Develop Reference

Error: [PrivateRoute] is not a <Route> component. All component children of <Routes> must be a <Route> or <React.Fragment>

I'm using React Router v6 and am creating private routes for my application.
In file PrivateRoute.js, I've the code
import React from 'react';
import {Route,Navigate} from "react-router-dom";
import {isauth} from 'auth'
function PrivateRoute({ element, path }) {
const authed = isauth() // isauth() returns true or false based on localStorage
const ele = authed === true ? element : <Navigate to="/Home" />;
return <Route path={path} element={ele} />;
}
export default PrivateRoute
And in file route.js I've written as:
...
<PrivateRoute exact path="/" element={<Dashboard/>}/>
<Route exact path="/home" element={<Home/>}/>
I've gone through the same example React-router Auth Example - StackBlitz, file App.tsx
Is there something I'm missing?

I ran into the same issue today and came up with the following solution based on this very helpful article by Andrew Luca
In PrivateRoute.js:
import React from 'react';
import { Navigate, Outlet } from 'react-router-dom';
const PrivateRoute = () => {
const auth = null; // determine if authorized, from context or however you're doing it
// If authorized, return an outlet that will render child elements
// If not, return element that will navigate to login page
return auth ? <Outlet /> : <Navigate to="/login" />;
}
In App.js (I've left in some other pages as examples):
import './App.css';
import React, {Fragment} from 'react';
import {BrowserRouter as Router, Route, Routes} from 'react-router-dom';
import Navbar from './components/layout/Navbar';
import Home from './components/pages/Home';
import Register from './components/auth/Register'
import Login from './components/auth/Login';
import PrivateRoute from './components/routing/PrivateRoute';
const App = () => {
return (
<Router>
<Fragment>
<Navbar/>
<Routes>
<Route exact path='/' element={<PrivateRoute/>}>
<Route exact path='/' element={<Home/>}/>
</Route>
<Route exact path='/register' element={<Register/>}/>
<Route exact path='/login' element={<Login/>}/>
</Routes>
</Fragment>
</Router>
);
}
In the above routing, this is the private route:
<Route exact path='/' element={<PrivateRoute/>}>
<Route exact path='/' element={<Home/>}/>
</Route>
If authorization is successful, the element will show. Otherwise, it will navigate to the login page.

Only Route components can be a child of Routes. If you follow the v6 docs then you'll see the authentication pattern is to use a wrapper component to handle the authentication check and redirect.
function RequireAuth({ children }: { children: JSX.Element }) {
let auth = useAuth();
let location = useLocation();
if (!auth.user) {
// Redirect them to the /login page, but save the current location they were
// trying to go to when they were redirected. This allows us to send them
// along to that page after they login, which is a nicer user experience
// than dropping them off on the home page.
return <Navigate to="/login" state={{ from: location }} />;
}
return children;
}
...
<Route
path="/protected"
element={
<RequireAuth>
<ProtectedPage />
</RequireAuth>
}
/>
The old v5 pattern of create custom Route components no longer works. An updated v6 pattern using your code/logic could look as follows:
const PrivateRoute = ({ children }) => {
const authed = isauth() // isauth() returns true or false based on localStorage
return authed ? children : <Navigate to="/Home" />;
}
And to use
<Route
path="/dashboard"
element={
<PrivateRoute>
<Dashboard />
</PrivateRoute>
}
/>

Complement to reduce lines of code, make it more readable and beautiful.
This could just be a comment but I don't have enough points, so I'll
put it as an answer.
Dallin's answer works but Drew's answer is better! And just to complete Drew's answer on aesthetics, I recommend creating a private component that takes components as props instead of children.
Very basic example of private routes file/component:
import { Navigate } from 'react-router-dom';
const Private = (Component) => {
const auth = false; //your logic
return auth ? <Component /> : <Navigate to="/login" />
}
Route file example:
<Routes>
<Route path="/home" element={<Home />} />
<Route path="/user" element={<Private Component={User} />} />
</Routes>

I know that this is not exactly the recipe on how to make PirvateRoute work, but I just wanted to mention that the new documentation recommends a slightly different approach to handle this pattern with react-router v6:
<Route path="/protected" element={<RequireAuth><ProtectedPage /></RequireAuth>} />
import { Navigate, useLocation } from "react-router";
export const RequireAuth: React.FC<{ children: JSX.Element }> = ({ children }) => {
let auth = useAuth();
let location = useLocation();
if (!auth.user) {
return <Navigate to="/login" state={{ from: location }} />;
}
return children;
};
And you are supposed to add more routes inside ProtectedPage itself if you need it.
See the documentation and an example for more details. Also, check this note by Michael Jackson that goes into some implementation details.

Just set your router component to element prop:
<Routes>
<Route exact path="/" element={<Home />} />
<Route path="/about" element={<About />} />
<Route path="/dashboard" element={<Dashboard />} />
</Routes>
You can also check for upgrading from v5.

Remove the PrivateRoute component from your project and use the following code in your App.js files:
import {Navigate} from "react-router-dom";
import {isauth} from 'auth'
...
<Route exact path="/home" element={<Home/>}/>
<Route exact path="/" element={isauth ? <Dashboard/> : <Navigate to="/Home" />}/>

It's 2022 and I did something like below:
// routes.tsx
import { lazy } from "react";
import { Routes, Route } from "react-router-dom";
import Private from "./Private";
import Public from "./Public";
const Home = lazy(() => import("../pages/Home/Home"));
const Signin = lazy(() => import("../pages/Signin/Signin"));
export const Router = () => {
return (
<Routes>
<Route path="/" element={Private(<Home />)} />
<Route path="/signin" element={Public(<Signin />)} />
</Routes>
);
};
// Private.tsx
import { Navigate } from "react-router-dom";
import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
function render(c: JSX.Element) {
return c;
}
const Private = (Component: JSX.Element) => {
const [hasSession, setHasSession] = useState<boolean>(false);
useEffect(() => {
(async function () {
const sessionStatus = await checkLoginSession();
setHasSession(Boolean(sessionStatus));
})();
}, [hasSession, Component]);
return hasSession ? render(Component) : <Navigate to="signin" />;
};
export default Private;
Hope this helps!

React Router v6, some syntactic sugar:
{auth && (
privateRoutes.map(route =>
<Route
path={route.path}
key={route.path}
element={auth.isAuthenticated ? <route.component /> : <Navigate to={ROUTE_WELCOME_PAGE} replace />}
/>
)
)}

I tried all answers, but it always displayed the error:
Error: [PrivateRoute] is not a component. All component children of must be a or <React.Fragment>
But I found a solution ))) -
In PrivateRoute.js file:
import React from "react"; import { Navigate } from "react-router-dom";
import {isauth} from 'auth'
const PrivateRoute = ({ children }) => {
const authed = isauth()
return authed ? children : <Navigate to={"/Home" /> };
export default ProtectedRoute;
In the route.js file:
<Route
path="/"
element={
<ProtectedRoute >
<Dashboard/>
</ProtectedRoute>
}
/>
<Route exact path="/home" element={<Home/>}/>

Children of Routes need to be Route elements, so we can change the ProtectedRoute:
export type ProtectedRouteProps = {
isAuth: boolean;
authPath: string;
outlet: JSX.Element;
};
export default function ProtectedRoute({
isAuth,
authPath,
outlet,
}: ProtectedRouteProps) {
if (isAuth) {
return outlet;
} else {
return <Navigate to={{pathname: authPath}} />;
}
}
And then use it like this:
const defaultProps: Omit<ProtectedRouteProps, 'outlet'> = {
isAuth: //check if user is authenticated,
authPath: '/login',
};
return (
<div>
<Routes>
<Route path="/" element={<ProtectedRoute {...defaultProps} outlet={<HomePage />} />} />
</Routes>
</div>
);

This is the simple way to create a private route:
import React from 'react'
import { Navigate } from 'react-router-dom'
import { useAuth } from '../../context/AuthContext'
export default function PrivateRoute({ children }) {
const { currentUser } = useAuth()
if (!currentUser) {
return <Navigate to='/login' />
}
return children;
}
Now if we want to add a private route to the Dashboard component we can apply this private route as below:
<Routes>
<Route exact path="/" element={<PrivateRoute><Dashboard /></PrivateRoute>} />
</Routes>

For longer elements
<Router>
<div>
<Navbar totalItems={cart.total_items}/>
<Routes>
<Route exact path='/'>
<Route exact path='/' element={<Products products={products} onAddToCart={handleAddToCart}/>}/>
</Route>
<Route exact path='/cart'>
<Route exact path='/cart' element={<Cart cart={cart}/>}/>
</Route>
</Routes>
</div>
</Router>

Header will stay on all page
import React from 'react';
import {
BrowserRouter,
Routes,
Route
} from "react-router-dom";
const Header = () => <h2>Header</h2>
const Dashboard = () => <h2>Dashboard</h2>
const SurveyNew = () => <h2>SurveyNew</h2>
const Landing = () => <h2>Landing</h2>
const App = () =>{
return (
<div>
<BrowserRouter>
<Header />
<Routes >
<Route exact path="/" element={<Landing />} />
<Route path="/surveys" element={<Dashboard />} />
<Route path="/surveys/new" element={<SurveyNew/>} />
</Routes>
</BrowserRouter>
</div>
);
};
export default App;

<Route path='/' element={<Navigate to="/search" />} />

You can use a function for a private route:
<Route exact path="/login" element={NotAuth(Login)} />
<Route exact path="/Register" element={NotAuth(Register)} />
function NotAuth(Component) {
if (isAuth)
return <Navigate to="/" />;
return <Component />;
}

I'm using "react-router-dom": "^6.3.0" and this is how I did mine
PrivateRoute Component and Route
import {Route} from "react-router-dom";
const PrivateRoute = ({ component: Compontent, authenticated }) => {
return authenticated ? <Compontent /> : <Navigate to="/" />;
}
<Route
path="/user/profile"
element={<PrivateRoute authenticated={true} component={Profile} />} />

For the error "[Navigate] is not a <Route> component. All component children of <Routes> must be a <Route> or <React.Fragment>", use the following method maybe solved:
DefaultPage is when no match router. Jump to the DefaultPage. Here use the <Route index element={} /> to replace the
<Navigate to={window.location.pathname + '/kanban'}/>
See Index Routes
<Routes>
<Route path={'/default'} element={<DefaultPage/>}/>
<Route path={'/second'} element={<SecondPage/>}/>
{/* <Navigate to={window.location.pathname + '/kanban'}/> */}
<Route index element={<DefaultPage/>} />
</Routes>

import { BrowserRouter as Router, Routes, Route, Link } from "react-router-dom";
function App() {
return (
<Router>
<Routes>
<Route path="/" element={<h1>home page</h1>} />
<Route path="/seacrch" element={<h1>seacrch page</h1>} />
</Routes>
</Router>
);
}
export default App;

How can I redirect in React Router v6?

I am trying to upgrade to React Router v6 (react-router-dom 6.0.1).
Here is my updated code:
import { BrowserRouter, Navigate, Route, Routes } from 'react-router-dom';
<BrowserRouter>
<Routes>
<Route path="/" element={<Home />} />
<Route path="/lab" element={<Lab />} />
<Route render={() => <Navigate to="/" />} />
</Routes>
</BrowserRouter>
The last Route is redirecting the rest of paths to /.
However, I got an error
TS2322: Type '{ render: () => Element; }' is not assignable to type 'IntrinsicAttributes & (PathRouteProps | LayoutRouteProps | IndexRouteProps)'.   Property 'render' does not exist on type 'IntrinsicAttributes & (PathRouteProps | LayoutRouteProps | IndexRouteProps)'.
However, based on the documentation, it does have render for Route. How can I use it correctly?

I think you should use the no match route approach.
Check this in the documentation: Adding a "No Match" Route
import { BrowserRouter, Navigate, Route, Routes } from 'react-router-dom';
<BrowserRouter>
<Routes>
<Route path="/" element={<Home />} />
<Route path="/lab" element={<Lab />} />
<Route
path="*"
element={<Navigate to="/" replace />}
/>
</Routes>
</BrowserRouter>
To keep the history clean, you should set replace prop. This will avoid extra redirects after the user click back.

I found another way to do this:
import { useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
let navigate = useNavigate();
useEffect(() => {
if (LoggedIn){
return navigate("/");
}
},[LoggedIn]);
See Overview, Navigation.

Create the file RequireAuth.tsx
import { useLocation, Navigate } from "react-router-dom";
import { useAuth } from "../hooks/Auth";
export function RequireAuth({ children }: { children: JSX.Element }) {
let { user } = useAuth();
let location = useLocation();
if (!user) {
return <Navigate to="/" state={{ from: location }} replace />;
} else {
return children;
}
}
Import the component to need user a private router:
import { Routes as Switch, Route } from "react-router-dom";
import { RequireAuth } from "./RequireAuth";
import { SignIn } from "../pages/SignIn";
import { Dashboard } from "../pages/Dashboard";
export function Routes() {
return (
<Switch>
<Route path="/" element={<SignIn />} />
<Route
path="/dashboard"
element={
<RequireAuth>
<Dashboard />
</RequireAuth>
}
/>
</Switch>
);
}

In version 5 of React, i.e., react-router-dom, we had the Redirect component. But in version 6 of React it is updated to the Navigate components.
We can pass replace in these components to avoid unnecessary redirects on clicking back and forward option.
Demonstration for usage is attached below:
<Route path="/" element={user ? <Home /> : <Register />} />
<Route path="/login" element={user ? <Navigate to="/" replace /> : <Login />} />
<Route path = "/register" element={user ? <Navigate to="/" replace /> : <Register />} />

FOR react-router VERSION 6
New example after editing----->(more simple easy to read)
import {BrowserRouter as Router,Routes,Route} from 'react-router-dom';
import Home from '../NavbarCompo/About';
import Contact from '../NavbarCompo/Contact';
import About from '../NavbarCompo/About';
import Login from '../NavbarCompo/Login';
import Navbar from '../Navbar/Navbar';
import Error from '../pages/error';
import Products from '../pages/products';
import Data from '../NavbarCompo/Data';
const Roter=()=>{
return (
<Router>
<Navbar />
<Routes>
<Route path='/' element={<Home />} />
<Route path='/about' element={<About />} />
<Route path='/contact' element={<Contact />} />
<Route path='/login' element={<Login />} />
<Route path='/product/:id' element={<Products />} />
<Route path='/data' element={<Data />} />
<Route path ='*' element={<Error />} />
</Routes>
</Router>
)
}
export default Roter;
Look at the example
import React from "react";
import Form from "./compo/form";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom/client";
import { createBrowserRouter, RouterProvider, Route,Routes,Navigate } from "react-router-dom";
const router = createBrowserRouter([
{
path: "/",
element: <Form />
},
{
path: "/about",
element: <h1>hola amigo,you are in about section</h1>
},
{
path:"*",
element:<Navigate to="/" replace />
}
]);
const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root"));
root.render(
<React.StrictMode>
<RouterProvider router={router}></RouterProvider>
</React.StrictMode>
);
check this out
https://reactrouter.com/en/main/start/overview

<BrowserRouter>
<Routes>
<Route path="home" element={<Home />} />
<Route path="about" element={<About />} />
<Route index element={<Navigate to="/home" replace />} />
</Routes>
</BrowserRouter>

import { useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
import { Button } from "#mui/material";
const component =()=>{
const navigate = useNavigate();
const handelGoToLogin = () => {
navigate('/auth/login')
}
return(<>
//.........
<Button onClick={handelGoToLogin} variant="outlined" color="primary" size="large" fullWidth>
Back
</Button>
</>)
}

import { useState } from "react"
import { Navigate } from "react-router-dom"
const [login, setLogin] = useState(true)
return (<>
{!login && <Navigate to="/login" />}
<>)

For class components, at the first you should make a functional component, and then use HOC technical to use useNavigate React hook.
Like this:
File withrouter.js
import {useNavigate} from 'react-router-dom';
export const withRouter = WrappedComponent => props => {
return (<WrappedComponent {...props} navigate={useNavigate()}/>);
};
Then use it in other class components like this:
export default withRouter(Signin);
And use props for redirect like this:
this.props.navigate('/');

Why you can't render from 2 JSX element?

My goal is to render <Route /> with array.map method. Right now, I am trying to pass the return value using react hook, but the problem is localhost:3000/login return <div>Login</div> while localhost:3000/dashboard return nothing.
My expected result is when I visit localhost:3000/dashboard the JSX.element return <div>Dashboard</div>
App.js
import React from "react";
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Switch, Route } from "react-router-dom";
const PublicRouteComponents = () => {
return <Route exact path="/login" render={() => <div>Login</div>} />
};
const PrivateRouteComponents = () => {
return <Route exact path="/dashboard" render={() => <div>Dashboard</div>} />
};
function App() {
return (
<Router>
<Switch>
{/* <Route exact path="/login" render={() => <div>Login</div>} />
<Route exact path="/dashboard" render={() => <div>Dashboard</div>} /> */}
<PublicRouteComponents />
<PrivateRouteComponents />
</Switch>
</Router>
);
}
export default App;
edit:
the current solution is to give up the react hook and went straight to JSX.element
function App() {
const PublicRouteComponents = PublicRoutes.map(
({restricted, component, path}, key) => <PublicRoute restricted={restricted} component={component} exact path={path} key={key} />
)
const PrivateRouteComponents = PrivateRoutes.map(
({component, path}, key) => <PrivateRoute component={component} exact path={path} key={key} />
)
return (
<Router>
<Switch>
{PublicRouteComponents}
{PrivateRouteComponents}
</Switch>
</Router>
);
}
But, my instructor told me, if you gave an expression instead of class, when the component inside {PublicRouteComponents} changes, the app will got re-rendered. Instead if you use <PublicRouteComponents />, when the class change, only <PublicRouteComponents /> will be re-rendered.
I wish to achieve that.

After playing around a bit, I found the underlying issue in your first code sample.
Basically, React router demands that the route path and the exact props to be set in the children of the Router component.
import React from "react";
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Switch, Route } from "react-router-dom";
const LoginRoute = () => {
return <Route render={() => <div>Login</div>} />;
};
const DashboardRoute = () => {
return <Route render={() => <div>Dashboard</div>} />;
};
export default function App() {
return (
<Router>
<Switch>
<DashboardRoute exact path="/dashboard" />
<LoginRoute exact path="/login" />
</Switch>
</Router>
);
}
If you move the path and exact props to the DashboardRoute and LoginRoute components, then react router is unable to match those routes.
See codesandbox

Redirect all url with # from HashRouter to BrowserRouter

I changed HashRouter to BrowserRouter and now I would like to redirect all urls to remove # from them. (Url are in e.g. mailing - so I have to do it).
I found a similar topic to this, but none of the solutions there works for me.
import { BrowserRouter } from 'react-router-dom'
class Index extends Component {
render() {
return (
<BrowserRouter>
<Switch>
<Route exact path={"/"} component={() => <HomePage />}/>
<Redirect from='/#/bus/:category' to '/bus/:category' />
<Route exact path='/bus/:category' component={BusCategory} />
</Switch>
</BrowserRouter>
)
}
}
ReactDOM.render(<Index />, document.getElementById("index"));
It's redirecting only to HomePage.
Next solution also not working:
import { BrowserRouter } from 'react-router-dom'
class Index extends Component {
render() {
const history = useHistory()
if (location.hash.startsWith('#/')) {
history.push(location.hash.replace('#', '')) // or history.replace
}
return (
<BrowserRouter>
<Switch>
<Route exact path={"/"} component={() => <HomePage />}/>
<Route exact path='/bus/:category' component={BusCategory} />
</Switch>
</BrowserRouter>
)
}
}
ReactDOM.render(<Index />, document.getElementById("index"));
and the last one also nothning :(
import { BrowserRouter } from 'react-router-dom'
class Index extends Component {
render() {
return (
<BrowserRouter>
<Switch>
<Route exact path={"/"} component={() => <HomePage />}/>
<Route exact path='/bus/:category' component={BusCategory} />
<Route path={"/bus/:category"} render={({ location }) => <Redirect strict to={location.hash.replace('#', '')} />} />
</Switch>
</BrowserRouter>
)
}
}
ReactDOM.render(<Index />, document.getElementById("index"));
I've probably already tried all the options, if anyone can help me I'll be extremely grateful.
// EDIT
now everything works, except the HomePage...
import { BrowserRouter } from 'react-router-dom'
class Index extends Component {
render() {
return (
<BrowserRouter>
<Switch>
<Route path={"/bus/:category"} render={({ location }) => <Redirect strict to={location.hash.replace('#', '')} />} />
<Route exact path={"/"} component={() => <HomePage />}/>
<Route exact path='/bus/:category' component={BusCategory} />
</Switch>
</BrowserRouter>
)
}
}
ReactDOM.render(<Index />, document.getElementById("index"));

You can use something like
import React, { useEffect } from 'react'
import { BrowserRouter, Route, useHistory, useLocation } from 'react-router-dom'
const Index = () => {
const history = useHistory()
const location = useLocation()
useEffect(() => {
if (location.hash) {
history.replace(location.hash.replace('#', ''))
}
}, [history, location.hash, location.pathname])
return (
<>
<Route exact path={'/'} render={() => <h1>Home</h1>} />
<Route
exact
path="/bus/:category"
render={({ match: { params } }) => <div>{params.category}</div>}
/>
</>
)
}
export default () => (
<BrowserRouter>
<Index />
</BrowserRouter>
)
Your previous code didn't work because <Index /> component was not the child of BrowserRouter component, because of which the location, as well as history, would be undefined.
Now if you try to visit localhost:3000/#/bus/car it would redirect to localhost:3000/bus/car.

Two points:
Why do you have to do a redirect at all? If I understand you correctly, you only used the BrowserRouter instead of the HashRouter. Exchanged, so to speak. This automatically eliminates the # and the pages "/#/bus/:category" simply no longer exist.
Is the line <Redirect from='/#/bus/:category' to '/bus/category' /> really correct? When I read this, it looks to me like you are referring to the URL "/bus/category". But actually you want something like "/bus/cars".

Authentication for a reactjs application using two private routes

My reactjs application has two types of Users namely Artist and Lovers. Some of my components are only accessible to artist and some are only accessible to lovers. So i need to implement Artist and User Routes that will help grand access only to the required User type.
And here is my Router Switch
<Switch>
<Route exact path='/' component={Home} />
<UserRoute authed={this.state.lover} path='/user-dash' component={About} />
<ArtistRoute authed={this.state.artist} path='/artist-dash' component={Contact} />
<Route path='/SignupUser' component={SignupUser} />
</Switch>
Here is my UserRoute code
import React from 'react';
import { Route, Redirect } from 'react-router-dom';
export const UserRoute = ({ component: Component, authed, ...rest }) => (
<Route {...rest} render={props => (
authed
? <Component {...props} />
: <Redirect to={{ pathname: '/', state: { from: props.location } }} />
)} />
)
I want to be able to receive the value of authed in the UserRoute passed in the switch. I do not know why authed in the UserRoute always returns false.
even when this.state.lover passed to it is true. Please what am I doing wrong.
Thanks

Route.jsx
<Switch>
<Route exact path='/' component={Home} />
<Route path='/user-dash' component={AuthCheck(About)} /> // Wrap the component with HOC
</Switch>
AuthCheck.jsx
export default function(Component) {
class AuthCheck extends Component {
render() {
if (this.props.auth.payload) {
return <Component {...this.props} /> // Component if auth is true
} else {
return <Route path='*' exact={true} component={NotFound} /> // 404 if not auth
}
}
}
function mapStateToProps(state) {
return { auth: state.auth }
}
return connect(mapStateToProps)(AuthCheck)
}
Check the above example works with redux
Make sure to import AuthCheck in the Route.jsx file