Develop Reference

Why is splice not removing elements from my array?

I am creating a roulette game that displays random items from different arrays when the wheel lands on a specific category. So far everything works except when the wheel lands on a category, it selects the same random item from the correct array over and over again. I am trying to use math.random and the splice method to randomly select an item from an array, and remove that item so only new, random items from the array can be displayed after, but it hasn't worked.

I rearranged the input arrays into an array of arrays (5 arrays of 9 elements = 45). I'm guessing that you want the whole thing shuffled.
const log = data => console.log(JSON.stringify(data));
let zones = [
["🎁", "🎆", "🎯", "🌈", "🌛", "💩", "💰", "🍒", "🌴"],
["🌞", "🍀", "💀", "💘", "💣", "🎲", "🎰", "🎈", "🗿"],
["🎁", "🎆", "🎯", "🌈", "🌛", "💩", "💰", "🍒", "🌴"],
["🌞", "🍀", "💀", "💘", "💣", "🎲", "🎰", "🎈", "🗿"],
["🎁", "🎆", "🎯", "🌈", "🌛", "💩", "💰", "🍒", "🌴"]
];
let zoneSize = zones.length * zones[0].length;
let symbolZones = [];
for (let i = zoneSize; i > 0; i--) {
let deg = zones.flatMap(z => z.splice(Math.floor(Math.random() * z.length), 1));
if(deg.length > 0) {
symbolZones.push(deg);
}
}
log(`Original Array zones`);
log(zones);
log(`New Array symbolZones`);
log(symbolZones);
.as-console-row-code {
display: block;
width: 100%;
overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.as-console-row::after {
content: ''!important
}

I don't know how the rest of the code is, but if you always get the same value over and over again it could be that you're not re-running the code that gets the values.
Try wrapping the logic for retrieving the symbolZones in a function:
function getSymbolZones() {
const symbolZones = [];
symbolZones[1] = a[Math.floor(Math.random()*a.length)];
symbolZones[2] = b[Math.floor(Math.random()*b.length)];
symbolZones[3] = c[Math.floor(Math.random()*c.length)];
symbolZones[4] = d[Math.floor(Math.random()*d.length)];
symbolZones[5] = e[Math.floor(Math.random()*e.length)];
symbolZones[6] = f[Math.floor(Math.random()*f.length)];
symbolZones[7] = g[Math.floor(Math.random()*g.length)];
symbolZones[8] = h[Math.floor(Math.random()*h.length)];
return symbolZones;
}
and then use it in the handleWin function.
const handleWin = (actualDeg) => {
const symbolZones = getSymbolZones();
const winningSymbolNr = Math.ceil(actualDeg / zoneSize);
display.innerHTML = symbolZones[winningSymbolNr];
}
P.S.
I understand that you start the array at index 1 because that's the smallest zone you can get from the operation 45 / 45.
But if I were you I'd start the index from 0 and just subtract 1 when accessing the array: symbolZones[winningSymbolNr - 1].
This way you don't get weird bugs when trying to loop through an array that has an empty first index.

Other than using array, I would suggest you use object and a for loop to make the code easier to execute. This code should work:
let deg = 0;
// The 360 degree wheel has 8 zones, so each zone is 45 degrees
let zoneSize = 45;
let symbol = {
a: ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"],
b: ["f", "g", "h", "i", "j"],
c: ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"],
d: ["f", "g", "h", "i", "j"],
e: ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"],
f: ["f", "g", "h", "i", "j"],
g: ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"],
h: ["f", "g", "h", "i", "j"],
}
// zones for each 8 categories
let ran = Math.floor(Math.random() * Object.keys(symbol).length)
console.log(Object.values(symbol)[ran])
//Random select a zone from above 8
let selectedzone = Object.values(symbol)[ran]
//Random select an item from selected zone
let index = Math.floor(Math.random() * selectedzone.length)
let symbolZones = selectedzone[index]
console.log(symbolZones)
const handleWin = (actualDeg) => {
const winningSymbolNr = Math.ceil(actualDeg / zoneSize);
display.innerHTML = symbolZones[winningSymbolNr];
}

JS join arrays with replacement

There are 2 arrays:
var arr1 = ["a", "b", "c"];
var arr2 = ["k", ,"l","m","n"];
Need some standart function that returns:
var arr3=["k","b","l"];
This one is too slow:
function join_arrays(arr1,arr2)
{
var arr3=[];
for(var i=0;i<arr1.length;i++)
if(arr2[i]==undefined)
arr3[i]=arr1[i];
else
arr3[i]=arr2[i];
return arr3;
}

You could do the following:
var arr1 = ["a", "b", "c"];
var arr2 = ["k",undefined,"l","m","n"];
var arr3 = [];
function join_arrays(arr1,arr2){
arr3 = arr2;
var i = arr3.indexOf(undefined);
while(i !=- 1){
arr3[i] = arr1[i];
i = arr3.indexOf(undefined);
}
return arr3;
}
However there is a little caveat here, as far as my testing in JSBin showed me, which is that you have to have set the empty values that are gonna be replaced to undefined explicitly as I did in my example. If this is not optimal for you, there might be a better way than what I showed here.
Hopefully this runs faster than your code, as it will only go through the loop as many times as needed to do the replacements and will fill arr3 with arr2 right away.
UPDATE:
Bear in mind that, while the above function works, it is unsafe because when the second array has empty elements in an index that is not present in the first one, it will cause an error. Therefore you could do something like this:
function join_arrays(arr1,arr2){
arr3=arr2;
var i = arr3.indexOf(undefined);
while(i!=-1 && i<arr1.length){
arr3[i]=arr1[i];
i=arr3.indexOf(undefined);
}
return arr3;
}
So for var arr2 = ["k",undefined,undefined,"l","m","n",undefined] result will be ["k", "b", "c", "l", "m", "n", undefined] with this method, instead of getting an error or infinite loop!

With use standard functions, it's can be faster.
let arr1 = ["a", "b", "c"];
let arr2 = ["k", ,"l","m","n"];
arr1.map((e,i)=>arr2[i]==undefined?e:arr2[i])

Probably this single liner should do your job.
var arr3 = arr1.forEach((e,i) => arr2[i] === void 0 ? arr3.push(e): arr3.push(arr2[i]));

Removing Element From Array of Arrays with Regex

I'm using regex to test certain elements in an array of arrays. If an inner array doesn't follow the desired format, I'd like to remove it from the main/outer array. The regex I'm using is working correctly. I am not sure why it isn't removing - can anyone advise or offer any edits to resolve this problem?
for (var i = arr.length-1; i>0; i--) {
var a = /^\w+$/;
var b = /^\w+$/;
var c = /^\w+$/;
var first = a.test(arr[i][0]);
var second = b.test(arr[i][1]);
var third = c.test(arr[i][2]);
if ((!first) || (!second) || (!third)){
arr.splice(i,1);
}

When you cast splice method on an array, its length is updated immediately. Thus, in future iterations, you will probably jump over some of its members.
For example:
var arr = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g']
for(var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
console.log(i, arr)
if(i%2 === 0) {
arr.splice(i, 1) // remove elements with even index
}
}
console.log(arr)
It will output:
0 ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g"]
1 ["b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g"]
2 ["b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g"]
3 ["b", "c", "e", "f", "g"]
4 ["b", "c", "e", "f", "g"]
["b", "c", "e", "f"]
My suggestion is, do not modify the array itself if you still have to iterate through it. Use another variable to save it.
var arr = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g']
var another = []
for(var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
if(i%2) {
another.push(arr[i]) // store elements with odd index
}
}
console.log(another) // ["b", "d", "f"]
Or you could go with Array.prototype.filter, which is much simpler:
arr.filter(function(el, i) {
return i%2 // store elements with odd index
})
It also outputs:
["b", "d", "f"]

Your code seems to work to me. The code in your post was missing a } to close the for statement but that should have caused the script to fail to parse and not even run at all.
I do agree with Leo that it would probably be cleaner to rewrite it using Array.prototype.filter though.
The code in your question would look something like this as a filter:
arr = arr.filter(function (row) {
return /^\w+$/.test(row[0]) && /^\w+$/.test(row[1]) && /^\w+$/.test(row[2]);
});
jsFiddle
I'm assuming it is 3 different regular expressions in your actual code, if they are all identical in your code you can save a little overhead by defining the RegExp literal once:
arr = arr.filter(function (row) {
var rxIsWord = /^\w+$/;
return rxIsWord.test(row[0]) && rxIsWord.test(row[1]) && rxIsWord.test(row[2]);
});

How to split a long array into smaller arrays, with JavaScript

I have an array of e-mails (it can be just 1 email, or 100 emails), and I need to send the array with an ajax request (that I know how to do), but I can only send an array that has 10 or less e-mails in it. So if there is an original array of 20 e-mails I will need to split them up into 2 arrays of 10 each. or if there are 15 e-mails in the original array, then 1 array of 10, and another array of 5. I'm using jQuery, what would be the best way to do this?

Don't use jquery...use plain javascript
var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15];
var b = a.splice(0,10);
//a is now [11,12,13,14,15];
//b is now [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10];
You could loop this to get the behavior you want.
var a = YOUR_ARRAY;
while(a.length) {
console.log(a.splice(0,10));
}
This would give you 10 elements at a time...if you have say 15 elements, you would get 1-10, the 11-15 as you wanted.

var size = 10; var arrayOfArrays = [];
for (var i=0; i<bigarray.length; i+=size) {
arrayOfArrays.push(bigarray.slice(i,i+size));
}
console.log(arrayOfArrays);
Unlike splice(), slice() is non-destructive to the original array.

Just loop over the array, splicing it until it's all consumed.
var a = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g']
, chunk
while (a.length > 0) {
chunk = a.splice(0,3)
console.log(chunk)
}
output
[ 'a', 'b', 'c' ]
[ 'd', 'e', 'f' ]
[ 'g' ]

You can use lodash:
https://lodash.com/docs
_.chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 2);
// → [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']]

Array.reduce could be inefficient for large arrays, especially with the mod operator. I think a cleaner (and possibly easier to read) functional solution would be this:
const chunkArray = (arr, size) =>
arr.length > size
? [arr.slice(0, size), ...chunkArray(arr.slice(size), size)]
: [arr];

Assuming you don't want to destroy the original array, you can use code like this to break up the long array into smaller arrays which you can then iterate over:
var longArray = []; // assume this has 100 or more email addresses in it
var shortArrays = [], i, len;
for (i = 0, len = longArray.length; i < len; i += 10) {
shortArrays.push(longArray.slice(i, i + 10));
}
// now you can iterate over shortArrays which is an
// array of arrays where each array has 10 or fewer
// of the original email addresses in it
for (i = 0, len = shortArrays.length; i < len; i++) {
// shortArrays[i] is an array of email addresss of 10 or less
}

Another implementation:
const arr = ["H", "o", "w", " ", "t", "o", " ", "s", "p", "l", "i", "t", " ", "a", " ", "l", "o", "n", "g", " ", "a", "r", "r", "a", "y", " ", "i", "n", "t", "o", " ", "s", "m", "a", "l", "l", "e", "r", " ", "a", "r", "r", "a", "y", "s", ",", " ", "w", "i", "t", "h", " ", "J", "a", "v", "a", "S", "c", "r", "i", "p", "t"];
const size = 3;
const res = arr.reduce((acc, curr, i) => {
if ( !(i % size) ) { // if index is 0 or can be divided by the `size`...
acc.push(arr.slice(i, i + size)); // ..push a chunk of the original array to the accumulator
}
return acc;
}, []);
// => [["H", "o", "w"], [" ", "t", "o"], [" ", "s", "p"], ["l", "i", "t"], [" ", "a", " "], ["l", "o", "n"], ["g", " ", "a"], ["r", "r", "a"], ["y", " ", "i"], ["n", "t", "o"], [" ", "s", "m"], ["a", "l", "l"], ["e", "r", " "], ["a", "r", "r"], ["a", "y", "s"], [",", " ", "w"], ["i", "t", "h"], [" ", "J", "a"], ["v", "a", "S"], ["c", "r", "i"], ["p", "t"]]
NB - This does not modify the original array.
Or, if you prefer a functional, 100% immutable (although there's really nothing bad in mutating in place like done above) and self-contained method:
function splitBy(size, list) {
return list.reduce((acc, curr, i, self) => {
if ( !(i % size) ) {
return [
...acc,
self.slice(i, i + size),
];
}
return acc;
}, []);
}

As a supplement to #jyore's answer, and in case you still want to keep the original array:
var originalArray = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
var splitArray = function (arr, size) {
var arr2 = arr.slice(0),
arrays = [];
while (arr2.length > 0) {
arrays.push(arr2.splice(0, size));
}
return arrays;
}
splitArray(originalArray, 2);
// originalArray is still = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];

I would like to share my solution as well. It's a little bit more verbose but works as well.
var data = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15];
var chunksize = 4;
var chunks = [];
data.forEach((item)=>{
if(!chunks.length || chunks[chunks.length-1].length == chunksize)
chunks.push([]);
chunks[chunks.length-1].push(item);
});
console.log(chunks);
Output (formatted):
[ [ 1, 2, 3, 4],
[ 5, 6, 7, 8],
[ 9, 10, 11, 12],
[13, 14, 15 ] ]

You can start with an empty array and push inside it sections with your desired range from the original array at the same time you are subtracting from your original array until is empty.
const originalArr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11];
const splittedArray = [];
while (originalArr.length > 0) {
splittedArray.push(originalArr.splice(0,range));
}
output for range 3
splittedArray === [[1,2,3][4,5,6][7,8,9][10,11]]
output for range 4
splittedArray === [[1,2,3,4][5,6,7,8][9,10,11]]
This is also good for a fronted pagination if want.

Another method:
var longArray = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];
var size = 2;
var newArray = new Array(Math.ceil(longArray.length / size)).fill("")
.map(function() { return this.splice(0, size) }, longArray.slice());
// newArray = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6], [7, 8], [9, 10]];
This doesn't affect the original array as a copy, made using slice, is passed into the 'this' argument of map.

Another implementation, using Array.reduce (I think it’s the only one missing!):
const splitArray = (arr, size) =>
{
if (size === 0) {
return [];
}
return arr.reduce((split, element, index) => {
index % size === 0 ? split.push([element]) : split[Math.floor(index / size)].push(element);
return split;
}, []);
};
As many solutions above, this one’s non-destructive. Returning an empty array when the size is 0 is just a convention. If the if block is omitted you get an error, which might be what you want.

More compact:
const chunk = (xs, size) =>
xs.map((_, i) =>
(i % size === 0 ? xs.slice(i, i + size) : null)).filter(Boolean);
// Usage:
const sampleArray = new Array(33).fill(undefined).map((_, i) => i);
console.log(chunk(sampleArray, 5));

function chunkArrayInGroups(arr, size) {
var newArr=[];
for (var i=0; i < arr.length; i+= size){
newArr.push(arr.slice(i,i+size));
}
return newArr;
}
chunkArrayInGroups([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 3);

Using ES6 Generators
Late to the party, but ES6 generators opened up another neat way to achieve what is asked for.
/**
* Returns chunks of size n.
* #param {Array<any>} array any array
* #param {number} n size of chunk
*/
function* chunks(array, n){
for(let i = 0; i < array.length; i += n) yield array.slice(i, i + n);
}
const result = [...chunks([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , 9, 10], 3)];
console.log(result);
.as-console-wrapper { max-height: 100% !important; top: 0; }
Make it work for infinite Generators
Using the same idea you can create a generator which can also generate an infinite amount of n-sized chunks from values retrieved from another (possibly infinite) generator function. This can be very handy to lazy-generate values once they are required which significantly reduces the required memory or it can even be used to generate a possibly infinite/ unknown number of chunks.
Here an example which uses two generators.
nextNaturalNumber() is an infinite generator which always returns the next natural number. I am using the ES2020 bigint datatype here so there is no restriction (by JavaScript) for the size of the value.
chunksFromIterable() creates n-sized chunks from an possibly infinite iterable.
/**
* Returns chunks of size n for a possibly infinite iterator.
* n must be >= 1
* #param {Iterable<any>} iterable any array
* #param {number} n size of chunk for n >= 1
*/
function* chunksFromIterable(iterable, n){
let arr = [];
let i = n;
for (const value of iterable) {
if(i <= 0) {
// another chunk of size n is filled => return chunk
yield arr;
arr = []; // create new empty array
i = n;
};
arr.push(value);
i--;
}
// in case the iterable is not infinite check if there are still values in the array and return them if necessary
if(arr.length > 0) yield arr;
}
/**
* Infinite iterator which always gets the next natural number.
*/
function* nextNaturalNumber(){
let i = 0n;
while(true) {
i += 1n;
yield i;
}
}
console.log("Finite iterable:");
// this version can now be used using the for ... of loop
for(const threeNaturalNumbers of chunksFromIterable([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , 9, 10], 3)){
console.log(threeNaturalNumbers);
}
console.log("Infinite iterable:");
// and it can also be used for this infinite generator
for(const threeNaturalNumbers of chunksFromIterable(nextNaturalNumber(), 3)){
printBigIntArray(threeNaturalNumbers);
if(threeNaturalNumbers[0] > 30) break; // end here to avoid an infinite loop
}
// helper function to print array of bigints as this does not seem to be working for snippets
function printBigIntArray(arr){
console.log(`[${arr.join(", ")}]`);
}
.as-console-wrapper { max-height: 100% !important; top: 0; }

You can take a look at this code . Simple and Effective .
function chunkArrayInGroups(array, unit) {
var results = [],
length = Math.ceil(array.length / unit);
for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
results.push(array.slice(i * unit, (i + 1) * unit));
}
return results;
}
chunkArrayInGroups(["a", "b", "c", "d"], 2);

Here is a simple one liner
var segment = (arr, n) => arr.reduce((r,e,i) => i%n ? (r[r.length-1].push(e), r)
: (r.push([e]), r), []),
arr = Array.from({length: 31}).map((_,i) => i+1);
console.log(segment(arr,7));

as a function
var arrayChunk = function (array, chunkSize) {
var arrayOfArrays = [];
if (array.length <= chunkSize) {
arrayOfArrays.push(array);
} else {
for (var i=0; i<array.length; i+=chunkSize) {
arrayOfArrays.push(array.slice(i,i+chunkSize));
}
}
return arrayOfArrays;
}
to use
arrayChunk(originalArray, 10) //10 being the chunk size.

using recursion
let myArr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16];
let size = 4; //Math.sqrt(myArr.length); --> For a n x n matrix
let tempArr = [];
function createMatrix(arr, i) {
if (arr.length !== 0) {
if(i % size == 0) {
tempArr.push(arr.splice(0,size))
}
createMatrix(arr, i - 1)
}
}
createMatrix(myArr, myArr.length);
console.log(tempArr);
Note: The existing array i.e. myArr will be modified.

using prototype we can set directly to array class
Array.prototype.chunk = function(n) {
if (!this.length) {
return [];
}
return [this.slice(0, n)].concat(this.slice(n).chunk(n));
};
console.log([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15].chunk(5));

let original = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14];
let size = 5;
let fragments = Array.from(Array(Math.ceil(a.length / size))).map((_,index) => a.slice(index * size,(index + 1) * size))

If you want a method that doesn't modify the existing array, try this:
let oldArray = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15];
let newArray = [];
let size = 3; // Size of chunks you are after
let j = 0; // This helps us keep track of the child arrays
for (var i = 0; i < oldArray.length; i++) {
if (i % size === 0) {
j++
}
if(!newArray[j]) newArray[j] = [];
newArray[j].push(oldArray[i])
}

function chunkArrayInGroups(arr, size) {
var newArr=[];
for (var i=0; arr.length>size; i++){
newArr.push(arr.splice(0,size));
}
newArr.push(arr.slice(0));
return newArr;
}
chunkArrayInGroups([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 3);

You can use the following code to achieve the required functionality
const splitter = (arr, splitBy, cache = []) => {
const tmp = [...arr]
while (tmp.length) cache.push(tmp.splice(0, splitBy))
return cache
}
const split = splitter([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21], 10)
console.log(split);
Notice, it was an array of length 22 then the splitter function splits it into 2 smaller arrays of 10 items and 1 array of 2 items.

let a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11];
let _splitCount = 3;
let b = a.reduce((acc, curr, index) => {
if (index % _splitCount === 0) {
acc.push([curr]);
} else {
acc[acc.length - 1].push(curr);
}
return acc;
}, []);
this is the easy solution i think❤️

You can use the below function if you know the number array (numGroups) to be split.
function createGroups(arr, numGroups) {
const perGroup = Math.ceil(arr.length / numGroups);
return new Array(numGroups)
.fill('')
.map((_, i) => arr.slice(i * perGroup, (i + 1) * perGroup));
}
Sample Use:
createGroups([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 3); //arr = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] and numGroups = 3

split an array into two based on a index in javascript

I have an array with a list of objects. I want to split this array at one particular index, say 4 (this in real is a variable). I want to store the second part of the split array into another array. Might be simple, but I am unable to think of a nice way to do this.

Use slice, as such:
var ar = [1,2,3,4,5,6];
var p1 = ar.slice(0,4);
var p2 = ar.slice(4);

You can use Array#splice to chop all elements after a specified index off the end of the array and return them:
x = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g"];
y = x.splice(3);
console.log(x); // ["a", "b", "c"]
console.log(y); // ["d", "e", "f", "g"]

use slice:
var bigOne = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6];
var splittedOne = bigOne.slice(3 /*your Index*/);

I would recommend to use slice() like below
ar.slice(startIndex,length);
or
ar.slice(startIndex);
var ar = ["a","b","c","d","e","f","g"];
var p1 = ar.slice(0,3);
var p2 = ar.slice(3);
console.log(p1);
console.log(p2);

const splitAt = (i, arr) => {
const clonedArray = [...arr];
return [clonedArray.splice(0, i), clonedArray];
}
const [left, right] = splitAt(1, [1,2,3,4])
console.log(left) // [1]
console.log(right) // [2,3,4]
const [left1, right1] = splitAt(-1, [1,2,3,4])
console.log(left1) // []
console.log(right1) // [1,2,3,4]
const [left2, right2] = splitAt(5, [1,2,3,4])
console.log(left1) // [1,2,3,4]
console.log(right1) // []
Some benefits compared to other solutions:
You can get the result with a one liner
When split index is underflow or overflow, the result is still correct. slice will not behave correctly.
It does not mutate the original array. Some splice based solutions did.
There is only 1 splice operation, rather than 2 slice operations. But you need to benchmark to see if there is actual performance difference.

You can also use underscore/lodash wrapper:
var ar = [1,2,3,4,5,6];
var p1 = _.first(ar, 4);
var p2 = _.rest(ar, 4);

Simple one function from lodash:
const mainArr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
const [arr1, arr2] = _.chunk(mainArr, _.round(mainArr.length / 2));

const splitArrayByIndex = (arr, index) => {
if (index > 0 && index < arr.length) {
return [arr.slice(0, index), arr.slice(-1 * (arr.length - index))]
}
}
const input = ['a', 'x', 'c', 'r']
const output = splitArrayByIndex(input, 2)
console.log({ input, output })