gotPass = jsonFileArr.some(function (obj) {
// How to change this part ?
return obj.pass == pass;
});
}
else
console.log("error");
});
The problem is that when i use
var gotPass = jsonFileArr.some(function (obj) {
return obj.pass == pass;
});
it searches through the whole .json file and not through only one objekt.
Your main problem is that .some() returns a boolean, whether any of the elements match your predicate or not, but not the element itself.
You want .find() (which will find and return the first element matching the predicate):
const myItem = myArray.find(item => item.log === "1"); // the first matching item
console.log(myItem.pass); // "1111"
Note that it is possible for .find() to not find anything, in which case it returns undefined.
The .some() method returns a boolean that just tells you whether there is at least one item in the array that matches the criteria, it doesn't return the matching item(s). Try .filter() instead:
var jsonFileArr = JSON.parse(data);
var log = loginData.log;
var matchingItems = jsonFileArr.filter(function (obj) {
return obj.log == log;
});
if (matchingItems.length > 0) { // Was at least 1 found?
var pass = matchingItems[0].pass; // The 'pass' data that comes with the first match
} else
console.log("error"); // no matches
Using ES6 Array#find is probably the easiest, but you could also do (among other things)
const x = [{
"id": "1",
"log": "1",
"pass": "1111"
}, {
"id": 2,
"log": "2",
"pass": "2222"
}, {
"id": 3,
"log": "3",
"pass": "3333"
}];
let myItem;
for (let item of x) {
if (item.log === '1') {
myItem = item;
break;
}
}
console.log(myItem);