I have a div with two images and an h1. All of them need to be vertically aligned within the div, next to each other. One of the images needs to be absolute positioned within the div.
What is the CSS needed for this to work on all common browsers?
<div id="header">
<img src=".." ></img>
<h1>testing...</h1>
<img src="..."></img>
</div>
Wow, this problem is popular. It's based on a misunderstanding in the vertical-align property. This excellent article explains it:
Understanding vertical-align, or "How (Not) To Vertically Center Content" by Gavin Kistner.
“How to center in CSS” is a great web tool which helps to find the necessary CSS centering attributes for different situations.
In a nutshell (and to prevent link rot):
Inline elements (and only inline elements) can be vertically aligned in their context via vertical-align: middle. However, the “context” isn’t the whole parent container height, it’s the height of the text line they’re in. jsfiddle example
For block elements, vertical alignment is harder and strongly depends on the specific situation:
If the inner element can have a fixed height, you can make its position absolute and specify its height, margin-top and top position. jsfiddle example
If the centered element consists of a single line and its parent height is fixed you can simply set the container’s line-height to fill its height. This method is quite versatile in my experience. jsfiddle example
… there are more such special cases.
Now that Flexbox support is increasing, this CSS applied to the containing element would vertically center all contained items (except for those items that specify the alignment themselves, e.g. align-self:start)
.container {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}
Use the prefixed version if you also need to target Internet Explorer 10, and older (< 4.4 (KitKat)) Android browsers:
.container {
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: -webkit-flex;
display: flex;
-ms-flex-align: center;
-webkit-align-items: center;
-webkit-box-align: center;
align-items: center;
}
I used this very simple code:
div.ext-box { display: table; width:100%;}
div.int-box { display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; }
<div class="ext-box">
<div class="int-box">
<h2>Some txt</h2>
<p>bla bla bla</p>
</div>
</div>
Obviously, whether you use a .class or an #id, the result won't change.
.outer {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
It worked for me:
.vcontainer {
min-height: 10em;
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: middle;
}
Vertically and horizontally align element
Use either of these. The result would be the same:
Bootstrap 4
CSS3
1. Bootstrap 4.3+
For vertical alignment: d-flex align-items-center
For horizontal alignment: d-flex justify-content-center
For vertical and horizontal alignment: d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center
.container {
height: 180px;
width:100%;
background-color: blueviolet;
}
.container > div {
background-color: white;
padding: 1rem;
}
<link href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css"
rel="stylesheet"/>
<div class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center container">
<div>I am in Center</div>
</div>
2. CSS 3
.container {
height: 180px;
width:100%;
background-color: blueviolet;
}
.container > div {
background-color: white;
padding: 1rem;
}
.center {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
<div class="container center">
<div>I am in Center</div>
</div>
A technique from a friend of mine:
div:before {content:" "; display:inline-block; height:100%; vertical-align:middle;}
div p {display:inline-block;}
<div style="height:100px; border:1px solid;">
<p style="border:1px dotted;">I'm vertically centered.</p>
</div>
Demo here.
To position block elements to the center (works in Internet Explorer 9 and above), it needs a wrapper div:
.vcontainer {
position: relative;
top: 50%;
transform: translateY(-50%);
-webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);
}
Use this formula, and it will work always without cracks:
#outer {height: 400px; overflow: hidden; position: relative;}
#outer[id] {display: table; position: static;}
#middle {position: absolute; top: 50%;} /* For explorer only*/
#middle[id] {display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;}
#inner {position: relative; top: -50%} /* For explorer only */
/* Optional: #inner[id] {position: static;} */
<div id="outer">
<div id="middle">
<div id="inner">
any text
any height
any content, for example generated from DB
everything is vertically centered
</div>
</div>
</div>
All of them need to be vertically aligned within the div
Aligned how? Tops of the images aligned with the top of the text?
One of the images needs to be absolute positioned within the div.
Absolutely positioned relative to the DIV? Perhaps you could sketch out what you're looking for...?
fd has described the steps for absolute positioning, as well as adjusting the display of the H1 element such that images will appear inline with it. To that, i'll add that you can align the images by use of the vertical-align style:
#header h1 { display: inline; }
#header img { vertical-align: middle; }
...this would put the header and images together, with top edges aligned. Other alignment options exist; see the documentation. You might also find it beneficial to drop the DIV and move the images inside the H1 element - this provides semantic value to the container, and removes the need to adjust the display of the H1:
<h1 id=header">
<img src=".." ></img>
testing...
<img src="..."></img>
</h1>
Almost all methods needs to specify the height, but often we don't have any heights.
So here is a CSS 3 three-line trick that doesn't require to know the height.
.element {
position: relative;
top: 50%;
transform: translateY(-50%);
}
It's supported even in IE9.
with its vendor prefixes:
.element {
position: relative;
top: 50%;
-webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);
-ms-transform: translateY(-50%);
transform: translateY(-50%);
}
Source: Vertical align anything with just 3 lines of CSS
Three ways to make a center child div in a parent div
Absolute positioning method
Flexbox method
Transform/translate method
Demo
/* Absolute Positioning Method */
.parent1 {
background: darkcyan;
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
position: relative;
}
.child1 {
background: white;
height: 30px;
width: 30px;
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
margin: -15px;
}
/* Flexbox Method */
.parent2 {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
background: darkcyan;
height: 200px;
width: 200px;
}
.child2 {
background: white;
height: 30px;
width: 30px;
}
/* Transform/Translate Method */
.parent3 {
position: relative;
height: 200px;
width: 200px;
background: darkcyan;
}
.child3 {
background: white;
height: 30px;
width: 30px;
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}
<div class="parent1">
<div class="child1"></div>
</div>
<hr />
<div class="parent2">
<div class="child2"></div>
</div>
<hr />
<div class="parent3">
<div class="child3"></div>
</div>
My trick is to put a table inside the div with one row and one column, set 100% of width and height, and the property vertical-align:middle:
<div>
<table style="width:100%; height:100%;">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;">
BUTTON TEXT
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
Fiddle:
http://jsfiddle.net/joan16v/sbqjnn9q/
Using display flex, first you need to wrap the container of the item that you want to align:
<div class="outdiv">
<div class="indiv">
<span>test1</span>
<span>test2</span>
</div>
</div>
Then apply the following CSS content to wrap div or outdiv in my example:
.outdiv {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
Using CSS to vertical center, you can let the outer containers act like a table, and the content as a table cell. In this format your objects will stay centered. :)
I nested multiple objects in JSFiddle for an example, but the core idea is like this:
HTML
<div class="circle">
<div class="content">
Some text
</div>
</div>
CSS
.circle {
/* Act as a table so we can center vertically its child */
display: table;
/* Set dimensions */
height: 200px;
width: 200px;
/* Horizontal center text */
text-align: center;
/* Create a red circle */
border-radius: 100%;
background: red;
}
.content {
/* Act as a table cell */
display: table-cell;
/* And now we can vertically center! */
vertical-align: middle;
/* Some basic markup */
font-size: 30px;
font-weight: bold;
color: white;
}
The multiple objects example:
HTML
<div class="container">
<div class="content">
<div class="centerhoriz">
<div class="circle">
<div class="content">
Some text
</div><!-- content -->
</div><!-- circle -->
<div class="square">
<div class="content">
<div id="smallcircle"></div>
</div><!-- content -->
</div><!-- square -->
</div><!-- center-horiz -->
</div><!-- content -->
</div><!-- container -->
CSS
.container {
display: table;
height: 500px;
width: 300px;
text-align: center;
background: lightblue;
}
.centerhoriz {
display: inline-block;
}
.circle {
display: table;
height: 200px;
width: 200px;
text-align: center;
background: red;
border-radius: 100%;
margin: 10px;
}
.square {
display: table;
height: 200px;
width: 200px;
text-align: center;
background: blue;
margin: 10px;
}
.content {
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: middle;
font-size: 30px;
font-weight: bold;
color: white;
}
#smallcircle {
display: inline-block;
height: 50px;
width: 50px;
background: green;
border-radius: 100%;
}
Result
https://jsfiddle.net/martjemeyer/ybs032uc/1/
I have found a new workaround to vertically align multiple text-lines in a div using CSS 3 (and I am also using bootstrap v3 grid system to beautify the UI), which is as below:
.immediate-parent-of-text-containing-div {
height: 50px; /* Or any fixed height that suits you. */
}
.text-containing-div {
display: inline-grid;
align-items: center;
text-align: center;
height: 100%;
}
As per my understanding, the immediate parent of text containing element must have some height.
We may use a CSS function calculation to calculate the size of the element and then position the child element accordingly.
Example HTML:
<div class="box">
<span>Some Text</span>
</div>
And CSS:
.box {
display: block;
background: #60D3E8;
position: relative;
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
text-align: center;
}
.box span {
font: bold 20px/20px 'source code pro', sans-serif;
position: absolute;
left: 0;
right: 0;
top: calc(50% - 10px);
}
a {
color: white;
text-decoration: none;
}
Demo created here: https://jsfiddle.net/xnjq1t22/
This solution works well with responsive div height and width as well.
Note: The calc function is not tested for compatiblity with old browsers.
Using only a Bootstrap class:
div: class="container d-flex"
element inside div: class="m-auto"
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.5.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" crossorigin="anonymous">
<div class="container d-flex mt-5" style="height:110px; background-color: #333;">
<h2 class="m-auto">H➲VER➾M⇡ND</h2>
</div>
By default h1 is a block element and will render on the line after the first img, and will cause the second img to appear on the line following the block.
To stop this from occurring you can set the h1 to have inline flow behaviour:
#header > h1 { display: inline; }
As for absolutely positioning the img inside the div, you need to set the containing div to have a "known size" before this will work properly. In my experience, you also need to change the position attribute away from the default - position: relative works for me:
#header { position: relative; width: 20em; height: 20em; }
#img-for-abs-positioning { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; }
If you can get that to work, you might want to try progressively removing the height, width, position attributes from div.header to get the minimal required attributes to get the effect you want.
UPDATE:
Here is a complete example that works on Firefox 3:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Example of vertical positioning inside a div</title>
<style type="text/css">
#header > h1 { display: inline; }
#header { border: solid 1px red;
position: relative; }
#img-for-abs-positioning { position: absolute;
bottom: -1em; right: 2em; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="header">
<img src="#" alt="Image 1" width="40" height="40" />
<h1>Header</h1>
<img src="#" alt="Image 2" width="40" height="40"
id="img-for-abs-positioning" />
</div>
</body>
</html>
My new favorite way to do it is with a CSS grid:
/* technique */
.wrapper {
display: inline-grid;
grid-auto-flow: column;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
/* visual emphasis */
.wrapper {
border: 1px solid red;
height: 180px;
width: 400px;
}
img {
width: 100px;
height: 80px;
background: #fafafa;
}
img:nth-child(2) {
height: 120px;
}
<div class="wrapper">
<img src="https://source.unsplash.com/random/100x80/?bear">
<img src="https://source.unsplash.com/random/100x120/?lion">
<img src="https://source.unsplash.com/random/100x80/?tiger">
</div>
Just use a one-cell table inside the div! Just set the cell and table height and with to 100% and you can use the vertical-align.
A one-cell table inside the div handles the vertical-align and is backward compatible back to the Stone Age!
For me, it worked this way:
<div style="width:70px; height:68px; float:right; display: table-cell; line-height: 68px">
Login
</div>
The "a" element converted to a button, using Bootstrap classes, and it is now vertically centered inside an outer "div".
I have been using the following solution (with no positioning and no line height) since over a year, it works with Internet Explorer 7 and Internet Explorer 8 as well.
<style>
.outer {
font-size: 0;
width: 400px;
height: 400px;
background: orange;
text-align: center;
display: inline-block;
}
.outer .emptyDiv {
height: 100%;
background: orange;
visibility: collapse;
}
.outer .inner {
padding: 10px;
background: red;
font: bold 12px Arial;
}
.verticalCenter {
display: inline-block;
*display: inline;
zoom: 1;
vertical-align: middle;
}
</style>
<div class="outer">
<div class="emptyDiv verticalCenter"></div>
<div class="inner verticalCenter">
<p>Line 1</p>
<p>Line 2</p>
</div>
</div>
This is my personal solution for an i element inside a div.
JSFiddle Example
HTML
<div class="circle">
<i class="fa fa-plus icon">
</i></div>
CSS
.circle {
border-radius: 50%;
color: blue;
background-color: red;
height:100px;
width:100px;
text-align: center;
line-height: 100px;
}
.icon {
font-size: 50px;
vertical-align: middle;
}
Just this:
<div>
<table style="width: 100%; height: 100%">
<tr>
<td style="width: 100%; height: 100%; vertical-align: middle;">
What ever you want vertically-aligned
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
A one-cell table inside the div handles the vertical-align and is backward compatible back to the Stone Age!
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
#style_center { position:relative; top:50%; left:50%; }
#style_center_absolute { position:absolute; top:50px; left:50px; }
<!--#style_center { position:relative; top:50%; left:50%; height:50px; margin-top:-25px; }-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div style="height:200px; width:200px; background:#00FF00">
<div id="style_center">+</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Here is just another (responsive) approach:
html,
body {
height: 100%;
}
body {
margin: 0;
}
.table {
display: table;
width: auto;
table-layout:auto;
height: 100%;
}
.table:nth-child(even) {
background: #a9edc3;
}
.table:nth-child(odd) {
background: #eda9ce;
}
.tr {
display: table-row;
}
.td {
display: table-cell;
width: 50%;
vertical-align: middle;
}
http://jsfiddle.net/herrfischerhamburg/JcVxz/
<div id="header" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align:middle;">
...
or CSS
.someClass
{
display: table-cell;
vertical-align:middle;
}
Browser Coverage
I have a div which represents a basket for an e-commerce website. This div is absolute positioned and fades into the screen when the user clicks the basket icon. I have deactivated the main page's scrolling so that the sole focus is on the basket div once it emerges onto the screen.
What I am having a problem with is this; if the user adds enough items to the basket, the div expands in height, off the screens view, and the user can not scroll down to view all items in the basket. The items are added to the basket through a click event.
I want the div to be restrictred to a certain height. But because it is an absolute positioned element, I do not know how exactly to go about adding a scrolling feture. I have added a parent div with the position of relative but that still doesnt work.
Thanks for the helpful responses in advance!
CODE:
#bakset-container {
position: relative;
height: 400px;
overflow: scroll;
width: 100%;
}
#basket-content {
z-index: 10000;
font-size: 1em;
color: black;
width: 80%;
left: 10%;
position: absolute;
background-color: white;
top: 10%;
}
#basket-content ul {
display: flex;
margin: 2em;
justify-content: space-around;
padding-bottom: 0.5em;
width: 90%;
}
#basket-content ul li {
width: 30%;
padding: 0.2em;
text-align: center;
}
#basket-headings {
letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}
#basket-headings li {
background-color: #346b25;
padding: 0.2em;
color: white;
width: 30%;
}
#basket-content {
display: none;
}
#basket-content .shopnow {
display: block;
margin: auto;
margin-bottom: 1.5em;
width: 40%;
font-size: 1.1em;
}
<div id="basket-container">
<div id="basket-content">
<h1>YOUR SHOPPING BASKET</h1>
<ul id="basket-headings">
<li>PRODUCT</li>
<li>QTY</li>
<li>SUBTOTAL</li>
</ul>
<button id="checkoutcomplete">COMPLETE ORDER</button>
<span class="close-window">CLOSE WINDOW</span>
</div>
</div>
I have added an image of what the problem looks like. As you can see, my 'complete order' button is going beyond the screen. If I add one or two more products to the div, it will expand, the user can not scroll down to view the button or the rest of the content.
Try adding max-height of calc(100vh - 10%) to your identifier basket-container with a overflow: scroll. It should be working fine.
#basket-container {
max-height: calc(100vh - 10%);
overflow: auto;
}
Within my website, I am making this section inside the <body> tag. Here is a snippet:
<div id="section" class="featurecontent">
<section>
<img src="image.jpg" alt="Featured article">
<p class="pnews">Featured Article - Description </p>
<hr>
</section>
</div>
This is the relevant CSS code, including the section being relative to the browser stated via position: relative; statement.
#section{
display: block;
padding:3px;
margin-right: auto;
margin-left: auto;
position: relative;
height:70%;
width: 35%;
border-width: 3px;
}
.featurecontent{
height: 1100px;
vertical-align: middle;
border-width: 2px;
line-height: 0.5;
padding: 1px;
}
How would I place the image relatively center to the section block (instead of being placed in the left), and adjust itself relative to the size of the browser similar to the section block? I am aware align="middle" does not work for HTML5.
You have a whole bunch of unnecessary code... all you need is:
#section {
position: relative;
width: 35%;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.featurecontent {
text-align: center;
}
To center the image, which I assume is the aim, simply add the code next to the comment to your current CSS.
.featurecontent{
height: 1100px;
vertical-align: middle;
border-width: 2px;
line-height: 0.5;
padding: 1px;
text-align: center; /* New line of code to center img */
}
There are 2 img div's on top of each-other, next to a fluid header logo (.svg) also in a div.
The HTML:
<header class="site-header" role="banner" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader"><div class="wrap"><div id="menu_container"><img src="http://95.85.63.245/wp-content/uploads/dynamik-gen/theme/images/Hamburger_optimized.svg" alt="menu" class="menu-btn" /><div class="menu_spacer"></div><img src="http://95.85.63.245/wp-content/uploads/dynamik-gen/theme/images/searchicon.png" alt="zoek" class="search_icon" /></div>
<div class="title-area"><h1 class="site-title" itemprop="headline"></h1></div><div class="vr_menu_logo"><img src="http://95.85.63.245/wp-content/uploads/dynamik-gen/theme/images/logo_VR_font.svg"></div>
</div></header>
The CSS:
.vr_menu_logo{
max-width:95%;
float:left;
margin-right:20px;
}
#menu_container {
max-width: 5%;
float: right;
}
.menu-btn{
cursor: pointer;
max-height: 30px;
max-width: 30px;
margin-top:2em;
}
.menu_spacer{height:4em;}
.search_icon{
cursor: pointer;
max-height: 24px;
max-width: 24px;
}
.site-header .wrap {
width: 1260px;
}
.site-header .wrap {
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 0;
float: none;
overflow: hidden;
}
Goal:
Scaling the browser window would keep the small hamburger and the search icon's on level with respectively the top and bottom of the logo. Actually the 3 seperate items should act as one logo.
Check the cssdesk here: http://www.cssdesk.com/JDyYQ
I was hoping a spacer div with a max-height would do the trick, or display:table-cell;
But I can't get it to work, anyone have an idea? (javascript can be an option too, but this must be possible with CSS I would think...)
here is an example using flexbox - note in the fiddle that the two div are exactly the same apart from having a different height. This should help you getting what you are trying to achieve. Obviously check what kind of browser support you need to provide as flexbox is a relatively new technology.
http://jsfiddle.net/zn50mmnu/
html:
<div class="flexy f1">
<span class="menu">M</span>
<span class="search">S</span>
</div>
<div class="flexy f2">
<span class="menu">M</span>
<span class="search">S</span>
</div>
css:
.flexy {
float: right;
clear: both;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
border: 2px solid red;
margin: 10px;
}
.f1 {
height: 50px;
}
.f2 {
height: 90px;
}
.menu {
background: red;
width: 1em;
}
.search {
background: blue;
width: 1em;
}