Develop Reference

open div tag and close it in another place by javascript

is it possible by using JavaScript to open any tag, for example div#js and insert closing tag in any place I want, like on example below?
<div id="first"></div>
<div id="js">
<div id="second"></div>
<div id="third"></div>
</div>
<div id="fourth"></div>

If you start with:
<div id="first">1</div>
<div id="second">2</div>
<div id="third">3</div>
<div id="fourth">4</div>
and need to get this structure:
<div id="first">1</div>
<div id="js">
<div id="second">2</div>
<div id="third">3</div>
</div>
<div id="fourth">4</div>
the you can use $('#second').wrap('<div id="js"></div>').after($('#third')).
See demo below:
$('#second').wrap('<div id="js"></div>').after($('#third'));
#js {
color: blue;
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div id="first">1</div>
<div id="second">2</div>
<div id="third">3</div>
<div id="fourth">4</div>

As you've tagged your code jQuery, I'll answer it in that sense. If you're programmatically inserting a div element into the page with juery, like this:
var bodyEl = $("body");
var myJsEl = $("<div>").attr("id", "js");
bodyEl.append(myJsEl);
... As has been noted, the $("<div>") code is the functional equivalent of document.createElement("div"), which creates the code block, both opening and closing the DOM element. Thus, when I create the element by either approach, programmatically speaking, the close is not something I can control.
That said, in the "bad old days" of document.write(), we did have the option of hard-coding opening tags and neglecting to include closing tags. DON'T DO THIS! It's deprecated, it's bad form and it can create serious coding issues later.

jQuery: move the complete element into another one, but not its content only

There is the source DIV element that must appear within the target DIV.
And there is jQuery appendTo method that seems to do that for me.
For example:
<div class="source">Move Me</div>
<div class="destination"></div>
jQuery(document).ready(function(){
jQuery('.source').contents().appendTo('.destination')
});
But actually it only moves source's content into the target DIV, keeping the empty source DIV where it originally was: here is the JSFiddle that demonstrates this.
So, instead of
<div class="destination">
<div class="source">Move Me</div>
</div>
the appendTo result is just
<div class="source"></div>
<div class="destination">Move Me</div>
Is there a way to achieve
<div class="destination">
<div class="source">Move Me</div>
</div>
without extra wrapping elements?

$.contents() will grab the content of the element, but leave the element itself alone. The default behavior of $.append() and $.appendTo() is to move the entire element. So in your example, you simply need to use jQuery('.source').appendTo('.destination') and that will move .source in to .destination
jQuery('.source').appendTo('.destination')
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div class="source">Move Me</div>
<div class="destination"></div>

Just get rid of that .contents() method to move the whole element.
$('.destination').append($('.source'))
will turn
<div class="destination"></div>
<div class="source">Move Me</div>
into
<div class="destination">
<div class="source">Move Me</div>
</div>

Simply exclude .contents() in your own solution, this way:
jQuery(document).ready(function(){
jQuery('.source').appendTo('.destination')
});
Then it will move Div.source completely into Div.destination. Here is the fiddle: https://jsfiddle.net/NDFA/cur9qg2w/

First all.The Jquery's appendTo behavior is append after an element to another element. So that behavior is correct. Also append method may be you need.

jQuery Remove Closest Issues in Chrome

Noob here sorry. I'm trying to remove an ancestor when my WP loop returns an empty message with a specific class. Firefox is displaying as intended, removing the desired DOM, but Chrome is removing the targeted element and no ancestors.
Basic HTML markup:
<div id="content" class="container site-content">
<div id="primary" class="main-content">
<div id="main-box-1" class="main-box border-top">
<div class="main-box-inside">
<p class="no-modules-msg">No posts match your criteria. Please choose different options.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="main-box-2" class="main-box border-top ">
<h3 class="main-box-title">More Stuff</h3>
<div class="main-box-inside">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
And my script:
(function($) {
$("document.body").ready(function() {
$("p.no-modules-msg")
.closest(".main-box")
.remove(".main-box")
})
})(jQuery);
It's working correctly in fiddle, but not on the live site...
https://jsfiddle.net/y90gtt6t/

The reason it's not working on your site, is because the documentation is quite clear, only the document has a ready handler
jQuery(document).ready(function($) {
$("p.no-modules-msg").closest(".main-box").remove()
});
Your use of "document.body" actually looks for an element like <document class="body"></document>, which it hopefully never finds.

WayPoint Refriring after div changes

<div class="content-book-row-container">
<div id="content-book-container-inject">
<div class="content-book-row-container">when im read im read</div>
<div class="content-book-row-container">when im read im read</div>
<div class="content-book-row-container">when im read im read</div>
<div class="content-book-row-container">when im read im read</div>
</div>
<div id="content-book-row-footer"></div>
</div>
when the footer waypoint fires, even though the passed waypointrows have passed the view, they will all be re-triggered/fired off again.
How is it possible to insert new waypoints without recalling all of the previous waypoints?

This was a reply from the developer of waypoints, i thought I would share it here.
Words can be tricky for visual code problems, but I'm going to take a swing at codifying what you've described:
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="thing-container">
<div class="injected-thing">...</div>
</div>
<div class="footer"></div>
</div>
And your footer waypoint looks something like this:
$('.footer').waypoint(function(direction) {
injectNewThing();
$('.injected-thing').waypoint(function() {
alert('reached');
});
});
For the sake of simplicity, let's say injectNewThing inserts just one more injected-thing:
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="thing-container">
<div class="injected-thing">...</div>
<div class="injected-thing">...</div>
</div>
<div class="footer"></div>
</div>
The problem lies in the next line:
$('.injected-thing').waypoint(function() {
alert('reached');
});
The target, .injected-thing includes all of them. But what you really want is just a waypoint on the new ones. My suggestion is to add a class to the "things" you have already triggered the waypoint function on, and then target items that do not have that class:
$('.footer').waypoint(function(direction) {
injectNewThing();
$('.injected-thing').not('.reached').waypoint(function() {
$(this).addClass('reached');
alert('reached');
});
});
Let me know if that doesn't make sense or if I've mischaracterized the situation.

this find parent of another div and toggle its child using jQuery

I've done some research and nothing seems to be working. Here is the HTML followed by the JavaScript I am putting together. What I am trying to do is set it up so that whenever dashboard_gear_options is clicked, it toggles the appropriate hidden options row. Each block of code exists multiple times at different locations on the page. I tried using this, find, parent, next and children to no avail.
HTML:
// start block
<div class="content_block_holder">
<div class="content_top">
<div class="dashboard_gear_options"></div>
<div class="dashboard_gear_divider"></div>
</div>
<div class="dashboard_holder">
<div class="hidden_options_row"></div>
</div>
</div>
// end block
// start block
<div class="content_block_holder">
<div class="content_top">
<div class="dashboard_gear_options"></div>
<div class="dashboard_gear_divider"></div>
</div>
<div class="dashboard_holder">
<div class="hidden_options_row"></div>
</div>
</div>
// end block (etc..)
JS:
$(document).ready(function(){
$('.dashboard_gear_options').click(function(){
$(this).parent('.content_block_holder').find('.hidden_options_row').toggle();
});
});

Try using closest([selector]) ( http://api.jquery.com/closest/ ) instead of parent in your selector. It will traverse up the tree and find "content_block_holder". parent([selector]) will just check the immediate parent and return an empty set if it doesn't match the selector provided.
$(document).ready(function(){
$('.dashboard_gear_options').click(function(){
$(this).closest('.content_block_holder').find('.hidden_options_row').toggle();
});
});
JSFiddle based on your code: http://jsfiddle.net/gK7yM/

try this
$(this).closest('.content_block_holder').find('.dashboard_holder').find('.hidden_options_row').toggle();

Also this chain works:
$(this).parent().next('.dashboard_holder').children('.hidden_options_row').toggle();
or
$(this).parent().next('.dashboard_holder').find('.hidden_options_row').toggle();