Develop Reference

Detect only the browser close event and exclude back, forward and refresh events [duplicate]

I have tried many methods to detect browser close event through jQuery or JavaScript. But, unfortunately, I have not been able to detect the close. The onbeforeunload and onunload methods are also not working.
How do I detect the window close, unload, or beforeunload events?

Have you tried this code?
window.onbeforeunload = function (event) {
var message = 'Important: Please click on \'Save\' button to leave this page.';
if (typeof event == 'undefined') {
event = window.event;
}
if (event) {
event.returnValue = message;
}
return message;
};
$(function () {
$("a").not('#lnkLogOut').click(function () {
window.onbeforeunload = null;
});
$(".btn").click(function () {
window.onbeforeunload = null;
});
});
The second function is optional to avoid prompting while clicking on #lnkLogOut and .btn elements.
One more thing, The custom Prompt will not work in Firefox (even in latest version also). For more details about it, please go to this thread.

Referring to various articles and doing some trial and error testing, finally I developed this idea which works perfectly for me.
The idea was to detect the unload event that is triggered by closing the browser. In that case, the mouse will be out of the window, pointing out at the close button ('X').
$(window).on('mouseover', (function () {
window.onbeforeunload = null;
}));
$(window).on('mouseout', (function () {
window.onbeforeunload = ConfirmLeave;
}));
function ConfirmLeave() {
return "";
}
var prevKey="";
$(document).keydown(function (e) {
if (e.key=="F5") {
window.onbeforeunload = ConfirmLeave;
}
else if (e.key.toUpperCase() == "W" && prevKey == "CONTROL") {
window.onbeforeunload = ConfirmLeave;
}
else if (e.key.toUpperCase() == "R" && prevKey == "CONTROL") {
window.onbeforeunload = ConfirmLeave;
}
else if (e.key.toUpperCase() == "F4" && (prevKey == "ALT" || prevKey == "CONTROL")) {
window.onbeforeunload = ConfirmLeave;
}
prevKey = e.key.toUpperCase();
});
The ConfirmLeave function will give the pop up default message, in case there is any need to customize the message, then return the text to be displayed instead of an empty string in function ConfirmLeave().

Try following code works for me under Linux chrome environment. Before running make sure jquery is attached to the document.
$(document).ready(function()
{
$(window).bind("beforeunload", function() {
return confirm("Do you really want to close?");
});
});
For simple follow following steps:
open http://jsfiddle.net/
enter something into html, css or javascript box
try to close tab in chrome
It should show following picture:

Hi i got a tricky solution, which works only on new browsers:
just open a websocket to your server, when the user closes the window, the onclose event will be fired

Following script will give message on Chrome and IE:
<script>
window.onbeforeunload = function (e) {
// Your logic to prepare for 'Stay on this Page' goes here
return "Please click 'Stay on this Page' and we will give you candy";
};
</script>
Chrome
IE
on Firefox you will get generic message
Mechanism is synchronous so no server calls to delay will work, you still can prepare a mechanism like modal window that is shown if user decides to stay on page, but no way to prevent him from leaving.
Response to question in comment
F5 will fire event again, so will Atl+F4.

As Phoenix said, use jQuery .bind method, but for more browser compatibility you should return a String,
$(document).ready(function()
{
$(window).bind("beforeunload", function() {
return "Do you really want to close?";
});
});
more details can be found at : developer.mozilla.org

jQuery .bind() has been deprecated. Use .on() instead
$(window).on("beforeunload", function() {
runBeforeClose();
});

Maybe it's better to use the path detecting mouse.
In BrowserClosureNotice you have a demo example and pure javascript library to do it.
It isn't perfect, but avoid problems of document or mouse events...

<script type="text/javascript">
window.addEventListener("beforeunload", function (e) {
var confirmationMessage = "Are you sure you want to leave this page without placing the order ?";
(e || window.event).returnValue = confirmationMessage;
return confirmationMessage;
});
</script>
Please try this code, this is working fine for me. This custom message is coming into Chrome browser but in Mozilla this message is not showing.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">
var validNavigation = false;
function endSession() {
// Browser or broswer tab is closed
// Do sth here ...
alert("bye");
}
function wireUpEvents() {
/*
* For a list of events that triggers onbeforeunload on IE
* check http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536907(VS.85).aspx
*/
window.onbeforeunload = function() {
if (!validNavigation) {
var ref="load";
$.ajax({
type: 'get',
async: false,
url: 'logout.php',
data:
{
ref:ref
},
success:function(data)
{
console.log(data);
}
});
endSession();
}
}
// Attach the event keypress to exclude the F5 refresh
$(document).bind('keypress', function(e) {
if (e.keyCode == 116){
validNavigation = true;
}
});
// Attach the event click for all links in the page
$("a").bind("click", function() {
validNavigation = true;
});
// Attach the event submit for all forms in the page
$("form").bind("submit", function() {
validNavigation = true;
});
// Attach the event click for all inputs in the page
$("input[type=submit]").bind("click", function() {
validNavigation = true;
});
}
// Wire up the events as soon as the DOM tree is ready
$(document).ready(function() {
wireUpEvents();
});
</script>
This is used for when logged in user close the browser or browser tab it will automatically logout the user account...

You can try something like this.
<html>
<head>
<title>test</title>
<script>
function openChecking(){
// alert("open");
var width = Number(screen.width-(screen.width*0.25));
var height = Number(screen.height-(screen.height*0.25));
var leftscr = Number((screen.width/2)-(width/2)); // center the window
var topscr = Number((screen.height/2)-(height/2));
var url = "";
var title = 'popup';
var properties = 'width='+width+', height='+height+', top='+topscr+', left='+leftscr;
var popup = window.open(url, title, properties);
var crono = window.setInterval(function() {
if (popup.closed !== false) { // !== opera compatibility reasons
window.clearInterval(crono);
checkClosed();
}
}, 250); //we check if the window is closed every 1/4 second
}
function checkClosed(){
alert("closed!!");
// do something
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<button onclick="openChecking()">Click Me</button>
</body>
</html>
When the user closes the window, the callback will be fired.

window.location.href not being assigned / redirected

This is a followup to a prior question that you guys answered a few weeks ago. There is HTML in a WordPress.org app which I cannot change. A section in this HTML contains text that is hyperlinked to someURL. I want the URL to redirect to my referrer page in order to return to whatever page I cam from when I click on this link. The problem is that something is blocking the assignment of my referrer URL string to HREF. I stepped through this function a hundred times in the Chrome debugger, and tried various thing (see below). HREF simply will not change, not matter what. Any idea why? here is the code, and thank you for any any help on this:
window.onload = function () {
document.querySelector(".button.wc-backward").onclick = function() {
var URLstring = document.referrer; // works fine
window.location.href = URLstring; // ref unchanged
setTimeout(function () {
window.location.href = URLstring; },100); // same result
return false;
}
}

There is no issue with you jscode, I have added it to here:
Example on github
And it is working. (You will be redirected back to stackoverflow).
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<script>
window.onload = function () {
document.querySelector(".button.wc-backward").onclick = function() {
var URLstring = document.referrer; // works fine
window.location.href = URLstring; // ref unchanged
setTimeout(function () {
window.location.href = URLstring;
}, 100); // same result
return false;
}
}
</script>
the link
</html>

You code is wokring... do you like to try this one too
window.location.assign(URLstring)

How can i print a pdf in google chrome?

I have a pdf associated with a button . When i click the button i want to get the pdf printed. This is how my button is coded :
<input type="submit" class="btn-red" value="Print"
name="Submit" id="printbtn"
onclick="printPDF('http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/fw4.pdf')" />
Now my print functionality works like this :
function printPDF(pdfUrl)
{
if ((navigator.appName == 'Microsoft Internet Explorer') )
window.print(pdfUrl,"_self");
else
{
var w = window.open(pdfUrl,"_self");
w.print();
w.close();
}
}
The problem is , it's working fine in IE and Fire fox , but does not work in chrome. In ie and Firefox, it opens up the xps printer option, but in chrome , it just opens up a new print window, with the print preview of the div and not the pdf . But i want the xps option to be opened up here.
EDIT : In chrome when i try to print , only the html element comes as preview and not the pdf. I am using chrome version : 20.0.1132.57
How can i get around this peculiarity ? kindly help .

This worked for me and didn't require a host HTML file. The key was to wait for onload:
For a link like this:
<a class="print-pdf-link" href="/your/pdf.pdf">Print PDF</a>
I used javascript:
$('a.print-pdf-link').click(function () {
var w = window.open($(this).attr('href'));
w.onload = function () {
w.print();
};
return false;
});

I had to do the same thing and I used a different approach, one that for me worked in both Chrome and Firefox.
My solution involved a print.html helper file, that received the PDF file's url as a GET type parameter, then loaded the pdf inside an iframe. Then it kept checking to see if the pdf had completely loaded (binding the check to the onload event did not work) and on completion it triggered the print method.
Here:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<title>Print Page</title>
<meta name="title" content="Print" />
<script>
(function (window, document, undefined) {
var printy = {
urlGET: function (param) {
var params = document.URL.split('?');
if(params.length > 1) {
params = params[1].split('&');
for (var i = 0, len = params.length; i < len; i++) {
if (params[i].split('=')[0] === param) {
return params[i].split('=')[1];
}
}
}
return null;
},
init: function () {
var self = this;
window.onload = function () {
var src = self.urlGET('path');
//creating an iframe element
var ifr = document.createElement('iframe');
document.body.appendChild(ifr);
// making the iframe fill the viewport
ifr.width = '100%';
ifr.height = window.innerHeight;
// continuously checking to see if the pdf file has been loaded
self.interval = setInterval(function () {
if (ifr.contentDocument.readyState === 'complete') {
clearInterval(self.interval);
// doing the actual printing
ifr.contentWindow.print();
}
}, 100);
ifr.src = src;
}
}
}
printy.init();
})(window, document, undefined);
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
This solution is not tested on IE though. We use Macs at work so it was not an option.
In order to do the printing, I use it by calling an URL like this: http://example.com/print.html?path=docs/myfile.pdf

How can I stop the browser back button using JavaScript?

I am doing an online quiz application in PHP. I want to restrict the user from going back in an exam.
I have tried the following script, but it stops my timer.
What should I do?
The timer is stored in file cdtimer.js.
<script type="text/javascript">
window.history.forward();
function noBack()
{
window.history.forward();
}
</script>
<body onLoad="noBack();" onpageshow="if (event.persisted) noBack();" onUnload="">
I have the exam timer which takes a duration for the exam from a MySQL value. The timer starts accordingly, but it stops when I put the code in for disabling the back button. What is my problem?

There are numerous reasons why disabling the back button will not really work. Your best bet is to warn the user:
window.onbeforeunload = function() { return "Your work will be lost."; };
This page does list a number of ways you could try to disable the back button, but none are guaranteed:
http://www.irt.org/script/311.htm

It is generally a bad idea overriding the default behavior of the web browser. A client-side script does not have the sufficient privilege to do this for security reasons.
There are a few similar questions asked as well,
How can I prevent the backspace key from navigating back?
How can I prevent the browser's default history back action for the backspace button with JavaScript?
You can-not actually disable the browser back button. However, you can do magic using your logic to prevent the user from navigating back which will create an impression like it is disabled. Here is how - check out the following snippet.
(function (global) {
if(typeof (global) === "undefined") {
throw new Error("window is undefined");
}
var _hash = "!";
var noBackPlease = function () {
global.location.href += "#";
// Making sure we have the fruit available for juice (^__^)
global.setTimeout(function () {
global.location.href += "!";
}, 50);
};
global.onhashchange = function () {
if (global.location.hash !== _hash) {
global.location.hash = _hash;
}
};
global.onload = function () {
noBackPlease();
// Disables backspace on page except on input fields and textarea..
document.body.onkeydown = function (e) {
var elm = e.target.nodeName.toLowerCase();
if (e.which === 8 && (elm !== 'input' && elm !== 'textarea')) {
e.preventDefault();
}
// Stopping the event bubbling up the DOM tree...
e.stopPropagation();
};
}
})(window);
This is in pure JavaScript, so it would work in most of the browsers. It would also disable the backspace key, but that key will work normally inside input fields and textarea.
Recommended Setup:
Place this snippet in a separate script and include it on a page where you want this behavior. In the current setup it will execute the onload event of the DOM which is the ideal entry point for this code.
Working DEMO!
It was tested and verified in the following browsers,
Chrome.
Firefox.
Internet Explorer (8-11) and Edge.
Safari.

I came across this, needing a solution which worked correctly and "nicely" on a variety of browsers, including Mobile Safari (iOS 9 at time of posting). None of the solutions were quite right. I offer the following (tested on Internet Explorer 11, Firefox, Chrome, and Safari):
history.pushState(null, document.title, location.href);
window.addEventListener('popstate', function (event)
{
history.pushState(null, document.title, location.href);
});
Note the following:
history.forward() (my old solution) does not work on Mobile Safari --- it seems to do nothing (i.e., the user can still go back). history.pushState() does work on all of them.
the third argument to history.pushState() is a url. Solutions which pass a string like 'no-back-button' or 'pagename' seem to work OK, until you then try a Refresh/Reload on the page, at which point a "Page not found" error is generated when the browser tries to locate a page with that as its URL. (The browser is also likely to include that string in the address bar when on the page, which is ugly.) location.href should be used for the URL.
the second argument to history.pushState() is a title. Looking around the web most places say it is "not used", and all the solutions here pass null for that. However, in Mobile Safari at least, that puts the page's URL into the history dropdown the user can access. But when it adds an entry for a page visit normally, it puts in its title, which is preferable. So passing document.title for that results in the same behaviour.

<script>
window.location.hash = "no-back-button";
// Again because Google Chrome doesn't insert
// the first hash into the history
window.location.hash = "Again-No-back-button";
window.onhashchange = function(){
window.location.hash = "no-back-button";
}
</script>

For restricting the browser back event:
window.history.pushState(null, "", window.location.href);
window.onpopstate = function () {
window.history.pushState(null, "", window.location.href);
};

This code will disable the back button for modern browsers which support the HTML5 History API. Under normal circumstances, pushing the back button goes back one step, to the previous page. If you use history.pushState(), you start adding extra sub-steps to the current page. The way it works is, if you were to use history.pushState() three times, then start pushing the back button, the first three times it would navigate back in these sub-steps, and then the fourth time it would go back to the previous page.
If you combine this behaviour with an event listener on the popstate event, you can essentially set up an infinite loop of sub-states. So, you load the page, push a sub-state, then hit the back button, which pops a sub-state and also pushes another one, so if you push the back button again it will never run out of sub-states to push. If you feel that it's necessary to disable the back button, this will get you there.
history.pushState(null, null, 'no-back-button');
window.addEventListener('popstate', function(event) {
history.pushState(null, null, 'no-back-button');
});

How to block coming backwards functionality:
history.pushState(null, null, location.href);
window.onpopstate = function () {
history.go(1);
};

None of the most-upvoted answers worked for me in Chrome 79. It looks like Chrome changed its behavior with respect to the Back button after version 75. See here:
https://support.google.com/chrome/thread/8721521?hl=en
However, in that Google thread, the answer provided by Azrulmukmin Azmi at the very end did work. This is his solution.
<script>
history.pushState(null, document.title, location.href);
history.back();
history.forward();
window.onpopstate = function () {
history.go(1);
};
</script>
The problem with Chrome is that it doesn't trigger onpopstate event
unless you make browser action ( i.e. call history.back). That's why
I've added those to script.
I don't entirely understand what he wrote, but apparently an additional history.back() / history.forward() is now required for blocking Back in Chrome 75+.

React
For modal component in React project, the open or close of the modal, controlling browser back is a necessary action.
The stopBrowserBack: the stop of the browser back button functionality, also get a callback function. This callback function is what you want to do:
const stopBrowserBack = callback => {
window.history.pushState(null, "", window.location.href);
window.onpopstate = () => {
window.history.pushState(null, "", window.location.href);
callback();
};
};
The startBrowserBack: the revival of the browser back button functionality:
const startBrowserBack = () => {
window.onpopstate = undefined;
window.history.back();
};
The usage in your project:
handleOpenModal = () =>
this.setState(
{ modalOpen: true },
() => stopBrowserBack(this.handleCloseModal)
);
handleCloseModal = () =>
this.setState(
{ modalOpen: false },
startBrowserBack
);

This is the way I could it accomplish it.
Weirdly, changing window.location didn't work out fine in Google Chrome and Safari.
It happens that location.hash doesn't create an entry in the history for Chrome and Safari. So you will have to use the pushstate.
This is working for me in all browsers.
history.pushState({ page: 1 }, "title 1", "#nbb");
window.onhashchange = function (event) {
window.location.hash = "nbb";
};

history.pushState(null, null, document.URL);
window.addEventListener('popstate', function () {
history.pushState(null, null, document.URL);
});
This JavaScript code does not allow any user to go back (works in Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Edge).

This article on jordanhollinger.com is the best option I feel. Similar to Razor's answer but a bit clearer. Code below; full credits to Jordan Hollinger:
Page before:
<a href="/page-of-no-return.htm#no-back>You can't go back from the next page</a>
Page of no return's JavaScript:
// It works without the History API, but will clutter up the history
var history_api = typeof history.pushState !== 'undefined'
// The previous page asks that it not be returned to
if ( location.hash == '#no-back' ) {
// Push "#no-back" onto the history, making it the most recent "page"
if ( history_api ) history.pushState(null, '', '#stay')
else location.hash = '#stay'
// When the back button is pressed, it will harmlessly change the url
// hash from "#stay" to "#no-back", which triggers this function
window.onhashchange = function() {
// User tried to go back; warn user, rinse and repeat
if ( location.hash == '#no-back' ) {
alert("You shall not pass!")
if ( history_api ) history.pushState(null, '', '#stay')
else location.hash = '#stay'
}
}
}

<html>
<head>
<title>Disable Back Button in Browser - Online Demo</title>
<style type="text/css">
body, input {
font-family: Calibri, Arial;
}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.history.forward();
function noBack() {
window.history.forward();
}
</script>
</head>
<body onload="noBack();" onpageshow="if (event.persisted) noBack();" onunload="">
<H2>Demo</H2>
<p>This page contains the code to avoid Back button.</p>
<p>Click here to Goto NoBack Page</p>
</body>
</html>

This code was tested with the latest Chrome and Firefox browsers.
<script type="text/javascript">
history.pushState(null, null, location.href);
history.back();
history.forward();
window.onpopstate = function () { history.go(1); };
</script>

Try it with ease:
history.pushState(null, null, document.title);
window.addEventListener('popstate', function () {
history.pushState(null, null, document.title);
});

You can just put a small script and then check. It won't allow you to visit previous page.
This is done in JavaScript.
<script type="text/javascript">
function preventbackbutton() { window.history.forward(); }
setTimeout("preventbackbutton()", 0);
window.onunload = function () { null };
</script>
The window.onunload function fires when you try to visit back or previous page through browser.

Very simple and clean function to break the back arrow without interfering with the page afterward.
Benefits:
Loads instantaneously and restores original hash, so the user isn't distracted by URL visibly changing.
The user can still exit by pressing back 10 times (that's a good thing), but not accidentally
No user interference like other solutions using onbeforeunload
It only runs once and doesn't interfere with further hash manipulations in case you use that to track state
Restores original hash, so almost invisible.
Uses setInterval, so it doesn't break slow browsers and always works.
Pure JavaScript, does not require HTML5 history, works everywhere.
Unobtrusive, simple, and plays well with other code.
Does not use unbeforeunload which interrupts user with modal dialog.
It just works without fuss.
Note: some of the other solutions use onbeforeunload. Please do not use onbeforeunload for this purpose, which pops up a dialog whenever users try to close the window, hit backarrow, etc. Modals like onbeforeunload are usually only appropriate in rare circumstances, such as when they've actually made changes on screen and haven't saved them, not for this purpose.
How It Works
Executes on page load
Saves your original hash (if one is in the URL).
Sequentially appends #/noop/{1..10} to the hash
Restores the original hash
That's it. No further messing around, no background event monitoring, nothing else.
Use It In One Second
To deploy, just add this anywhere on your page or in your JavaScript code:
<script>
/* Break back button */
window.onload = function(){
var i = 0;
var previous_hash = window.location.hash;
var x = setInterval(function(){
i++;
window.location.hash = "/noop/" + i;
if (i==10){
clearInterval(x);
window.location.hash = previous_hash;
}
}, 10);
}
</script>

In a modern browser this seems to work:
// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/History_API
let popHandler = () => {
if (confirm('Go back?')) {
window.history.back()
} else {
window.history.forward()
setTimeout(() => {
window.addEventListener('popstate', popHandler, {once: true})
}, 50) // delay needed since the above is an async operation for some reason
}
}
window.addEventListener('popstate', popHandler, {once: true})
window.history.pushState(null,null,null)

I had this problem with React (class component).
And I solved it easily:
componentDidMount() {
window.addEventListener("popstate", e => {
this.props.history.goForward();
}
}
I've used HashRouter from react-router-dom.

You simply cannot and should not do this. However, this might be helpful:
<script type = "text/javascript" >
history.pushState(null, null, 'pagename');
window.addEventListener('popstate', function(event) {
history.pushState(null, null, 'pagename');
});
</script>
This works in my Google Chrome and Firefox.

This seems to have worked for us in disabling the back button on the browser, as well as the backspace button taking you back.
history.pushState(null, null, $(location).attr('href'));
window.addEventListener('popstate', function () {
history.pushState(null, null, $(location).attr('href'));
});

Just run code snippet right away and try going back
history.pushState(null, null, window.location.href);
history.back();
window.onpopstate = () => history.forward();

<script src="~/main.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.history.forward();
function noBack() {
window.history.forward();
}
</script>

Try this to prevent the backspace button in Internet Explorer which by default acts as "Back":
<script language="JavaScript">
$(document).ready(function() {
$(document).unbind('keydown').bind('keydown', function (event) {
var doPrevent = false;
if (event.keyCode === 8 ) {
var d = event.srcElement || event.target;
if ((d.tagName.toUpperCase() === 'INPUT' &&
(
d.type.toUpperCase() === 'TEXT' ||
d.type.toUpperCase() === 'PASSWORD' ||
d.type.toUpperCase() === 'FILE' ||
d.type.toUpperCase() === 'EMAIL' ||
d.type.toUpperCase() === 'SEARCH' ||
d.type.toUpperCase() === 'DATE' )
) ||
d.tagName.toUpperCase() === 'TEXTAREA') {
doPrevent = d.readOnly || d.disabled;
}
else {
doPrevent = true;
}
}
if (doPrevent) {
event.preventDefault();
}
try {
document.addEventListener('keydown', function (e) {
if ((e.keyCode === 13)) {
//alert('Enter keydown');
e.stopPropagation();
e.preventDefault();
}
}, true);
}
catch (err) {
}
});
});
</script>

It's basically assigning the window's "onbeforeunload" event along with the ongoing document 'mouseenter' / 'mouseleave' events so the alert only triggers when clicks are outside the document scope (which then could be either the back or forward button of the browser)
$(document).on('mouseenter', function(e) {
window.onbeforeunload = null;
}
);
$(document).on('mouseleave', function(e) {
window.onbeforeunload = function() { return "You work will be lost."; };
}
);

Just set location.hash="Something". On pressing the back button, the hash will get removed from the URL, but the page won't go back.
This method is good for preventing going back accidentally, but for security purposes you should design your backend for preventing reanswering.

Some of the solutions here will not prevent a back event from occurring - they let a back event happen (and data held about the page in the browsers memory is lost) and then they play a forward event to try and hide the fact that a back event just happened. Which is unsuccessful if the page held transient state.
I wrote this solution for React (when react router is not being used), which is based on vrfvr's answer.
It will truly stop the back button from doing anything unless the user confirms a popup:
const onHashChange = useCallback(() => {
const confirm = window.confirm(
'Warning - going back will cause you to loose unsaved data. Really go back?',
);
window.removeEventListener('hashchange', onHashChange);
if (confirm) {
setTimeout(() => {
window.history.go(-1);
}, 1);
} else {
window.location.hash = 'no-back';
setTimeout(() => {
window.addEventListener('hashchange', onHashChange);
}, 1);
}
}, []);
useEffect(() => {
window.location.hash = 'no-back';
setTimeout(() => {
window.addEventListener('hashchange', onHashChange);
}, 1);
return () => {
window.removeEventListener('hashchange', onHashChange);
};
}, []);

I create one HTML page (index.html). I also create a one (mechanism.js) inside a script folder / directory. Then, I lay all my content inside of (index.html) using form, table, span, and div tags as needed. Now, here's the trick that will make back / forward do nothing!
First, the fact that you have only one page! Second, the use of JavaScript with span / div tags to hide and display content on the same page when needed via regular links!
Inside 'index.html':
<td width="89px" align="right" valign="top" style="letter-spacing:1px;">
<small>
<b>
IN
</b>
</small>
[ <span id="inCountSPN">0</span> ]
</td>
Inside 'mechanism.js':
function DisplayInTrafficTable()
{
var itmsCNT = 0;
var dsplyIn = "";
for (i=0; i<inTraffic.length; i++)
{
dsplyIn += "<tr><td width='11'></td><td align='right'>" + (++itmsCNT) + "</td><td width='11'></td><td><b>" + inTraffic[i] + "</b></td><td width='11'></td><td>" + entryTimeArray[i] + "</td><td width='11'></td><td>" + entryDateArray[i] + "</td><td width='11'></td></tr>";
}
document.getElementById('inOutSPN').innerHTML =
"" +
"<table border='0' style='background:#fff;'><tr><th colspan='21' style='background:#feb;padding:11px;'><h3 style='margin-bottom:-1px;'>INCOMING TRAFFIC REPORT</h3>" +
DateStamp() +
" - <small><a href='#' style='letter-spacing:1px;' onclick='OpenPrintableIn();'>PRINT</a></small></th></tr><tr style='background:#eee;'><td></td><td><b>###</b></td><td></td><td><b>ID #</b></td><td></td><td width='79'><b>TYPE</b></td><td></td><td><b>FIRST</b></td><td></td><td><b>LAST</b></td><td></td><td><b>PLATE #</b></td><td></td><td><b>COMPANY</b></td><td></td><td><b>TIME</b></td><td></td><td><b>DATE</b></td><td></td><td><b>IN / OUT</b></td><td></td></tr>" +
dsplyIn.toUpperCase() +
"</table>" +
"";
return document.getElementById('inOutSPN').innerHTML;
}
It looks hairy, but note the function names and calls, embedded HTML, and the span tag id calls. This was to show how you can inject different HTML into same span tag on same page! How can Back/Forward affect this design? It cannot, because you are hiding objects and replacing others all on the same page!
How can we hide and display? Here goes:
Inside functions in ' mechanism.js ' as needed, use:
document.getElementById('textOverPic').style.display = "none"; //hide
document.getElementById('textOverPic').style.display = ""; //display
Inside ' index.html ' call functions through links:
<img src="images/someimage.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="textOverPic" id="textOverPic"></span>
and
Introduction

In my case this was a shopping order. So I disabled the button. When the user clicked back, the button was disabled still. When they clicked back one more time, and then clicked a page button to go forward. I knew their order was submitted and skipped to another page.
In the case when the page actually refreshed which would make the button (theoretically), available; I was then able to react in the page load that the order was already submitted and redirected then too.

This code is full javascript.
Put this on your home page or whatever you need when someon goes back it brings them to the page they were previously on.
<script type="text/javascript">
function preventBack() {
window.history.forward();
}
setTimeout("preventBack()", 0);
window.onunload = function () { null };
</script>

One time page refresh after first page load

I would like to implement a JavaScript code which states this:
if the page is loaded completely, refresh the page immediately, but only once.
I'm stuck at the "only once":
window.onload = function () {window.location.reload()}
this gives a loop without the "only once". jQuery is loaded if this helps.

I'd say use hash, like this:
window.onload = function() {
if(!window.location.hash) {
window.location = window.location + '#loaded';
window.location.reload();
}
}

When I meet this problem, I search to here but most of answers are trying to modify existing url. Here is another answer which works for me using localStorage.
<script type='text/javascript'>
(function()
{
if( window.localStorage )
{
if( !localStorage.getItem('firstLoad') )
{
localStorage['firstLoad'] = true;
window.location.reload();
}
else
localStorage.removeItem('firstLoad');
}
})();
</script>

<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
//Check if the current URL contains '#'
if(document.URL.indexOf("#")==-1){
// Set the URL to whatever it was plus "#".
url = document.URL+"#";
location = "#";
//Reload the page
location.reload(true);
}
});
</script>
Due to the if condition the page will reload only once.I faced this problem too and when I search ,I found this nice solution.
This works for me fine.

Check this Link it contains a java-script code that you can use to refresh your page only once
http://www.hotscripts.com/forums/javascript/4460-how-do-i-have-page-automatically-refesh-only-once.html
There are more than one way to refresh your page:
solution1:
To refresh a page once each time it opens use:
<head>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Pragma" CONTENT="no-cache">
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Expires" CONTENT="-1">
</head>
sollution2:
<script language=" JavaScript" >
<!--
function LoadOnce()
{
window.location.reload();
}
//-->
</script>
Then change your to say
<Body onLoad=" LoadOnce()" >
solution3:
response.setIntHeader("Refresh", 1);
But this solution will refresh the page more than one time depend on the time you specifying
I hope that will help you

<script>
function reloadIt() {
if (window.location.href.substr(-2) !== "?r") {
window.location = window.location.href + "?r";
}
}
setTimeout('reloadIt()', 1000)();
</script>
this works perfectly

Finally, I got a solution for reloading page once after two months research.
It works fine on my clientside JS project.
I wrote a function that below reloading page only once.
1) First getting browser domloading time
2) Get current timestamp
3) Browser domloading time + 10 seconds
4) If Browser domloading time + 10 seconds bigger than current now timestamp then page is able to be refreshed via "reloadPage();"
But if it's not bigger than 10 seconds that means page is just reloaded thus It will not be reloaded repeatedly.
5) Therefore if you call "reloadPage();" function in somewhere in your js file page will only be reloaded once.
Hope that helps somebody
// Reload Page Function //
function reloadPage() {
var currentDocumentTimestamp = new Date(performance.timing.domLoading).getTime();
// Current Time //
var now = Date.now();
// Total Process Lenght as Minutes //
var tenSec = 10 * 1000;
// End Time of Process //
var plusTenSec = currentDocumentTimestamp + tenSec;
if (now > plusTenSec) {
location.reload();
}
}
// You can call it in somewhere //
reloadPage();

i put this inside my head tags of the page i want a single reload on:
<?php if(!isset($_GET['mc'])) {
echo '<meta http-equiv="refresh" content= "0;URL=?mc=mobile" />';
} ?>
the value "mc" can be set to whatever you want, but both must match in the 2 lines. and the "=mobile" can be "=anythingyouwant" it just needs a value to stop the refresh.

Use window.localStorage... like this:
var refresh = window.localStorage.getItem('refresh');
console.log(refresh);
if (refresh===null){
window.location.reload();
window.localStorage.setItem('refresh', "1");
}
It works for me.

After </body> tag:
<script type="text/javascript">
if (location.href.indexOf('reload')==-1)
{
location.href=location.href+'?reload';
}
</script>

You can make one verable once = false then reload your page with if else like if once == false reload page an make once true.

You'd need to use either GET or POST information. GET would be simplest. Your JS would check the URL, if a certain param wasn't found, it wouldn't just refresh the page, but rather send the user to a "different" url, which would be the same URL but with the GET parameter in it.
For example:
http://example.com -->will refresh
http://example.com?refresh=no -->won't refresh
If you don't want the messy URL, then I'd include some PHP right at the beginning of the body that echos a hidden value that essentitally says whether the necessary POST param for not refreshing the page was included in the initial page request. Right after that, you'd include some JS to check that value and refresh the page WITH that POST information if necessary.

Try with this
var element = document.getElementById('position');
element.scrollIntoView(true);`

Please try with the code below
var windowWidth = $(window).width();
$(window).resize(function() {
if(windowWidth != $(window).width()){
location.reload();
return;
}
});

Here is another solution with setTimeout, not perfect, but it works:
It requires a parameter in the current url, so just image the current url looks like this:
www.google.com?time=1
The following code make the page reload just once:
// Reload Page Function //
// get the time parameter //
let parameter = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
let time = parameter.get("time");
console.log(time)//1
let timeId;
if (time == 1) {
// reload the page after 0 ms //
timeId = setTimeout(() => {
window.location.reload();//
}, 0);
// change the time parameter to 0 //
let currentUrl = new URL(window.location.href);
let param = new URLSearchParams(currentUrl.search);
param.set("time", 0);
// replace the time parameter in url to 0; now it is 0 not 1 //
window.history.replaceState({}, "", `${currentUrl.pathname}?${param}`);
// cancel the setTimeout function after 0 ms //
let currentTime = Date.now();
if (Date.now() - currentTime > 0) {
clearTimeout(timeId);
}
}
The accepted answer uses the least amount of code and is easy to understand. I just provided another solution to this.
Hope this helps others.

React Hook worked for me.
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
const [load, setLoad] = useState(false);
window.onload = function pageLoad() {
if (load) {
window.location.reload(true);
setLoad(false);
}
};

nothing work for me perfectly except this, -added to my JavaScript file-:
function LoadOnce() {
if (localStorage.getItem('executed') == 'false') {
window.location.reload()
localStorage.setItem('executed', true)
}
}
setTimeout(function () {
LoadOnce()
}, 100)
and in the previous page I wrote:
localStorage.setItem('executed', false)

I got the Answer from here and modified it.This is the perfect solution for me.
var refresh = window.localStorage.getItem('refresh');
console.log(refresh);
setTimeout(function() {
if (refresh===null){
window.location.reload();
window.localStorage.setItem('refresh', "1");
}
}, 1500); // 1500 milliseconds = 1.5 seconds
setTimeout(function() {
localStorage.removeItem('refresh')
}, 1700); // 1700 milliseconds = 1.7 seconds

var foo = true;
if (foo){
window.location.reload(true);
foo = false;
}

use this
<body onload = "if (location.search.length < 1){window.location.reload()}">

Use rel="external"
like below is the example
<li>Home</li>