Fairly new to promises here, and i was wondering..
After taking a look at bluebird package for handling promises:
Creating a Resolver
Resolve on success / reject on failure
Returning the created resolver promise property
I've been wondering how can i achieve the same effect of rejecting a promise to raise a catch using packages that already create the promise, and I'm just using their .then chain?
What i mean is, using reject on my create resolver will eventually raise a catch to the user of this function.
How can i raise a catch if i dont have the resolver. chaining the promise as follows :
function doSomthing(): Promise<someValue>
return somePackage.someMethodWithPromise().then((result)=> {
return someValueToTheNextThen;
})
}
The only way I've seen some packages achieving that is by returning a { errors, result } object so that the next then can check if there are any errors and react to it, but I want to raise a catch and not check for errors in every single then i have..
Hope i made myself clear, please let me know if anything is missing.
Thanks in advance for the help!
Just as in synchronous code, you can achieve this by throwing an error. This is the idiomatic thing to do when you're using promises and are already inside a then chain:
function doSomething(): Promise<someValue>
return somePackage.someMethodWithPromise().then((result)=> {
if (badResult(result)) {
throw new Error('Bad result!');
}
return someValueToTheNextThen;
})
}
doSomething()
.then(result => {
// this will get skipped if an error was thrown
})
.catch(error => {
// error will be caught here if one was thrown
console.error(error);
});
The .then just returns a Promise as well. You can simply created a rejected promise and return it from there if you determine there’s an error.
return somePackage.someMethodWithPromise().then(result => {
if (result.erroneous()) return Promise.reject('erroneous data');
return someValueToTheNextThen;
})
You can also simply throw anError; from the then which would also be catched in a catch block.
Related
I'm using a 3rd parth library to make an async call in my nodejs backend code. There's an unhandled promise rejection coming from this call which I'm having trouble catching. (It brings down my node app.)
Based on the input passed, it's expected to fail sometimes:
exports.getSomeData = (input) => {
console.log('GETTING DATA...')
return ThirdPartyLib.makeAsyncCall(input).then((result) => {
console.log('SUCCESS');
return result;
},(rejection) => {
console.log('REJECTED');
return {};
}).catch(error => {
console.log('ERROR');
return {};
});
}
But none of the REJECTED/ERROR messages print when it fails. I just see a console message from the lib: Unhandled rejection at: Promise and my app goes down.
Am I missing anything in the way I handle the non-happy path?
Is it possible for the library code to do something that the above WOULDN'T catch?
Is it possible for the library code to do something that the above WOULDN'T catch?
Sure, it just has to create a Promise (e.g. by calling an async function) without chaining it into the promise chain (aka without awaiting it):
async makeAsyncCall(data) {
Promise.reject("Possible");
}
So yes, the library you are using should either await that detached promise or it should attach an error handler to it (and handle / purposely ignore the error). It's not your fault.
Aside from the double rejection handler (which is pointless, just use catch()), your code should just work.
So given that you are seeing that error, this means that the library you are using has a bug.
I am working on a project that always catch rejected promise, turns it into resolved one with error code, like this
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
axios({
...
}).then(res => {
resolve(res);
}).catch(err => {
let res = { ... }
res.error = err
resolve(res)
})
})
Then whenever call this api, rejected case is handled like this, i.e. without catch
axios_call(...).then(res => {
if (!res.err) {
//resolve case
} else {
//reject case
}
})
I never handle the rejected promise like this before so I am not sure will it cause any problem or it is just a different code style and works fine too.
I checked the possible duplicated q/a What is the explicit promise construction antipattern and how do I avoid it?
But I believed they are not the same. Because my question is about handling the rejected promise while that question is about deferred object, e.g. errors and rejections are not swallowed in my case.
First of all, avoid the Promise constructor antipattern! Your axios_call code should better look simply like this:
return axios({
...
}).catch(err => {
return { ..., error: err };
});
Then whenever call this api, rejected case is handled without catch. I never had handled the rejected promise like this before so I am not sure will it cause any problem or it is just a different code style and works fine too.
It works, but it's not fine. This style of error handling is weird and really non-idiomatic. It has the same problems as the traditional node-style callback API with separate error and result parameters:
the promise can't know whether you handled the error or not. You will not get any unhandled rejection warnings.
you always must write the code to deal with the res.error, if you want it or not. With normal promise usage, you could just supply separate onFulfill and onReject callbacks, and omitting the latter will get you the sensible default behaviour of forwarding the error instead of just dropping it.
I cannot see any advantages that your style would present, so I would recommend to avoid it and use normal promise rejections.
Why can't I just throw an Error inside the catch callback and let the process handle the error as if it were in any other scope?
If I don't do console.log(err) nothing gets printed out and I know nothing about what happened. The process just ends...
Example:
function do1() {
return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
throw new Error('do1');
setTimeout(resolve, 1000)
});
}
function do2() {
return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
setTimeout(function() {
reject(new Error('do2'));
}, 1000)
});
}
do1().then(do2).catch(function(err) {
//console.log(err.stack); // This is the only way to see the stack
throw err; // This does nothing
});
If callbacks get executed in the main thread, why does the Error get swallowed by a black hole?
As others have explained, the "black hole" is because throwing inside a .catch continues the chain with a rejected promise, and you have no more catches, leading to an unterminated chain, which swallows errors (bad!)
Add one more catch to see what's happening:
do1().then(do2).catch(function(err) {
//console.log(err.stack); // This is the only way to see the stack
throw err; // Where does this go?
}).catch(function(err) {
console.log(err.stack); // It goes here!
});
A catch in the middle of a chain is useful when you want the chain to proceed in spite of a failed step, but a re-throw is useful to continue failing after doing things like logging of information or cleanup steps, perhaps even altering which error is thrown.
Trick
To make the error show up as an error in the web console, as you originally intended, I use this trick:
.catch(function(err) { setTimeout(function() { throw err; }); });
Even the line numbers survive, so the link in web console takes me straight to the file and line where the (original) error happened.
Why it works
Any exception in a function called as a promise fulfillment or rejection handler gets automatically converted to a rejection of the promise you're supposed to return. The promise code that calls your function takes care of this.
A function called by setTimeout on the other hand, always runs from JavaScript stable state, i.e. it runs in a new cycle in the JavaScript event loop. Exceptions there aren't caught by anything, and make it to the web console. Since err holds all the information about the error, including the original stack, file and line number, it still gets reported correctly.
Important things to understand here
Both the then and catch functions return new promise objects.
Either throwing or explicitly rejecting, will move the current promise to the rejected state.
Since then and catch return new promise objects, they can be chained.
If you throw or reject inside a promise handler (then or catch), it will be handled in the next rejection handler down the chaining path.
As mentioned by jfriend00, the then and catch handlers are not executed synchronously. When a handler throws, it will come to an end immediately. So, the stack will be unwound and the exception would be lost. That is why throwing an exception rejects the current promise.
In your case, you are rejecting inside do1 by throwing an Error object. Now, the current promise will be in rejected state and the control will be transferred to the next handler, which is then in our case.
Since the then handler doesn't have a rejection handler, the do2 will not be executed at all. You can confirm this by using console.log inside it. Since the current promise doesn't have a rejection handler, it will also be rejected with the rejection value from the previous promise and the control will be transferred to the next handler which is catch.
As catch is a rejection handler, when you do console.log(err.stack); inside it, you are able to see the error stack trace. Now, you are throwing an Error object from it so the promise returned by catch will also be in rejected state.
Since you have not attached any rejection handler to the catch, you are not able to observe the rejection.
You can split the chain and understand this better, like this
var promise = do1().then(do2);
var promise1 = promise.catch(function (err) {
console.log("Promise", promise);
throw err;
});
promise1.catch(function (err) {
console.log("Promise1", promise1);
});
The output you will get will be something like
Promise Promise { <rejected> [Error: do1] }
Promise1 Promise { <rejected> [Error: do1] }
Inside the catch handler 1, you are getting the value of promise object as rejected.
Same way, the promise returned by the catch handler 1, is also rejected with the same error with which the promise was rejected and we are observing it in the second catch handler.
I tried the setTimeout() method detailed above...
.catch(function(err) { setTimeout(function() { throw err; }); });
Annoyingly, I found this to be completely untestable. Because it's throwing an asynchronous error, you can't wrap it inside a try/catch statement, because the catch will have stopped listening by the time error is thrown.
I reverted to just using a listener which worked perfectly and, because it's how JavaScript is meant to be used, was highly testable.
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
reject("err");
}).catch(err => {
this.emit("uncaughtException", err);
/* Throw so the promise is still rejected for testing */
throw err;
});
According the spec (see 3.III.d):
d. If calling then throws an exception e,
a. If resolvePromise or rejectPromise have been called, ignore it.
b. Otherwise, reject promise with e as the reason.
That means that if you throw exception in then function, it will be caught and your promise will be rejected. catch don't make a sense here, it is just shortcut to .then(null, function() {})
I guess you want to log unhandled rejections in your code. Most promises libraries fires a unhandledRejection for it. Here is relevant gist with discussion about it.
Yes promises swallow errors, and you can only catch them with .catch, as explained more in detail in other answers. If you are in Node.js and want to reproduce the normal throw behaviour, printing stack trace to console and exit process, you can do
...
throw new Error('My error message');
})
.catch(function (err) {
console.error(err.stack);
process.exit(0);
});
I know this is a bit late, but I came across this thread, and none of the solutions were easy to implement for me, so I came up with my own:
I added a little helper function which returns a promise, like so:
function throw_promise_error (error) {
return new Promise(function (resolve, reject){
reject(error)
})
}
Then, if I have a specific place in any of my promise chain where I want to throw an error (and reject the promise), I simply return from the above function with my constructed error, like so:
}).then(function (input) {
if (input === null) {
let err = {code: 400, reason: 'input provided is null'}
return throw_promise_error(err)
} else {
return noterrorpromise...
}
}).then(...).catch(function (error) {
res.status(error.code).send(error.reason);
})
This way I am in control of throwing extra errors from inside the promise-chain. If you want to also handle 'normal' promise errors, you would expand your catch to treat the 'self-thrown' errors separately.
Hope this helps, it is my first stackoverflow answer!
Listen for unhandled errors:
window.addEventListener('unhandledrejection', e => {
// ...
});
window.addEventListener('error', e => {
// ...
});
If error gets swallowed, use self.report(error):
.catch(error => {
self.reportError(error);
});
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/reportError
Once a promise reject() callback is called, a warning message "Uncaught (in promise)" appears in the Chrome console. I can't wrap my head around the reason behind it, nor how to get rid of it.
var p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
var isItFulfilled = false
isItFulfilled ? resolve('!Resolved') : reject('!Rejected')
}, 1000)
})
p.then(result => console.log(result))
p.catch(error => console.log(error))
Warning:
Edit:
I found out that if the onRejected handler is not explicitly provided to the .then(onResolved, onRejected) method, JS will automatically provide an implicit one. It looks like this: (err) => throw err. The auto generated handler will throw in its turn.
Reference:
If IsCallable(onRejected)` is false, then
Let onRejected be "Thrower".
http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/index.html#sec-performpromisethen
This happens because you do not attach a catch handler to the promise returned by the first then method, which therefore is without handler for when the promise rejects. You do have one for the promise p in the last line, but not for the chained promise, returned by the then method, in the line before it.
As you correctly added in comments below, when a catch handler is not provided (or it's not a function), the default one will throw the error. Within a promise chain this error can be caught down the line with a catch method callback, but if none is there, the JavaScript engine will deal with the error like with any other uncaught error, and apply the default handler in such circumstances, which results in the output you see in the console.
To avoid this, chain the .catch method to the promise returned by the first then, like this:
p.then( result => console.log('Fulfilled'))
.catch( error => console.log(error) );
Even if you use Promises correctly: p.then(p1).catch(p2) you can still get an uncaught exception if your p2 function eventually throws an exception which you intend to catch using a mechanism like window.onerror. The reason is that the stack has already been unwound by the error handling done in the promise. To fix this, make sure that your error code (called by the reject function) does not throw an exception. It should simply return.
It would be nice if the error handling code could detect that the stack has already been unwound (so your error call doesn't have to have a flag for this case), and if anyone knows how to do this easily I will edit this answer to include that explanation.
This code does not cause the "uncaught in promise" exception:
// Called from top level code;
// implicitly returns a Promise
testRejectCatch = async function() {
// Nested within testRejectCatch;
// simply rejects immediately
let testReject = function() {
return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
reject('test the reject');
)};
}
//***********************************************
// testRejectCatch entry.
//***********************************************
try {
await testReject(); // implicitly throws reject exception
catch(error) {
// somecode
}
//***********************************************
// top level code
//***********************************************
try{
testRejectCatch() // Promise implicitly returned,
.catch((error) => { // so we can catch
window.alert('Report error: ' + error);
// must not throw error;
});
}
catch(error) {
// some code
}
Explanation:
First, there's a terminology problem. The term "catch" is
used in two ways: in the try-catches, and in the Promises.
So, it's easy to get confused about a "throw"; is it throwing
to a try's catch or to a Promise's catch?
Answer: the reject in testReject is throwing to the Promise's
implicit catch, at await testReject; and then throwing on to
the .catch at testRejectCatch().
In this context, try-catch is irrelevant and ignored;
the throws have nothing to do with them.
The .catch at testRejectCatch satisfies the requirement
that the original throw must be caught somewhere,
so you do not suffer the "uncaught in Promise..." exception.
The takeaway: throws from Promises are throws to .catch,
not to try-catch; and must be dealt-with in some .catch
Edit:
In the above code, the reject propagates up through the .catches.
If you want, you can convert over to propagating up the try-catches.
At line 17, change the code to:
let bad = '';
await testReject().catch((error) => {bad = error});
if (bad) throw bad;
Now, you've switched over to the try-catch.
I ran into this issue, but without setTimeout().
In case anyone else runs into this: if in the Promise constructor you just call reject() synchronously, then it doesn't matter how many .then() and .catch() handlers you add to the returned Promise, they won't prevent an uncaught promise rejection, because the promise rejection would happen before you
I've solved that problem in my project, it's a large enterprise one. My team is too lazy to write empty catch hundreds of times.
Promise.prototype.then = function (onFulfilled, onRejected) {
return baseThen.call(this, (x: any) => {
if (onFulfilled)
onFulfilled(x);
}, (x: any) => {
if (onRejected)
onRejected(x);
});
};
I have a nodeJS project where I wish to use asynchronous functions. Namely, I'm using the Q library.
I have a function called someFunction(), that I wish to return a promise. With the then -function, I can then check whether the promise was resolved or rejected like so:
someFunction()
.then(
function(results) {
console.log("Success!");
},
function (error) {
console.log("An error occurred, and I would wish to log it for example");
}
);
What I intuitively expect with the function above is, that the error function would catch all possible errors. So if some exception is raised inside the someFunction, I can rest assured, that the error function will be run (the second function after 'then'). But it seems this is not the case.
For example, let's say the someFunction would be defined as so:
function someFunction() {
var deferred = Q.defer();
throw new Error("Can't bar.");
deferred.resolve("success");
}
Now if I call the function someFunction() like done in the upper code block, it won't run the error function. Why is that? Isn't the partial point of the promise Q.deferred to catch errors? Why should I manually reject every error that happens? I know I could set the whole content of someFunction to try/catch clause, and then reject the deferred, but that feels so wrong! There must be a better way, and I know for sure some of you stackoverflowers know it!
With this information, I began to think about where the deferred.reject and deferred.resolve is even meant to be used? Is it even meant to catch exceptions? Should I really just go through all the error cases manually, and call the deferred.reject on them? I'm interested to hear how this should be handled professionally.
Q has specific function for success and error, so use:
deferred.reject("error");
intead of throwing an Exception.
Next thing is that someFunction must return promise to be used as You use it:
function someFunction() {
var deferred = Q.defer();
try{
//some Asynchronous code
deferred.resolve("success");
}catch(e){
deferred.reject(e.message);
}
return deffered.promise; //return promise to use then
}
Because Promises ain't magic. They don't somehow magically catch Errors. They catch them, because they wrap the calls to the callbacks in try..catch-blocks, to convert Errors into rejected Promises.
If you want an Error to be handled by the Promise-chain, well put the function-call into a promise-chain: Q.resolve().then(someFunction).then(...).
Now any synchronous Error occuring in someFunction can be handled in the following then's.
Btw: If you use Q.defer(), and you're not dealing with some callback-style API, you're doing it definitely wrong. Search for the Deferred-antipattern.
it won't run the error function. Why is that?
Because you synchronously threw an exception, instead of returning a promise. Which you never should.
Isn't the partial point of the promise Q.deferred to catch errors?
No. then and catch implicitly catch exceptions in their callbacks, defferreds don't - they're just a (deprecated) API to create promises.
Why should I manually reject every error that happens?
Because asynchronous errors are expected to be passed to callbacks anyway, instead of being thrown.
I know I could set the whole content of someFunction to try/catch clause, and then reject the deferred, but that feels so wrong! There must be a better way!
There is: the Q.Promise constructor, the standard (ES6) promise creation API. It has the benefit of being able to catch synchronous exceptions from the executor function:
function someFunction() {
return new Q.Promise(function(resolve) {
throw new Error("Can't bar.");
resolve("success");
});
}
throwing an error will stop the code from executing (and will close node) unless you catch the error in a try/catch block.
handled errors from requests can be passed to the .catch chain by using deferred.reject(error). code errors and custom thrown errors needs to be handled inside try/catch, which is the right way to handle such errors.
function someFunction() {
var deferred = Q.defer();
deferred.reject("Can't bar.");
// or
try {
throw new Error("Can't bar.");
}
catch(err) {
deferred.reject("Can't bar.");
}
deferred.resolve("success");
}