A friend of mine challenged me to write a function that works with both of these scenarios
add(2,4) // 6
add(2)(4) // 6
My instinct was the write an add() function that returns itself but I'm not sure I'm heading in the right direction. This failed.
function add(num1, num2){
if (num1 && num2){
return num1 + num2;
} else {
return this;
}
}
alert(add(1)(2));
So I started reading up on functions that return other functions or return themselves.
http://davidwalsh.name/javascript-functions
JavaScript: self-calling function returns a closure. What is it for?
JavaScript: self-calling function returns a closure. What is it for?
I am going to keep trying, but if someone out there has a slick solution, I'd love to see it!
I wrote a curried function whose valueOf() method and function context (this) are bound with the sum no matter how many arguments are passed each time.
/* add function */
let add = function add(...args) {
const sum = args.reduce((acc, val) => acc + val, this);
const chain = add.bind(sum);
chain.valueOf = () => sum;
return chain;
}.bind(0);
/* tests */
console.log('add(1, 2) = ' + add(1, 2));
console.log('add(1)(2) = ' + add(1)(2));
/* even cooler stuff */
console.log('add(1, 2)(3) = ' + add(1, 2)(3));
console.log('add(1, 2, 3)(4, 5)(6) = ' + add(1, 2, 3)(4, 5)(6));
/* retains expected state */
let add7 = add(7);
console.log('let add7 = add(7)');
console.log('add7(3) = ' + add7(3));
console.log('add7(8) = ' + add7(8));
The reason why both mechanisms are required is because the body of add() must use the called function's bound context in order to access the sum of the intermediate partial application, and the call site must use the valueOf() member (either implicitly or explicitly) in order to access the final sum.
There is an article on Dr.Dobs Journal about "Currying and Partial Functions in JavaScript" which describes exactly this problem.
One solution found in this article is:
// a curried add
// accepts partial list of arguments
function add(x, y) {
if (typeof y === "undefined") { // partial
return function (y) {
return x + y;
};
}
// full application
return x + y;
}
function add(num1, num2){
if (num1 && num2) {
return num1 + num2;
} else if (num1) {
return function(num2){return num1 + num2;};
}
return 0;
}
The concept that you're looking for is called currying and it has to do with function transformation and partial function application. This is useful for when you find yourself calling the same function over and over with mostly the same arguments.
An example of implementing add(2)(6) via currying would look something like this...
function add(x,y) {
if (typeof y === 'undefined') {
return function(y) {
return x + y;
}
}
}
add(2)(4); // => 6
Additionally, you could do something like this...
var add6 = add(6);
typeof add6; // => 'function'
add6(4); // => 10
var add = function(){
// the function was called with 2 arguments
if(arguments.length > 1)
arguments.callee.first_argument = arguments[0];
// if the first argument was initialized
if(arguments.callee.first_argument){
var result = arguments.callee.first_argument + arguments[arguments.length - 1];
arguments.callee.first_argument = 0;
return result;
}else{// if the function was called with one argument only then we need to memorize it and return the same function handler
arguments.callee.first_argument = arguments.callee.first_argument || arguments[0];
return arguments.callee;
}
}
console.log(add(2)(4));
console.log(add(2, 4));
An extended solution which depends on the environment:
function add(){
add.toString = function(){
var answer = 0;
for(i = 0; i < add.params.length; i++)
answer += add.params[i];
return answer;
};
add.params = add.params || [];
for(var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++)
add.params.push(arguments[i])
return add;
}
console.log(add(2)(4)(6)(8))
console.log(add(2, 4, 6, 8));
We can use the concept of closures which is provided by Javascript.
Code snippet:
function add(a,b){
if(b !== undefined){
console.log(a + b);
return;
}
return function(b){
console.log(a + b);
}
}
add(2,3);
add(2)(3);
In general you need to have an agreement whether the function should return a function (for calling with more arguments) or the end result. Imagine the add function would have to work like this as well:
add(1, 2, 3)(4, 5) // -> 15
...then it becomes ambiguous, because you might want to call again:
add(1, 2, 3)(4, 5)(6) // -> 21
...and so add(1, 2, 3)(4, 5) should have returned a function, and not 15.
You could for instance agree that you have to call the function again, but without arguments, in order to get the numeric result:
function add(...args) {
if (args.length === 0) return 0;
let sum = args.reduce((a, b) => a+b, 0);
return (...args) => args.length ? add(sum, ...args) : sum;
}
console.log(add()); // 0
console.log(add(1,2,3)()); // 6
console.log(add(1,2,3)(4,5)()); // 15
console.log(add(1,2,3)(4,5)(6)()); // 21
One may think that he/she has to invoke the same function two times, but if you think deeply you will realize that the problem is pretty straight forward, you have to invoke the add function one time then you need to invoke what ever the add function returns.
function add(a){
return function(b){
return a+b;
}
}
console.log(add(20)(20));
//output: 40
you can return function as many as time you want. suppose for y = mx+c
const y= function (m){
return function(x){
return function (c){
return m*x+c
}
}
}
console.log(y(10)(5)(10));
//out put: 60
I have a huge business logic to be executed in both of the below functions but I struck in one issue. I know its related to closure but how to solve I am not aware of. Can you through some light.
function func1() {
var x = false;
console.log('before going inside func '+x);
func2(x);
console.log('After coming outside => '+x);
//Instead of true its displaying false
}
function func2(x)
{
x = true;
console.log('inside func => '+ x);
}
func1();
My original problem is like below
function func1() {
var x = false;
var y =1;
var z=3;
func2(x,y,z);
console.log(x,y,z);
//INSTEAD OF true,10,30; its displaying false,1,3
}
function func2(x,y,z)
{
x = true;
y=10;
z=30;
}
func1();
The x parameter of func2 is completely distinct from the x variable in func1. When you do func2(x), the value of x is passed to func2, not some kind of reference to the variable. (Some languages do that; JavaScript does not.)
To return information out of a function, use return in the function, and use the function's return value where you call it:
function func1() {
var x = false;
console.log('before ' + x);
x = func2(x); // *** Note `x =`
console.log('after ' + x);
}
function func2(x) {
return true;
}
func1();
Perhaps a better example, using the value of x in func2:
function func1() {
var a = 1;
var b = 12;
console.log('a before: ' + a);
a = func2(a);
console.log('a after: ' + a);
console.log('b before: ' + b);
b = func2(b);
console.log('b after: ' + b);
}
function func2(x) {
return x * 2;
}
func1();
If you have complex information to return, return an object with properties for the complex information (or pass in an object, and have func2 fill in properties on it, it depends on the use case [and whether you're adhering to immutability paradigms]).
When I read about curry function, I think it's hard to create a recursion for building nested function. Then I take a look at ramda's implementation, it's
true that to create an curried function with arbitrary number of arguments. Then,
why not building it with string like this:
function curry(fn, arity) {
arity = typeof arity === 'undefined' ? fn.length : arity
if (arity < 1) {
return fn
}
function build(n, space = 2, args = []) {
if (n < 1) {
args = args.map(arg => 'a' + arg)
return `fn(${args.join(', ')})`
} else {
return `function (a${n}) {\n${' '.repeat(space)}` +
`return ${build(n - 1, space + 2, args.concat(n))}\n` +
`${' '.repeat(space - 2)}}`
}
}
const curryCreator = new Function('fn', 'return ' + build(arity))
return curryCreator(fn)
}
It can be used like this:
function sum5(a, b, c, d, e) {
return a + b + c + d + e
}
const sum = curry(sum5)
Which will produce this:
function (a5) {
return function (a4) {
return function (a3) {
return function (a2) {
return function (a1) {
return fn(a5, a4, a3, a2, a1)
}
}
}
}
}
How bad it can be to use new Function for this functionality?
The use case is just to generate a function and argument placeholder like
in the example above. My question is more specific than this which
addresses the generic use case of eval or new Function. As you can see
in my example, it's a private function which is won't be called in another
place.
I'm having a hard time figuring out how to make a function and call it from another function as a callback. My code below has been butchered up for troubleshooting, but I was attempting to name as many of my functions as possible to make it cleaner. I have had some success by un-naming the functions and making them all anonymous inline.
I'm specifically confused by the declaration of variables inside the parenthesis of the function definition.
function pickRnd (err, res, pullQuestions) {
var i = 0;
var qSelects = new Array();
qSelects.k1 = Math.floor(Math.random() * res.n);
qSelects.k2 = Math.floor(Math.random() * res.n);
while ( qSelects.k2 == qSelects.k1 ) {
qSelects.k2 = Math.floor(Math.random() * res.n);
i++;
if (i == 20) {break;}
}
qSelects.k3 = Math.floor(Math.random() * res.n);
while ( qSelects.k3 == qSelects.k2 || qSelects.k3 == qSelects.k1 ) {
qSelects.k3 = Math.floor(Math.random() * res.n);
i++;
if (i == 40) {break;}
}
console.log('::' + qSelects.k1);
console.log('::' + qSelects.k2);
console.log('::' + qSelects.k3);
function pullQuestions(qSelects) {
console.log('function pullQuestions start');
var qArray = new Object();
db.records.findOne({}).skip(qSelects.k1, function(err, result) {
qArray.push(result);
});
db.records.findOne({}).skip(qSelects.k2, function(err, result) {
qArray.push(result);
});
db.records.findOne({}).skip(qSelects.k3, function(err, result) {
qArray.push(result);
});
console.log('2' + qArray);
};
}
module.exports = function(res) {
console.log(res);
db.records.runCommand('count', function (err, res) {
console.log(res);
console.log(res.n);
pickRnd(null, res);
});
}
You've declared a third argument to pickRnd and called it pullQuestions. But in your pickRnd body, you've also declared a function with the name pullQuestions.
When you call pickRnd, you aren't passing it three arguments, which suggests you don't want to list that third argument in the pickRnd arguments list.
But you don't actually call pullQuestions anywhere in your pickRnd function, so it doesn't make sense to declare it there.
I'm specifically confused by the declaration of variables inside the parenthesis of the function definition.
Those aren't variables, though they're similar to variables. They're arguments. They're things the function expects to receive from its caller when it's called. Simpler example:
function foo(a) {
console.log("a = " + a);
}
foo expects to receive an argument when you call it. foo will refer to that argument using the name a. So during this call:
foo(42);
...in the foo code, a will be 42.
In contrast, variables are normally internal to the function. For instance:
function foo(a) {
var b;
b = a * 2;
console.log("a = " + a);
console.log("b = " + b);
}
Now, foo expects to receive a single argument, which it calls a, and separately foo declares a local variable b that it will use internally.
Regarding calling named functions and/or callbacks, perhaps another simple example will help: Let's assume we have foo and foo will call a callback function we pass into it:
function foo(count, callback) {
var n;
for (n = 0; n < count; ++n) {
callback(n);
}
}
If we call foo, it will call the callback we give it count times with a number starting at 0 and increasing by one each time. So here's an anonymous function as a callback:
foo(5, function(x) {
console.log(x);
});
function foo(count, callback) {
var n;
for (n = 0; n < count; ++n) {
callback(n);
}
}
foo(5, function(x) {
snippet.log(x);
});
<!-- Script provides the `snippet` object, see http://meta.stackexchange.com/a/242144/134069 -->
<script src="http://tjcrowder.github.io/simple-snippets-console/snippet.js"></script>
Here's an example of a named function, bar, as the callback:
function bar(x) {
console.log(x);
}
foo(5, bar);
function foo(count, callback) {
var n;
for (n = 0; n < count; ++n) {
callback(n);
}
}
function bar(x) {
snippet.log(x);
}
foo(5, bar);
<!-- Script provides the `snippet` object, see http://meta.stackexchange.com/a/242144/134069 -->
<script src="http://tjcrowder.github.io/simple-snippets-console/snippet.js"></script>
I want to make this syntax possible:
var a = add(2)(3); //5
based on what I read at http://dmitry.baranovskiy.com/post/31797647
I've got no clue how to make it possible.
You need add to be a function that takes an argument and returns a function that takes an argument that adds the argument to add and itself.
var add = function(x) {
return function(y) { return x + y; };
}
function add(x) {
return function(y) {
return x + y;
};
}
Ah, the beauty of JavaScript
This syntax is pretty neat as well
function add(x) {
return function(y) {
if (typeof y !== 'undefined') {
x = x + y;
return arguments.callee;
} else {
return x;
}
};
}
add(1)(2)(3)(); //6
add(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(); //6
It's about JS curring and a little strict with valueOf:
function add(n){
var addNext = function(x) {
return add(n + x);
};
addNext.valueOf = function() {
return n;
};
return addNext;
}
console.log(add(1)(2)(3)==6);//true
console.log(add(1)(2)(3)(4)==10);//true
It works like a charm with an unlimited adding chain!!
function add(x){
return function(y){
return x+y
}
}
First-class functions and closures do the job.
function add(n) {
sum = n;
const proxy = new Proxy(function a () {}, {
get (obj, key) {
return () => sum;
},
apply (receiver, ...args) {
sum += args[1][0];
return proxy;
},
});
return proxy
}
Works for everything and doesn't need the final () at the end of the function like some other solutions.
console.log(add(1)(2)(3)(10)); // 16
console.log(add(10)(10)); // 20
try this will help you in two ways add(2)(3) and add(2,3)
1.)
function add(a){ return function (b){return a+b;} }
add(2)(3) // 5
2.)
function add(a,b){
var ddd = function (b){return a+b;};
if(typeof b =='undefined'){
return ddd;
}else{
return ddd(b);
}
}
add(2)(3) // 5
add(2,3) // 5
ES6 syntax makes this nice and simple:
const add = (a, b) => a + b;
console.log(add(2, 5));
// output: 7
const add2 = a => b => a + b;
console.log(add2(2)(5));
// output: 7
Arrow functions undoubtedly make it pretty simple to get the required result:
const Sum = a => b => b ? Sum( a + b ) : a;
console.log(Sum(3)(4)(2)(5)()); //14
console.log(Sum(3)(4)(1)()); //8
This is a generalized solution which will solve add(2,3)(), add(2)(3)() or any combination like add(2,1,3)(1)(1)(2,3)(4)(4,1,1)(). Please note that few security checks are not done and it can be optimized further.
function add() {
var total = 0;
function sum(){
if( arguments.length ){
var arr = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments).sort();
total = total + arrayAdder(arr);
return sum;
}
else{
return total;
}
}
if(arguments.length) {
var arr1 = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments).sort();
var mytotal = arrayAdder(arr1);
return sum(mytotal);
}else{
return sum();
}
function arrayAdder(arr){
var x = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
x = x + arr[i];
};
return x;
}
}
add(2,3)(1)(1)(1,2,3)();
This will handle both
add(2,3) // 5
or
add(2)(3) // 5
This is an ES6 curry example...
const add = (a, b) => (b || b === 0) ? a + b : (b) => a + b;
This is concept of currying in JS.
Solution for your question is:
function add(a) {
return function(b) {
return a + b;
};
}
This can be also achieved using arrow function:
let add = a => b => a + b;
solution for add(1)(2)(5)(4)........(n)(); Using Recursion
function add(a) {
return function(b){
return b ? add(a + b) : a;
}
}
Using ES6 Arrow function Syntax:
let add = a => b => b ? add(a + b) : a;
in addition to what's already said, here's a solution with generic currying (based on http://github.com/sstephenson/prototype/blob/master/src/lang/function.js#L180)
Function.prototype.curry = function() {
if (!arguments.length) return this;
var __method = this, args = [].slice.call(arguments, 0);
return function() {
return __method.apply(this, [].concat(
[].slice.call(args, 0),
[].slice.call(arguments, 0)));
}
}
add = function(x) {
return (function (x, y) { return x + y }).curry(x)
}
console.log(add(2)(3))
Concept of CLOSURES can be used in this case.
The function "add" returns another function. The function being returned can access the variable in the parent scope (in this case variable a).
function add(a){
return function(b){
console.log(a + b);
}
}
add(2)(3);
Here is a link to understand closures http://www.w3schools.com/js/js_function_closures.asp
const add = a => b => b ? add(a+b) : a;
console.log(add(1)(2)(3)());
Or (`${a} ${b}`) for strings.
With ES6 spread ... operator and .reduce function. With that variant you will get chaining syntax but last call () is required here because function is always returned:
function add(...args) {
if (!args.length) return 0;
const result = args.reduce((accumulator, value) => accumulator + value, 0);
const sum = (...innerArgs) => {
if (innerArgs.length === 0) return result;
return add(...args, ...innerArgs);
};
return sum;
}
// it's just for fiddle output
document.getElementById('output').innerHTML = `
<br><br>add() === 0: ${add() === 0 ? 'true' : 'false, res=' + add()}
<br><br>add(1)(2)() === 3: ${add(1)(2)() === 3 ? 'true' : 'false, res=' + add(1)(2)()}
<br><br>add(1,2)() === 3: ${add(1,2)() === 3 ? 'true' : 'false, res=' + add(1,2)()}
<br><br>add(1)(1,1)() === 3: ${add(1)(1,1)() === 3 ? 'true' : 'false, res=' + add(1)(1,1)()}
<br><br>add(2,3)(1)(1)(1,2,3)() === 13: ${add(2,3)(1)(1)(1,2,3)() === 13 ? 'true' : 'false, res=' + add(2,3)(1)(1)(1,2,3)()}
`;
<div id='output'></div>
can try this also:
let sum = a => b => b ? sum(a + b) :a
console.log(sum(10)(20)(1)(32)()) //63
const sum = function (...a) {
const getSum = d => {
return d.reduce((i,j)=> i+j, 0);
};
a = getSum(a);
return function (...b) {
if (b.length) {
return sum(a + getSum(b));
}
return a;
}
};
console.log(sum(1)(2)(3)(4,5)(6)(8)())
function add(a, b){
return a && b ? a+b : function(c){return a+c;}
}
console.log(add(2, 3));
console.log(add(2)(3));
This question has motivated so many answers already that my "two pennies worth" will surely not spoil things.
I was amazed by the multitude of approaches and variations that I tried to put "my favourite" features, i. e. the ones that I would like to find in such a currying function together, using some ES6 notation:
const add=(...n)=>{
const vsum=(a,c)=>a+c;
n=n.reduce(vsum,0);
const fn=(...x)=>add(n+x.reduce(vsum,0));
fn.toString=()=>n;
return fn;
}
let w=add(2,1); // = 3
console.log(w()) // 3
console.log(w); // 3
console.log(w(6)(2,3)(4)); // 18
console.log(w(5,3)); // 11
console.log(add(2)-1); // 1
console.log(add()); // 0
console.log(add(5,7,9)(w)); // 24
.as-console-wrapper {max-height:100% !important; top:0%}
Basically, nothing in this recursively programmed function is new. But it does work with all possible combinations of arguments mentioned in any of the answers above and won't need an "empty arguments list" at the end.
You can use as many arguments in as many currying levels you want and the result will be another function that can be reused for the same purpose. I used a little "trick" to also get a numeric value "at the same time": I redefined the .toString() function of the inner function fn! This method will be called by Javascript whenever the function is used without an arguments list and "some value is expected". Technically it is a "hack" as it will not return a string but a number, but it will work in a way that is in most cases the "desired" way. Give it a spin!
Simple Recursion Solution for following use cases
add(); // 0
add(1)(2)(); //3
add(1)(2)(3)(); //6
function add(v1, sum = 0) {
if (!v1) return sum;
sum += v1
return (v2) => add(v2, sum);
}
function add() {
var sum = 0;
function add() {
for (var i=0; i<arguments.length; i++) {
sum += Number(arguments[i]);
}
return add;
}
add.valueOf = function valueOf(){
return parseInt(sum);
};
return add.apply(null,arguments);
}
// ...
console.log(add() + 0); // 0
console.log(add(1) + 0);/* // 1
console.log(add(1,2) + 0); // 3
function A(a){
return function B(b){
return a+b;
}
}
I found a nice explanation for this type of method. It is known as Syntax of Closures
please refer this link
Syntax of Closures
Simply we can write a function like this
function sum(x){
return function(y){
return function(z){
return x+y+z;
}
}
}
sum(2)(3)(4)//Output->9
Don't be complicated.
var add = (a)=>(b)=> b ? add(a+b) : a;
console.log(add(2)(3)()); // Output:5
it will work in the latest javascript (ES6), this is a recursion function.
Here we use concept of closure where all the functions called inside main function iter refer and udpate x as they have closure over it. no matter how long the loop goes , till last function , have access to x.
function iter(x){
return function innfunc(y){
//if y is not undefined
if(y){
//closure over ancestor's x
x = y+x;
return innfunc;
}
else{
//closure over ancestor's x
return x;
}
}
}
iter(2)(3)(4)() //9
iter(1)(3)(4)(5)() //13
let multi = (a)=>{
return (b)=>{
return (c)=>{
return a*b*c
}
}
}
multi (2)(3)(4) //24
let multi = (a)=> (b)=> (c)=> a*b*c;
multi (2)(3)(4) //24
we can do this work using closure.
function add(param1){
return function add1(param2){
return param2 = param1 + param2;
}
}
console.log(add(2)(3));//5
I came up with nice solution with closure, inner function have access to parent function's parameter access and store in its lexical scope, when ever we execute it, will get answer
const Sum = function (a) {
return function (b) {
return b ? Sum(a + b) : a;
}
};
Sum(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)() // result is 28
Sum(3)(4)(5)() // result is 12
Sum(12)(10)(20) // result is 42
enter image description here
You should go in for currying to call the function in the above format.
Ideally, a function which adds two numbers will be like,
let sum = function(a, b) {
return a + b;
}
The same function can be transformed as,
let sum = function(a) {
return function(b) {
return a+b;
}
}
console.log(sum(2)(3));
Let us understand how this works.
When you invoke sum(2), it returns
function(b) {
return 2 + b;
}
when the returned function is further invoked with 3, b takes the value 3. The result 5 is returned.
More Detailed Explanation:
let sum = function(a) {
return function(b) {
return a + b;
}
}
let func1 = sum(2);
console.log(func1);
let func2 = func1(3)
console.log(func2);
//the same result can be obtained in a single line
let func3 = sum(2)(3);
console.log(func3);
//try comparing the three functions and you will get more clarity.
This is a short solution:
const add = a => b => {
if(!b) return a;
return add(a + b);
}
add(1)(2)(3)() // 6
add(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)() // 15