Develop Reference

How can I merge object values if they have the same key?

I have an Array full of transactions and I want to divide it by day. It will be an array of date that is and array of transations. It may be a little messy but I want to return this structure.
What I tried to do returns me the structure I want, but I don't know how to merge duplicated key values.
This is the array
const transactions = [
{
name: "Salário",
receiveDate: "2020-05-12T00:00:00.000Z",
value: "1000",
},
{
name: "Pagamento ",
receiveDate: "2020-05-12T00:00:00.000Z",
value: "2350",
},
{
name: "Passagem no VEM",
paidDate: "2020-05-02T00:00:00.000Z",
value: "130",
},
{
name: "Almoço",
paidDate: "2020-05-08T00:00:00.000Z",
value: "50",
},
];
This is what I already tried by now
const days = [];
const finalArray = [];
for (let i = 0; i < transactions.length; i++) {
transactions[i].day = transactions[i].receiveDate || transactions[i].paidDate;
days.push(transactions[i].day);
}
const datesToMatch = [...new Set(days)].map((date) => {
return { [date]: null };
});
transactions.map((transaction) => {
datesToMatch.map((dayObject) => {
const day = Object.keys(dayObject).toString();
if (day === transaction.day) {
finalArray.push({ [day]: [transaction] });
}
});
});
The output
[ { '2020-05-12T00:00:00.000Z': [ [Object] ] },
{ '2020-05-12T00:00:00.000Z': [ [Object] ] },
{ '2020-05-02T00:00:00.000Z': [ [Object] ] },
{ '2020-05-08T00:00:00.000Z': [ [Object] ] } ]
Expected output
[ { '2020-05-12T00:00:00.000Z': [ [Object, Object] ] },
{ '2020-05-02T00:00:00.000Z': [ [Object] ] },
{ '2020-05-08T00:00:00.000Z': [ [Object] ] } ]
Thanks!

Explanation:
dates : extract dates from both fields
uniqueDates : build a Set and convert it into an array so it only has uniqueDates
dateToTransactions : map every unique date to an object with one key (itself) and filter every transaction that is equal to it.
const transactions = [{
name: "Salário",
receiveDate: "2020-05-12T00:00:00.000Z",
value: "1000",
},
{
name: "Pagamento ",
receiveDate: "2020-05-12T00:00:00.000Z",
value: "2350",
},
{
name: "Passagem no VEM",
paidDate: "2020-05-02T00:00:00.000Z",
value: "130",
},
{
name: "Almoço",
paidDate: "2020-05-08T00:00:00.000Z",
value: "50",
},
];
const dates = transactions.map(x => {
const received = x.receiveDate || [];
const paid = x.paidDate || [];
return received + paid;
});
const uniqueDates = [...new Set(dates)];
const dateToTransactions =
uniqueDates.map(
date => {
sameDate = transactions.filter(x => x.receiveDate === date || x.paidDate == date);
return {[date]: sameDate};
});
console.log(dateToTransactions);

I would do something like this:
const days = [];
for (let i = 0; i < transactions.length; i++) {
transactions[i].day = transactions[i].receiveDate || transactions[i].paidDate;
days.push(transactions[i].day);
}
const result = new Map();
days.forEach((day) => {
result.set(day, [])
});
transactions.forEach((transaction) => {
let r = result.get(transaction.day);
r.push(transaction);
result.set(transaction.day, r);
});
Then, in the result map you have a list of the transactions that were made for each day.

This will give the result you expect
const days = {};
const finalArray = transactions.forEach((transaction) => {
let date = (transaction.receiveDate || transaction.paidDate)
if (!days[date]) { days[date] = [transaction]}
else {days[date].push(transaction)}
});
console.log(days);

Finding objects in a nested array along with their position

I've taken the following sample from a different question. And I am able to identify the object. But I also need to find our the position of that object. For example:
var arr = [{
Id: 1,
Categories: [{
Id: 1
},
{
Id: 2
},
]
},
{
Id: 2,
Categories: [{
Id: 100
},
{
Id: 200
},
]
}
]
If I want to find the object by the Id of the Categories, I can use the following:
var matches = [];
var needle = 100; // what to look for
arr.forEach(function(e) {
matches = matches.concat(e.Categories.filter(function(c) {
return (c.Id === needle);
}));
});
However, I also need to know the position of the object in the array. For example, if we are looking for object with Id = 100, then the above code will find the object, but how do I find that it's the second object in the main array, and the first object in the Categories array?
Thanks!

Well, if every object is unique (only in one of the categories), you can simply iterate over everything.
var arr = [{
Id: 1,
Categories: [{Id: 1},{Id: 2}]
},
{
Id: 2,
Categories: [{Id: 100},{Id: 200}]
}
];
var needle = 100;
var i = 0;
var j = 0;
arr.forEach(function(c) {
c.Categories.forEach(function(e) {
if(e.Id === needle) {
console.log("Entry is in position " + i + " of the categories and in position " + j + " in its category.");
}
j++;
});
j = 0;
i++;
});

function findInArray(needle /*object*/, haystack /*array of object*/){
let out = [];
for(let i = 0; i < haystack.lenght; i++) {
if(haystack[i].property == needle.property) {
out = {pos: i, obj: haystack[i]};
}
}
return out;
}
if you need the position and have to filter over an property of the object you can use a simple for loop. in this sample your result is an array of new object because there can be more mathches than 1 on the value of the property.
i hope it helps

Iterate over the array and set index in object where match found
var categoryGroups = [{
Id : 1,
Categories : [{
Id : 1
}, {
Id : 2
},
]
}, {
Id : 2,
Categories : [{
Id : 100
}, {
Id : 200
},
]
}
]
var filterVal = [];
var needle = 100;
for (var i = 0; i < categoryGroups.length; i++) {
var subCategory = categoryGroups[i]['Categories'];
for (var j = 0; j < subCategory.length; j++) {
if (subCategory[j]['Id'] == findId) {
filterVal.push({
catIndex : i,
subCatIndex : j,
id : needle
});
}
}
}
console.log(filterVal);

Here is solution using reduce:
var arr = [{ Id: 1, Categories: [{ Id: 1 }, { Id: 2 }, ] }, { Id: 2, Categories: [{ Id: 100 }, { Id: 200 }, ] } ]
const findPositions = (id) => arr.reduce((r,c,i) => {
let indx = c.Categories.findIndex(({Id}) => Id == id)
return indx >=0 ? {mainIndex: i, categoryIndex: indx} : r
}, {})
console.log(findPositions(100)) // {mainIndex: 1, categoryIndex: 0}
console.log(findPositions(1)) // {mainIndex: 0, categoryIndex: 0}
console.log(findPositions(200)) // {mainIndex: 1, categoryIndex: 1}
console.log(findPositions(0)) // {}

Beside the given answers with fixt depth searh, you could take an recursive approach by checking the Categories property for nested structures.
function getPath(array, target) {
var path;
array.some(({ Id, Categories = [] }) => {
var temp;
if (Id === target) {
path = [Id];
return true;
}
temp = getPath(Categories, target);
if (temp) {
path = [Id, ...temp];
return true;
}
});
return path;
}
var array = [{ Id: 1, Categories: [{ Id: 1 }, { Id: 2 },] }, { Id: 2, Categories: [{ Id: 100 }, { Id: 200 }] }];
console.log(getPath(array, 100));
.as-console-wrapper { max-height: 100% !important; top: 0; }

Summarize count of occurrences in an array of objects with Array#reduce

I want to summarize an array of objects and return the number of object occurrences in another array of objects. What is the best way to do this?
From this
var arrayOfSongs = [
{"title":"Blue","duration":161.71,"audioUrl":"/assets/music/blue","playing":false,"playedAt":"2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"},
{"title":"Blue","duration":161.71,"audioUrl":"/assets/music/blue","playing":false,"playedAt":"2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"},
{"title":"Blue","duration":161.71,"audioUrl":"/assets/music/blue","playing":false,"playedAt":"2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"},
{"title":"Green","duration":161.71,"audioUrl":"/assets/music/blue","playing":false,"playedAt":"2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"}
];
To this
var newArrayOfSongs = [
{"title": "Blue", "playCount": 3 },
{"title": "Green", "playCount": 1}
]
I have tried
arrayOfSongs.reduce(function(acc, cv) {
acc[cv.title] = (acc[cv.title] || 0) + 1;
return acc;
}, {});
}
But it returns an object:
{ "Blue": 3, "Green": 1};

You should pass the initial argument to the reduce function as an array instead of object and filter array for the existing value as below,
Working snippet:
var arrayOfSongs = [
{"title":"Blue","duration":161.71,"audioUrl":"/assets/music/blue","playing":false,"playedAt":"2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"},
{"title":"Blue","duration":161.71,"audioUrl":"/assets/music/blue","playing":false,"playedAt":"2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"},
{"title":"Blue","duration":161.71,"audioUrl":"/assets/music/blue","playing":false,"playedAt":"2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"},
{"title":"Green","duration":161.71,"audioUrl":"/assets/music/blue","playing":false,"playedAt":"2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"}
];
var newArrayOfSongs = arrayOfSongs.reduce(function(acc, cv) {
var arr = acc.filter(function(obj) {
return obj.title === cv.title;
});
if(arr.length === 0) {
acc.push({title: cv.title, playCount: 1});
} else {
arr[0].playCount += 1;
}
return acc;
}, []);
console.log(newArrayOfSongs);

To build on what you already have done, the next step is to "convert" the object to an array
var arrayOfSongs = [
{"title":"Blue","duration":161.71,"audioUrl":"/assets/music/blue","playing":false,"playedAt":"2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"},
{"title":"Blue","duration":161.71,"audioUrl":"/assets/music/blue","playing":false,"playedAt":"2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"},
{"title":"Blue","duration":161.71,"audioUrl":"/assets/music/blue","playing":false,"playedAt":"2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"},
{"title":"Green","duration":161.71,"audioUrl":"/assets/music/blue","playing":false,"playedAt":"2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"}
];
var obj = arrayOfSongs.reduce(function(acc, cv) {
acc[cv.title] = (acc[cv.title] || 0) + 1;
return acc;
}, {});
// *** added code starts here ***
var newArrayOfSongs = Object.keys(obj).map(function(title) {
return {
title: title,
playCount:obj[title]
};
});
console.log(newArrayOfSongs);

I recommend doing this in two stages. First, chunk the array by title, then map the chunks into the output you want. This will really help you in future changes. Doing this all in one pass is highly complex and will increase the chance of messing up in the future.
var arrayOfSongs = [
{"title":"Blue","duration":161.71,"audioUrl":"/assets/music/blue","playing":false,"playedAt":"2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"},
{"title":"Blue","duration":161.71,"audioUrl":"/assets/music/blue","playing":false,"playedAt":"2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"},
{"title":"Blue","duration":161.71,"audioUrl":"/assets/music/blue","playing":false,"playedAt":"2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"},
{"title":"Green","duration":161.71,"audioUrl":"/assets/music/blue","playing":false,"playedAt":"2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"}
];
function chunkByAttribute(arr, attr) {
return arr.reduce(function(acc, e) {
acc[e[attr]] = acc[e[attr]] || [];
acc[e[attr]].push(e);
return acc;
}, {});
}
var songsByTitle = chunkByAttribute(arrayOfSongs, 'title');
var formattedOutput = Object.keys(songsByTitle).map(function (title) {
return {
title: title,
playCount: songsByTitle[title].length
};
});
There, now everything is named according to what it does, everything does just one thing, and is a bit easier to follow.

https://jsfiddle.net/93e35wcq/
I used a set object to get the unique track titles, then used Array.map to splice those and return a song object that contains play count inside the track title.
The Data:
var arrayOfSongs = [{
"title": "Blue",
"duration": 161.71,
"audioUrl": "/assets/music/blue",
"playing": false,
"playedAt": "2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"
}, {
"title": "Blue",
"duration": 161.71,
"audioUrl": "/assets/music/blue",
"playing": false,
"playedAt": "2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"
}, {
"title": "Blue",
"duration": 161.71,
"audioUrl": "/assets/music/blue",
"playing": false,
"playedAt": "2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"
}, {
"title": "Green",
"duration": 161.71,
"audioUrl": "/assets/music/blue",
"playing": false,
"playedAt": "2016-12-21T22:58:55.203Z"
}];
The Function:
function getPlayCount(arrayOfSongs) {
let songObj = {};
let SongSet = new Set();
arrayOfSongs.map(obj => (SongSet.has(obj.title)) ? true : SongSet.add(obj.title));
for (let songTitle of SongSet.values()) {
songObj[songTitle] = {
playCount: 0
};
arrayOfSongs.map(obj => (obj.title === songTitle) ? songObj[songTitle].playCount++ : false)
}
return songObj;
}
console.log(getPlayCount(arrayOfSongs));
Which isn't exactly what you wanted formatting wise, but if you're married to it, this will do the trick:
function getPlayCount(arrayOfSongs) {
let songObj = {};
let SongSet = new Set();
arrayOfSongs.map(obj => (SongSet.has(obj.title)) ? true : SongSet.add(obj.title));
for (let songTitle of SongSet.values()) {
songObj[songTitle] = 0;
arrayOfSongs.map(obj => (obj.title === songTitle) ? songObj[songTitle]++ : false)
}
return songObj;
}
console.log(getPlayCount(arrayOfSongs));
https://jsfiddle.net/93e35wcq/1/

Get all possible options for a matrix in javascript

I have an 'item' object in JavaScript, and the item can have settings like
color, size, etc.
I need to get all possible combinations in an array.
So lets say we have an item that looks like this:
var newItem = {
name: 'new item',
Settings: [
{name: 'color', values: ['green', 'blue', 'red']},
{name: 'size', values: ['15', '18', '22']},
{name: 'gender',values: ['male', 'female']}
]
};
I need to somehow get this:
[
[{SettingName:'color',value:'green'},{SettingName:'size',value:'15'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'male'}],
[{SettingName:'color',value:'blue'},{SettingName:'size',value:'15'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'male'}],
[{SettingName:'color',value:'red'},{SettingName:'size',value:'15'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'male'}],
[{SettingName:'color',value:'green'},{SettingName:'size',value:'18'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'male'}],
[{SettingName:'color',value:'blue'},{SettingName:'size',value:'18'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'male'}],
[{SettingName:'color',value:'red'},{SettingName:'size',value:'18'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'male'}],
[{SettingName:'color',value:'green'},{SettingName:'size',value:'22'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'male'}],
[{SettingName:'color',value:'blue'},{SettingName:'size',value:'22'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'male'}],
[{SettingName:'color',value:'red'},{SettingName:'size',value:'22'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'male'}],
[{SettingName:'color',value:'green'},{SettingName:'size',value:'15'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'female'}],
[{SettingName:'color',value:'blue'},{SettingName:'size',value:'15'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'female'}],
[{SettingName:'color',value:'red'},{SettingName:'size',value:'15'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'female'}],
[{SettingName:'color',value:'green'},{SettingName:'size',value:'18'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'female'}],
[{SettingName:'color',value:'blue'},{SettingName:'size',value:'18'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'female'}],
[{SettingName:'color',value:'red'},{SettingName:'size',value:'18'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'female'}],
[{SettingName:'color',value:'green'},{SettingName:'size',value:'22'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'female'}],
[{SettingName:'color',value:'blue'},{SettingName:'size',value:'22'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'female'}],
[{SettingName:'color',value:'red'},{SettingName:'size',value:'22'},{SettingName:'gender',value:'female'}]
]

This can be a good interview question.
See JS Bin for running example.
getAllPermutations(newItem);
function getAllPermutations(item) {
var permutations = [];
getAllPermutations0(item, permutations, []);
console.log(permutations);
}
function getAllPermutations0(item, permutations, array) {
if (array && array.length === item.Settings.length) {
permutations.push(array.slice()); // The slice clone the array
return;
}
var index = array.length;
var setting = item.Settings[index];
for (var i = 0; i < setting.values.length; i++) {
if (index === 0)
array = [];
var currValue = setting.values[i];
array.push({
SettingName: setting.name,
value: currValue
});
getAllPermutations0(item, permutations, array);
array.pop(); // pop the old one first
}
}

Here is a none recursive solution. It takes an empty or existing settings "matrix" and a values array, and return a new matrix as a combination of existing matrix content cloned for each new value, appended with pairs of new value setting items.
[A] -> [1,2] gives [A][1][A][2]
[A][1][A][2] -> [X,Y] gives [A][1][X][A][2][Y][A][2][X][A][1][Y]
and so on
function processSettings(settings, name, values) {
if (settings.length == 0) {
values.forEach(function(value) {
settings.push( [{ SettingName: name, value: value }] )
})
} else {
var oldSettings = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(settings)), settings = [], temp, i = 0
for (i; i<values.length; i++) {
temp = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(oldSettings))
temp.forEach(function(setting) {
setting.push( { SettingName: name, value: values[i] } )
settings.push(setting)
})
}
}
return settings
}
You can now create the desired settings literal this way :
var settings = []
for (var i=0; i<newItem.Settings.length; i++) {
var item = newItem.Settings[i]
settings = processSettings(settings, item.name, item.values)
}
demo -> http://jsfiddle.net/b4ck98mf/
The above produces this :
[
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"green"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"15"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"male"}],
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"blue"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"15"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"male"}],
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"red"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"15"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"male"}],
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"green"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"18"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"male"}],
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"blue"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"18"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"male"}],
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"red"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"18"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"male"}],
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"green"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"22"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"male"}],
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"blue"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"22"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"male"}],
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"red"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"22"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"male"}],
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"green"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"15"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"female"}],
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"blue"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"15"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"female"}],
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"red"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"15"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"female"}],
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"green"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"18"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"female"}],
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"blue"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"18"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"female"}],
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"red"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"18"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"female"}],
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"green"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"22"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"female"}],
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"blue"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"22"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"female"}],
[{"SettingName":"color","value":"red"},{"SettingName":"size","value":"22"},{"SettingName":"gender","value":"female"}]
]

You can use Array.prototype.map(), for loop, while loop, Array.prototype.concat(). Iterate gender values; select each of color, size value in succession beginning at index 0 of either; iterating the furthest adjacent array from current gender, increment the index of the closest adjacent array; merge the resulting two gender arrays to form a single array containing all combinations of gender, color, size
var colors = newItem.Settings[0].values;
var sizes = newItem.Settings[1].values;
var gen = newItem.Settings[2].values;
var i = sizes.length;
var res = [].concat.apply([], gen.map(function(value, key) {
var next = -1;
var arr = [];
for (var curr = 0; curr < i; curr++) {
while (next < i - 1) {
arr.push([{
SettingName: "gender",
value: value
}, {
SettingName: "size",
value: sizes[curr]
}, {
SettingName: "color",
value: colors[++next]
}])
}
next = -1;
}
return arr
}))
var newItem = {
"name": "new item",
"Settings": [{
"name": "color",
"values": [
"green",
"blue",
"red"
]
}, {
"name": "size",
"values": [
"15",
"18",
"22"
]
}, {
"name": "gender",
"values": [
"male",
"female"
]
}]
}
var colors = newItem.Settings[0].values;
var sizes = newItem.Settings[1].values;
var gen = newItem.Settings[2].values;
var i = sizes.length;
var res = [].concat.apply([], gen.map(function(value, key) {
var next = -1;
var arr = [];
for (var curr = 0; curr < i; curr++) {
while (next < i - 1) {
arr.push([{
SettingName: "gender",
value: value
}, {
SettingName: "size",
value: sizes[curr]
}, {
SettingName: "color",
value: colors[++next]
}])
}
next = -1;
}
return arr
}))
document.querySelector("pre").textContent = JSON.stringify(res, null, 2)
<pre></pre>
plnkr http://plnkr.co/edit/C2fOJpfwOrlBwHLQ2izh?p=preview

An approach using Array.prototype.reduce(), Array.prototype.sort(), Object.keys(), for loop, while loop
var newItem = {
name: 'new item',
Settings: [
{
name: 'color',
values: ['green', 'blue', 'red']
},
{
name: 'size',
values: ['15', '18', '22']
},
{
name: 'gender',
values: ['male', 'female']
}
]
};
var props = ["SettingName", "value"];
var settings = newItem.Settings;
function p(settings, props) {
var data = settings.reduce(function(res, setting, index) {
var name = setting.name;
var obj = {};
obj[name] = setting.values;
res.push(obj);
return res.length < index ? res : res.sort(function(a, b) {
return a[Object.keys(a)[0]].length - b[Object.keys(b)[0]].length
})
}, []);
var key = data.splice(0, 1)[0];
return [].concat.apply([], key[Object.keys(key)].map(function(value, index) {
return data.reduce(function(v, k) {
var keys = [v, k].map(function(obj) {
return Object.keys(obj)[0]
});
var i = Math.max.apply(Math, [v[keys[0]].length, k[keys[1]].length]);
var next = -1;
var arr = [];
for (var curr = 0; curr < i; curr++) {
while (next < i - 1) {
var a = {};
a[props[0]] = keys[0];
a[props[1]] = v[keys[0]][++next];
var b = {};
b[props[0]] = keys[1];
b[props[1]] = k[keys[1]][next];
var c = {};
c[props[0]] = Object.keys(key)[0];
c[props[1]] = value;
arr.push([a, b, c]);
};
next = -1;
}
return arr
});
}));
}
document.querySelector("pre").textContent = JSON.stringify(
p(settings, props), null, 2
);
<pre></pre>

How to retrieve first value from Array objects into a new Array in Javascript?

I have a Javascript Array of objects as follows
var data = [
{
id: 1,
date : '1/1/2011',
todo : 'Maths'
},
{
id: 2,
date : '1/1/2012',
todo : 'Science'
} ................. and soo on
];
I want a resulting data as
var newArray = [
['1/1/2011', '1/1/2012'],
[
{
id:1,
todo: 'Maths'
},
{
id:2,
todo: 'Science'
}
]
]
How can I do that in Javascript efficiently ?

function prepare(data) {
var result = [ [], [] ];
for(var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
result[0][i] = data[i].date;
result[1][i] = { id: data[i].id, todo: data[i].todo };
}
return result;
}
var newArray = prepare(data);

try
var data = [{
id: 1,
date: '1/1/2011',
todo: 'Maths'
}, {
id: 2,
date: '1/1/2012',
todo: 'Science'
}];
var array = [];
data.forEach(function (item) {
array.push(item.date);
delete item.date;
})
data.unshift(array)
console.log(data)

I have tried. Its working
var data = [
{
id: 1,
date : '1/1/2011',
todo : 'Maths'
},
{
id: 2,
date : '1/1/2012',
todo : 'Science'
}];
var newArray=formatStr(data);
alert(JSON.stringify(newArray));
function formatStr(data){
arr1=[];
var arr2=[];
for (var i in data) {
var obj={};
obj["id"]=data[i].id;
obj["todo"]=data[i].todo;
arr1.push(data[i].date);
arr2.push(obj);
}
var result=[arr1,arr2];
return (result);
}

If you can use jQuery, then this will work:
var newArray = [[], data];
$.each(data, function(i,v) {newArray[0].push(v.date);delete v.date;});
For pure javascript, this will work:
var newArray = [[], data];
for (var i=0; i<=data.length; i++) {
typeof data[i]==="object" ? (newArray[0].push(data[i].date), delete data[i].date) : '';
}