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How to get a scrolling background inside image effect with css and js? not sure what to call it

So essentially what I am looking to do is have a section that has a solid background at some point on my page, and at the top of that a pair of sunglasses that as you begin to scroll, the reflection of the sunglasses changes from a few different images, as well as some text changes below the sunglasses to match each change in the sunglasses. Then once the final image is scrolled through, you reach a new section with different information. I am not entirely sure what this effect is called or how to achieve it, though I am guessing it will require a significant amount of jquery.
An existing website that demonstrates the effect I am trying to achieve is https://software.dakno.com/ with the phone effect in the second area down the page. (I do not own this site nor am I affiliated with the owners). I used chrome developer tools to figure out how it is working, but didn't get too far.
The site that I am working on is http://zack2171.github.io . This is an example site I am using to practice css and web design. The second section is where I am trying to get this effect to work. If someone could help me out a bit and give me some pointers, that would be great. Thanks

To achieve your goal, your definitely looking towards a mixture of jQuery and css. Most of your time will be dedicated towards the scroll position and at what pixel (Scroll distance) is covered to showing your images/text. I would start to align your image that you want in a position that is either fixed or absolute, to give you a better adjustment. Then start to play around with jQuery's Scroll Position. My personal approach would be to to detect the distance scrolled and after reaching those milestones (Half a page / 3/4 of a page) you would use jQuery to verify the position and then display those extra materials you want to show. I hope this kind of let you onto a good starting path.
Quick example, scroll down within the script below and check the console it logs!
$(window).scroll(function() {
console.log($(window).scrollTop());
})
.box {
background-color:#333;
height:5000px;
}
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div class="box"></div>

Is there a way to prevent browsers from caching values like scroll position and zoom level?

I am designing an interactive web game that takes place entirely in the browser. It uses html5, and everything (including the elements) is part of the game world. Since this is the case, I need some pretty strict control over the positioning of my elements, scroll position, zooming, etc.
One particular level requires that an element be placed off screen (just outside the viewport) so that the user must scroll the page to find it. Unfortunately, after scrolling, the page seems to record the new width of the page including the originally unseen element. When the page is refreshed, the zoom level is adjusted to fit the entire screen with the hidden element into the viewport. This gives away the puzzle and ruins the level.
I know that browsers store information like scroll position so that when a user revisits the page they can pick up right where they left off. This is great for some things, but bad for my purposes. Is there a way to prevent this caching behavior of my browsers? Is there a way to get or set the zoom level of a page using JavaScript?
Currently I am using the code below to reset the scroll position right before the user leaves the page. It works pretty well, but the user can see the page scroll right before leaving.
window.addEventListener("beforeunload",function(event_){
window.scrollTo(0,0);
/* What I would love is if there were a way to do this: */
// window.zoomTo(1.0);
/* But I'm sure that's asking for too much. */
});

I managed to fix my problem by keeping the hidden element out of the html flow all together by setting its css position property to fixed. I simulate page scrolling by changing the elements style.left value with some custom touch event handlers. The page has no need to resize or zoom with the addition of the off screen element because fixed position elements do not effect layout.
This doesn't answer my question about resetting the zoom level, however, and I would still appreciate any insight anyone may have.

Split Ajax animation

I am developing a mobile web application using jQuery and i have been requested to have each page transition into the next with an animation where the page is "split in half", then have the upper part slides up and the bottom part slides down, thus revealing the next page.
I have a small idea, but i dont seem to have the knowledge to get trough:
2 Canvas with display: none, each width width: 100%, height: 50%. - Check
Have the actual display be rendered into said canvas's - I have not the slightest of ideas.
Ajax the next page in a div below both canvas's - Check
Slide the canvas's in the respective directions - Check
Set the canvas's to display: none and restore them to their original positions - Check
Any thoughts? I'm open to use any other framework appart from jQuery, if that's the need. I am also open to change my canvas idea into something else.
EDIT:
As for clarification imagine the page to be a closet, but a vertical one so its doors (the actual page) will slide into the roof and the floor respectively (Its not the greatest of comparisons, but please bear with me) and thus let you see and interact with the content of the closet (The next page). This will go on and on until the application's workflow ends at the last screen, as there will be no back button.

I'm pretty sure I know what you want. You have multiple pages in your registration/form process and instead of having the old fadein/fadeout or sliding effects, you want the top half to slide up and the bottom half to slide down. In order to do this, I'd dump the canvas idea. I don't think that there's an easy way to do it using canvas as of right now. You could try using the html2canvas script, but it's not 100% accurate when it comes to rendering things like this.
As an alternative, I'd recommend using the following process. As a preface, make sure that every step in your form has its own container div (called something obvious like "step-wrap" or "step-container"). Then, when you begin the animation, the first thing to do is to duplicate the current step-wrap, calling it something like step-wrap-animation. Give the original wrap, step-wrap, a height of 50% and position the duplicate below the first with the same height of 50%. Both of the divs should have styling that has an overflow of hidden. Make sure, also, that you set the scrollTop of the duplicate div to scroll to the bottom so that it looks like a continuation of the first div. Everything from here should be smooth sailing.
Second, once you have everything in the first step working, start the animation process. You can do this however you want now that we have the splitting functionality figured out. Make sure that before you start splitting the two divs apart you put the next step behind the previous so that it unravels.
Essentially, what you need to do is:
Duplicate the div
Position both divs (the original and the duplicate) so that both the heights equal 50% and they look like continuations of each other
Animate the top div up, bottom div down
Here's a basic fiddle illustrating how something like this should work. Click on the rendered screen to get the animation going.

Take a look at backbone.js and marionette.js based on backbone.js.
backbone.js is MVC framework where you can define separate views. Marionette is an extension which supports regions and switching views based on whatever you want. Inside switching logic you can easily implement your transitions. Very generic answer but perhaps it will help you to get started.

How did they do those effects in http://artofflightmovie.com/?

I have been trying to understand how they did those effects in http://artofflightmovie.com/ with no success so far. I am not even sure what to google for for help. Could any one ellaborate on it and perhaps put links to plugins\tutorials\other websites doing the same thing?
There is already a similar question, but it didn't help me a bit ^^
Custom scroll bar behavior in Javascript?

All of the answers here so far are spot on and cover various pieces of the execution. Joseph's post about how we 'contained' and 'maneuvered' the site are dead-on, and those mentioning jQuery accurately depict our heavy reliance on it :)
With that said, the other concept of moving along a non-linear path was probably the most difficult part. We literally used an Illustrator file that was setup like a piece of graph paper and drew a bezier path that reflected the movement we wanted from the scrollbar. Then we 'downsampled' the path by converting the curved lines into a bunch of straight lines that represented the curve (similar to downsampling audio waveforms) to keep performance/speed high. We took those coordinates, gave them to our designer, and he created a gigantic design file and literally designed each content section at the designated 'stop' points. Next we mapped each coordinate along the path to a percentage value of the scroll position. We stored these values in a JavaScript array. Lastly we wrote some JS functions that we pipe the scroll position through to determine how to offset the positioning of the site 'container'. (It basically 'tweens' between each coordinate allowing us very fine/precise values at any given scroll percentage) The scroll functionality is handled by a tall div that basically sets our document height to force a scrollbar, and we just read it's position during a Scroll Event and slide the container around to where it should be using the above mentioned functions.
The parallax effect is achieved by applying a percentage of the position offset (what we use to move the container around) and applying it to the sub-containers of the various content sections. This makes the subcontainers move slower or faster than the background, but on the same motion path.
Lastly, the little snowboarders and helicopters (which have CSS3 rotations in addition to x,y movement in some browsers!) are positioned by using a simliar array of 'start' and 'end' positions and tweening between them based on the scroll percentage.
I'll leave it at that to keep this from turning into a book, but I'd be happy to elaborate on specifics if you're interested.
Full disclosure: I was lead developer on the site. I'm not posting to 'toot my own horn' or anything like that, just to be helpful and provide assistance to a fellow tinkerer. I come here a lot to dig through and get insight from others. (many, many thanks to those who have helped us!) Also, shameless plug, but the film is breath-taking... go rent it if you haven't yet, you won't be sorry. :)

That's a pretty cool website ;)
Basically using some javascript you can detect how far a person has scrolled. Considering the amount of scrolling you can move the contents of your webpage around if their position is absolute.
There are a couple of jQuery plugins that allow you to do simular stuff although I'm not sure you can "scroll through" a sequence of coordinates.
Here are a couple of jQuery plugins that helps you get simular effects:
http://johnpolacek.github.com/scrolldeck.js/
http://johnpolacek.github.com/scrollorama/
http://demos.flesler.com/jquery/scrollTo
http://webdev.stephband.info/parallax.html
I just picked a couple I'm familiar with but there are many plugins that are alike.
edit:
Decided to add some more simular websites for your pleasure.
http://www.activatedrinks.com
http://www.beetle.de
http://www.nikebetterworld.com

the whole page is an "overlay" - a full width and height wrapper <div>. sort of how modal windows do their "full page shadow" effect and have a small div float inside. the whole page content is in that wrapper. the scroll path is a script. the script captures the body scroll and moves the contents of the div accordingly to the positions provided by the script. with a body long enough to be scrollable (which cannot be seen since the wrapper covers the whole page), it's as if you are scrolling sideways, upwards etc.
an analogy is a modal window. the wrapper is the full-page shade. the modal window is the content. and notice how modal windows stick to the middle? that's using a script to calculate it's position to stay in the middle by moving the modal window down, relative to the page's top. but in that website's case, they move in different directions.

It doesn't seem too complicated.
Using the .scroll(function() {}) in jQuery you listen for a scroll event. When triggered you set the position style (left, top) of the content div to give the appearance of moving sideways instead of down.
I guess you'll need overflow:none property on the div to prevent users from scrolling over the area you don't want them to see.
Sounds like a lot of effort for a clunky user interface in my opinion.

Making overlay <div> that stays in position after zoom-resize using HTML-CSS only

I my working on the site that will have image gallery. Designer idea was to make buttons that switch photos be above the photos a bit.
Like this
Example http://img57.imageshack.us/img57/1253/showq.png
Currently I've made a javascript solution to this - it gets position of photo and applies absolute positioning to the button divs. There are some drawbacks - it works unstable in Opera and IE. Also I had to make some dirty haxx to make it stay in position after zooming. I wonder if there is a better way to do this, preferably without javascript.

you mean like here ? (dutch website, see photo browser in the center column at the top)
browser zooming works fine in browsers like firefox and safari because they zoom all the content and recorrect pixel-values. To make zooming work in ie(6) you'd need to style all in em's. But browser zooming is crappy for pixel data anyways…
Absolute positioning of the buttons (left 0 and right 0) is not a problem as long as the container element is positioned relative.

If I understand you correctly, you're trying to center those arrow buttons vertically in relation to the image. This is pretty easily accomplished with just CSS (no javascript required). Here's an example.
The basic idea is that you're using a couple of divs plus some absolute/relative positioning. There's an outer div that drops the top of the whole thing to the center of the parent element and then an inner div that pulls up your content so that the content is centered and not the top of the element.

A popular technique is to split the whole image into two huge (mostly transparent) links. The left half of the photo would take you to the previous image, the right to the next.
Of course you position you images of buttons appropriately and they would move around but I assume the problem you're finding is you have to keep moving your mouse to go through lots of images as the buttons move.... Well with this idea, you only need keep your mouse near the middle, and it should remain over the photo (and therefore a direction).
Example: http://gizmodo.com/photogallery/dreamhomespshop/1008251500
Mouse-over the image and you'll see it's active the complete way across. Not quite the same as your implementation, I'm sure, but the concept applies.