Develop Reference

Why can't I pass a json array as data when doing GET request with jquery ajax?

If I run a get request like this:
$.ajax({
url: 'http://localhost:8000/api/points/',
contentType:"application/json",
dataType: "json",
data: JSON.stringify({"content_type":content_type,"object_id":object_id}),
type: 'GET',
}).error(function(r){ $(output).text('error') })
.success(function(r){
$(output).text(r.count);
})
Its request goes to:
http://localhost:8000/api/points/?{%22content_type%22:8,%22object_id%22:40}
Obviously that's bad. It works okay if I don't do JSON.stringify(), but why is that?
Curiously if I do a POST request it's the opposite! I have to stringify the data or it won't work. So why the difference?

First of all let's fix your request:
var req = $.ajax({
method: "GET",
url: "http://localhost:8000/api/points/",
dataType: "json", // is you telling jQuery what kind of response to expect.
data : {id : '12345'}
});
req.done(function(data){
// do something with the data
});
req.fail(function(jqXHR, status, err){
// do something in case of failure
throw err;
});
Next get to know what you are dealing with :
data : PlainObject or String or Array
Data to be sent to the server. It is converted to a query string, if not already a string. It's appended to the url for GET-requests. By default, data passed in to the data option as an object (technically, anything other than a string) will be processed and transformed into a query string, fitting to the default content-type "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".
Note: The jqXHR.success(), jqXHR.error(), and jqXHR.complete() callbacks will be deprecated in jQuery 1.8. To prepare your code for their eventual removal, use jqXHR.done(), jqXHR.fail(), and jqXHR.always() instead.
At last:
No need for : JSON.stringify({"content_type":content_type,"object_id":object_id}) as it is a wrong way to do it with JSON.stringify just :
{ 'content_type' : 'type', 'object_id' : 'id' }

Urahara's answer contains some useful suggestions, but does not seem to address your question.
Well, it seems that your server side code is expecting to find a json object in the body of the POST request. Why would that be? Because you specify that the content type be "application/json". So in the case of a PUT case, when you use JSON.stringify your data in the $.ajax call is a string that happens to represent a JSON object. This is passed as is and so this works. You end up sending something like
{"content_type":8, "object_id":40}
as the body of your POST request and your server side code is happy to process this. Not sure exactly what your server-side technology is, but presumably it also binds content_type to 8 and object_id to 40, which makes you happy :-)
But when you do not use JSON.stringify to turn the object into a JSON string, you end up passing the object itself to $.ajax having it turn it into a string in the way it knows how. Well, it only knows only one: the good old url-encoding way. So the server, would still be expecting a JSON object but would instead be getting
content_type=8&object_id=40
as the body of the PUT request. It will not be happy. This is not a JSON object like your content-type promised! :-)
Now, moving on to the case of a GET request. Here the content-type is pretty much irrelevant as the message body will be empty. If you use JSON.stringify what you pass as the request data is a weird JSON-object representing string and the monstrosity that you get as a URL
http://localhost:8000/api/points/?{%22content_type%22:8,%22object_id%22:40}
is as you 'd expect not very well received by the server. What the server is happy with is something like
http://localhost:8000/api/points/?content_type=8&object_id=40
Which is exactly what $.ajax produces when you do not use JSON.stringify but rather pass it a nice pair of attribute-value pairs. It just url-encodes them, exactly like it did in the PUT case, and the server is happy.
So $.ajax always url-encodes objects consisting of attribute-value pairs. This is fine in most cases. One way to fix your code to do a POST without using JSON.stringify would be to simply not put a content type parameter in the $.ajax call (in which case the default, 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8' will be used).
But if you want to pass more complex, deeply hierarchical objects, using some object serialisation format you have to set the appropriate content type and pass the data as a string using the corresponding encoding (JSON, XML, etc.) like you did here.
Hope that answers your question :-)
Please also have a look at http://api.jquery.com/jquery.ajax/

Passing multiple arguments through HTTP GET

I have an HTML file referencing a PHP script to perform various functions. One of the ways the HTML file calls the PHP script is through an HTTP GET. The GET request should pass three parameters and return a list of all saved events as a JSON-encoded response.
So far, I have the following but I'm not sure how to pass the three arguments through the HTTP GET. Also, I'm not sure if I am returning the JSON-encoded response correctly:
if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'GET'){
echo json_encode(events.json); }

GET requests are done through the URL... So if you want to pass three GET requests you would do...
http://www.domain.com/target.php?param1=whatever&param2=whatever&param3=whatever
target.php represents the PHP script file you want to send the information to. You can have as many variables as you want but just keep in mind that every other GET request has to be separated by an & symbol. The first param simply has to be started off with a ? symbol.
If you want to use Javascript, I would recommend using JQuery. You can do something like this
$.get('target.php?param1='+whatever+'&param2='+whatever2, function(data) {
alert(data);
});
Or you can use window.location to send a link with the appropriate link above.
If you want to use AJAX specifically, here is a way of doing it with JQuery (there are ways with Javascript that I could update later if necessary:
$.ajax({
type: "GET",
url: "http://www.domain.com/target.php",
data: { param1 : "whatever", param2 : "whatever", param3 : "whatever" },
success: function(result){
//do something with result
}
})
If you want to access the variables, you can call $_GET['param1'] or $_REQUEST['param1'] to get access to them in PHP. Simply change the name in the brackets to the desired variable you want and store it in a variable.
If you want to access the params with Javascript... well the most efficient way is to go and decode the URL that was used and pull them out. See here
Hope this helps!

You can access the parameters from the URL via the $_GET superglobal in PHP.
For example, if your URL is http://example.com/test.php?param1=foo&param2=bar, then you could access them in PHP like so:
$param1 = $_GET['param1'];
$param2 = $_GET['param2'];
See http://www.php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.get.php for more details.
As for returning a valid JSON response, you can check out this answer. It uses PHP's header function.

Use and meaning of data: { get_param: 'value' } in jQuery ajax + JSON

I am parsing generated json with jquery $.ajax but there is one option that I dont understand. I saw it in some examples and tried to look for at jquery.com but still not sure about it:
this option is:
data: { get_param: 'value' }
which is used like this:
$.ajax({
type: 'GET',
url: 'http://example/functions.php',
data: { get_param: 'value' }, //why we shell use that in that case?
success: function (data) {
var names = data
$('#cand').html(data);
}
});
I know that "data:" is what sent to the server but parsing JSON I thought i don't send but retrieve from server with GET type. And the next part "get_param: 'value'"
does not make sense to me in that case either, could anyone please explain when and what for and in what cases it shell be used?
thank you.

I know that "data" is what sent to the server
Yes. If data is an object, it gets serialized to an application/x-www-form-urlencoded string and then placed in the query string or request body as appropriate for the request type (GET/POST).
jQuery does all the escaping necessary for this.
(It also, by default, collapses nested data structures (you don't have any in your example) into PHP-style by adding [] to key names).
but parsing JSON
JSON is not involved (unless the server responds with some).
when and what for and in what cases it shell be used
Whenever you want to pass data to the server rather than requesting a static URI.

You don't send JSON (usually), you send simple GET or POST HTTP parameters. They are given to the ajax method in an object literal usually, but you could have used the string "getparam=value", too. If you provide an object, jQuery will do the parameter-serialisation and URL-encoding for you - they're sent as x-www-form-urlencoded.
To cite from the docs:
data (Object, String)
Data to be sent to the server. It is converted to a query string, if
not already a string. It's appended to the url for GET-requests. See
processData option to prevent this automatic processing. Object must
be Key/Value pairs. If value is an Array, jQuery serializes multiple
values with same key based on the value of the traditional setting.

Should be really simple Jquery jsonp

Why does this not work? anybody:
In my code I have:
$.getJSON("http://isp123.co.uk/cw/NorthWales/Test.txt?jsoncallback=?",
function(data){
//This never gets executed
alert('here');
});
The text file can be viewed here:
http://isp123.co.uk/cw/NorthWales/Test.txt

This is not a JSONP response:
({"name" : "hello world"});
If you had a proper JSONP response, then your code should work.
The question mark in the "callback=?" part of the URL is changed by jQuery before making the request, your JSONP server needs to be able to dynamically create the JSONP "function" in response to the unique jQuery request. If you can't dynamically create your JSONP, perhaps you could use YQL/Yahoo pipes to turn it into JSONP?
This pipe should do the trick, to see if it works, use this URL instead in your getJSON function: http://pipes.yahoo.com/pipes/pipe.run?u=http%3A%2F%2Fisp123.co.uk%2Fcw%2FNorthWales%2FTest.txt&_id=332d9216d8910ba39e6c2577fd321a6a&_render=json&_callback=?
I just tried this and it worked:
$.getJSON("http://pipes.yahoo.com/pipes/pipe.run?u=http%3A%2F%2Fisp123.co.uk%2Fcw%2FNorthWales%2FTest.txt&_id=332d9216d8910ba39e6c2577fd321a6a&_render=json&_callback=?", function(data){
//This always gets executed!!!
alert('here');
});

I don't know if you know enough about JSONP but this is not JSONP
?({"name" : "hello world"});
It really should be something like this http://isp123.co.uk/cw/NorthWales/Test.txt?jsoncallback=foo
foo({"name" : "hello world"});

From the jQuery.getJson manual page:
Important: As of jQuery 1.4, if the JSON file contains a syntax error, the request will usually fail silently. Avoid frequent hand-editing of JSON data for this reason. JSON is a data-interchange format with syntax rules that are stricter than those of JavaScript's object literal notation. For example, all strings represented in JSON, whether they are properties or values, must be enclosed in double-quotes. For details on the JSON format, see http://json.org/.
Your JSON is invalid according to http://jsonlint.com/

Here Clearly mentioned
As of jQuery 1.5, setting the jsonp
option to false prevents jQuery from
adding the "?callback" string to the
URL or attempting to use "=?" for
transformation. In this case, you
should also explicitly set the
jsonpCallback setting
and read jsonpCallback section
jsonpCallback,
Specify the callback function name for
a JSONP request. This value will be
used instead of the random name
automatically generated by jQuery. It
is preferable to let jQuery generate a
unique name as it'll make it easier to
manage the requests and provide
callbacks and error handling. You may
want to specify the callback when you
want to enable better browser caching
of GET requests. As of jQuery 1.5, you
can also use a function for this
setting, in which case the value of
jsonpCallback is set to the return
value of that function

Probably worth using jQuery.ajax() - http://api.jquery.com/jQuery.ajax/
You can pass in the dataType as "jsonp" and then jQuery takes care of all the callback business, but more importantly you can specify a function to run when there's an error, which may help you:
$.ajax({
dataType: "jsonp",
success: function(d) {console.log(d);},
error: function() { console.log("error") } //do your debugging in here
//add other parameters such as URL, etc
});
The error function you define can be passed 3 variables, read up on it on the ajax() page on the jQuery docs (linked at the beginning of my post) to find out more about that and how to use them.

Your problem lies with how your server is outputting the information. In the link you've supplied, the assumption is that any name placed in the ?jsonpcallback should result in wrapping the JSONP code in a function with that same name. It, however, is not the case.
So the next option is this: use a static function name in your server file and wrap the code. (e.g. use foo(<jsonp>) and stick with it) Then, you have to explicitly tell jQuery that we are going to use a specific function name (leave jQuery with the assumption it's supplying (and thus receiving) that name back, when in-fact you're just supplying it server side and filling in the blanks).
Once you have your file setup, use something like the following:
$.ajax({
// setup the request
url: 'http://isp123.co.uk/cw/NorthWales/Test.txt',
crossDomain: true,
dataType: 'jsonp',
jsonp: false,
jsonpCallback: 'foo', // "supply" the jsonp function (pseudo-defined)
// function to call when completed
complete: function(data){
alert(data);
}
// just in case, catch the error
error: function(j,t,e){
alert('AJAX Error');
}
});
So now when jQuery makes the call and it thinks it's supplying the callback, it's really just getting the server-defined callback in return. So, for the above to work, your text file should look something like this:
foo({name:"Hello, World!"});
Also, if you can, change your header to application/javascript, though this is some-what optional.

Is it possible to use javascript to download JSON object from another domain/server?

What would that code look like?

That other domain/server needs to support JSONP, which basically wraps the JSON in a callback.
In jQuery, the call would look like this:
$.getJSON(
'http://otherdomain.com/api/whatever?callback=?',
{ key: 'value', otherkey: true },
function(data){
//handle response
}
);
The actual response from the other server (if you looked at what was actually being sent) would look like this:
// With this url:
http://domain.com/api/method?callback=the_callback_function_name
// The response would look like this:
the_callback_function_name({ "json": "data here"});
The jQuery getJSON method automatically handles JSONP when you supply the extra callback=?. Just keep in mind some sites using different names like json_callback=?. The important part is that you include it as part of the URL and don't try to add callback: '?' to the data part of the getJSON function.

Only via JSONP. Whether you use jQuery or some other framework, it boils down to a script block like this:
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://path.to/your/javascript"></script>
The <script> block is immune from cross-domain restrictions. The caveat is that the service should support JSONP as well. If the script returns a JSON object like this:
{a: 0, b: 1}
The object will be evaluated but nothing happens. But JSONP services accept a callback function name something like this
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://path.to/your/javascript?callback=yourCallbackFunction"></script>
and wrap the data as a parameter to your callback like this:
yourCallbackFunction({a: 0, b: 1});
So that the function is called when the script is evaluated.

You can use JSONP. in jQuery, try getJSON: http://api.jquery.com/jQuery.getJSON/

Instead you should use a local proxy. Set up a asp.net/php page that will load the remote page on the back end and then use ajax to load the proxy page.