Develop Reference

Single Background for Multiple Divs

Is there a way of having one image (PNG or SVG) as a background for multiple divs? Please see the images below as to how it would work. Also when the screen width becomes smaller and the divs line up below each other, would there be a way of changing the background to match that aswell?
DIVs without background:
The background:
DIVs with background:

Using background-attachment: fixed will give you the desired effect. You just need to make sure your background image works within the bounds of the div or else you will get tiling which can be turned off with background-repeat: none
.border {
border: 1px solid #000;
position: absolute;
}
div {
background-image: url("https://dummyimage.com/500x250/000/fff.png");
background-attachment: fixed;
}
<div id="div1" class="border" style="height:100px;width:200px"></div>
<div id="div2" class="border" style="left:225px;height:100px;width:200px"></div>
<div id="div3" class="border" style="top: 125px;height:100px;width:225px"></div>
<div id="div4" class="border" style="left:250px;top:125px;height:100px;width:175px"></div>

You might be looking for background-attachment: fixed:
If a background-image is specified, the background-attachment CSS
property determines whether that image's position is fixed within the
viewport, or scrolls along with its containing block.
.container {
background-color: gray;
}
.window {
background-image: url("https://i.stack.imgur.com/RPBBs.jpg");
background-attachment: fixed;
display: inline-block;
}
<div class="container">
<div class="window" style="width: 100px; height: 50px; margin: 20px;"></div>
<div class="window" style="width: 200px; height: 50px; margin: 20px;"></div>
<div class="window" style="width: 500px; height: 50px; margin: 20px;"></div>
</div>

How's it going? I'm still relatively new to HTML and CSS, but I think we can tackle this one together!
Your "WHOLE" picture might exist in a that contains the other "WINDOW" elements...where each of the window elements is positioned relative to the parent div that contains the whole picture
.whole{
position:relative;
}
.UpperL{
position: absolute;
height: 25px;
width: 100px;
}
.UpperR{
position:...;
}
.LowerL{
position:...;
}
.LowerR{
position:...;
}
<div class="whole" img src="whole picture.png">
<!-- let the whole class contain the background image-->
<div class="UpperL"> Upper Left Window</div>
<div class="UpperR"> Upper Left Window</div>
<div class="LowerL"> Upper Left Window</div>
<div class="LowerR"> Upper Left Window</div>
</div>
The code doesn't run well yet, but the point of setting four windows inside of a fifth window is to give the four an ability or property to see through the fifth;
If your parent contains the image, but is still colored all white (opacity at 100%), the four window elements should be able to see through the opacity of the fifth window (turning their opacity down to reveal the image).
hmm...

Positioning below absolutely positioned divs

I have two <div>s with absolute position. One is displayed and the other is display: none on load. When the link on the visible one is clicked it is moved and the other is displayed.
I have a third <div> with link that I would like to display directly below these. Since they’re both position: absolute I have not been able to find a way to do this. I have found various solutions, but most of them are workarounds for using absolute position. Since my <div>s need to show ontop of each other I unfortunately can’t remove the absolute positioning.
As such I have tried various combinations of position: absolute and position: relative on the three <div>s, but so far nothing has worked.
JSFiddle with my problem: https://jsfiddle.net/dagz9tLw/1/
<div> with id linkbar is the one that needs to be at the bottom.
The other two <div>s don’t have a set height so margin-top won’t work. linkbar also needs to be just below the <div>s and not right at the bottom of the page.

I experienced that using a div acting as a buffer is quite useful and easy to implement for this purpose. You just set it above your div#linkbar and adjust it's height on load and when the div#front get's repositioned:
$("#topBuffer").css("height", $("#front").offset().top + $("#front").height());
$("#showLink").click(function() {
if (!$("#back").is(":visible")) {
$("#back").show();
$("#front").animate({
'marginLeft': "+=30px"
});
$("#front").animate({
'marginTop': "+=20px"
});
$("#topBuffer").animate({
'height': "+=20px"
});
}
return true;
});
.front {
width: 400px;
display: block;
border: 2px solid #000000;
text-align: center;
position: absolute;
margin-top: 20px;
z-index: 10;
background-color: white;
}
.back {
display: none;
width: 400px;
border: 2px solid #000000;
text-align: center;
position: absolute;
z-index: 1;
margin-top: 20px;
background-color: white;
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div id="front" class="front">
<a id="showLink" href="javascript:void(0);">front</a>
</div>
<div id="back" class="back">
back
</div>
<div id="topBuffer"></div>
<div id="linkbar">
test
test
test
</div>

Align an Image Centrally within a Div

I would like to place an image centrally within a div (fiddle). Because I want that div to inherit that div's height from another one that is floating next to it, I had to use this trick.
For that reason, the solutions described here don't seem to be working.
The requirement is that no other behavior is modified, but the code can be as long as the effect achieved is the same. I am also willing to accept solutions involving javascript, if necessary.
<div class="container">
<div class="logo-div">
<img class="logo" src="http://bit.ly/1qCKrtJ" />
</div>
<div class="text-div">
<h4 style="display: inline;">Because Sometimes It Takes a Village</h4><br />
What about robots the size of tea cups that scoot around on tiny wheels, snapping pictures with miniature cameras and keeping track of where they are in relation to dozens of others?
</div>
.container {
background: green;
overflow: hidden;
}
.logo-div {
background: yellow;
width: 150px;
float: left;
padding-bottom: 1000px;
margin-bottom: -1000px;
}
.text-div {
background: blue;
float: left;
max-width: 350px;
padding-bottom: 1000px;
margin-bottom: -1000px;
}
.logo {
width: 100px;
}

I have modified the code so that the logo image can be center aligned horizontally as well as vertically.
JSFiddle
HTML code:
<div class="container">
<div class="image-div">
<div class="logo-div">
<img class="logo" src="http://bit.ly/1qCKrtJ" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="text-div">
<h4 style="display: inline;">Because Sometimes It Takes a Village</h4><br />
What about robots the size of tea cups that scoot around on tiny wheels, snapping pictures with miniature cameras and keeping track of where they are in relation to dozens of others?
</div>
</div>
Css code:
.container {
background: green;
overflow: hidden;
}
.logo-div {
background: #FFFF00;
display: table-cell;
height: 100px;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
width: 150px;
}
.text-div {
background: blue;
float: left;
max-width: 350px;
}
.image-div {
float: left;
}
.logo {
width: 100px;
}
If you have further issue, please comment on the code, and modify the jsfiddle.
Regards D.

There are two ways for this. One you can set Margin property of any component to 'auto' if you want it to align at the middle. Of course you can set this property in CSS instead of using style tag.
<img src="http://bit.ly/1qCKrtJ" style="margin:auto;"/>
Another is using center tag
(As 'margin:auto' may not work for images for some browsers however it works for div tag.)
<center>
<img src="http://bit.ly/1qCKrtJ" alt="Logo">
</center>

If you need just horizontal center, try:
.logo-div {text-align: center;}
img {margin: 0 auto;}
http://jsfiddle.net/yXNnd/18/
JS version
Using jQuery (I'm too lazy :))
http://jsfiddle.net/yXNnd/25/
Add this js
$(document).ready(function(){
var img = $('.logo-div img');
var top = ($('.container').height() / 2) - (img.height() / 2);
img.css('margin-top', top + 'px');
});

CSS top div to adjust height automatically

There're 2 divs - top and bottom.
The bottom should serve as a 'buttons pane', so visible and 'pinned' to bottom border at all times. root div is a Kendo UI Window div (see jsbin fiddle)
The problem is that the scrollbar is not being shown ONLY for the top div, but for 'buttons pane' as well. In the given jsbin resize down the window vertically, so the scrollbar appears:
http://jsbin.com/UrasoKi/3/edit
<style scoped>
#top{
min-height: 500px;
width: 100%;
background-color: blue
}
#bottom{
height: 50px;
width: 100%;
background-color: green;
position: absolute;
bottom: 0px;
/*kendo specific margin indentation, ignore*/
margin: 0 0 0 -9px;
}
</style>
<div id="w">
<div id="top">TOP PANE</div>
<div id="bottom">BOTTOM PANE</div>
</div>
I would like to achieve clear bottom div positioning with css. Scrollbar should appear for TOP panel ONLY.
Elements MUST BE positioned INSIDE <div id='w'/> in fiddle (because of telerik kendo window resize handles) AND BE RESIZABLE, so any extra volume would be given to the top pane. But extra divs could be added into it (into div id="w")
I've been trying to play around for hours, something is missing.

I would tweak as follows to provide the sort of functionality you want:
<body>
<style scoped>
#top{
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
}
#bottom{
height: 50px;
width: 100%;
background-color: green;
position: absolute;
bottom: 0px;
/*kendo specific margin indentation, ignore*/
margin: 0 0 0 -9px;
}
#inner {
overflow-y:scroll;
height: 100%;
background-color: blue
}
</style>
<div id="w">
<div id="top"><div id="inner">TOP PANE</div></div> <div id="bottom">BOTTOM PANE</div>
</div>
<script>
$(document).ready(function() {
$('#w').kendoWindow({
width: '450px'
});
$('.k-window-content').css({'overflow':'hidden', scrollable: false })
});
</script>
</body>
The tweaks include fixing the size of the Kendo Window and adding an inner div with fixed height and overflow-y scrolling for the top panel.
I hope this helps...

The attribute min-height: 500px; is causing the window to show a scrollbar. You would want to put the two divs in another div with a fixed min-height and then give the two divs a fixed min-height
Edit:
Edited your fiddle, see if that is what you need.
http://jsbin.com/efOgoVE/10/edit

Complicated parallax effect element positioning

Here is the problem, I'm using the Skrollr plugin to make a Parallax effect / animation site to present a product for one of my clients.
Now I am having a big problem with positioning, I'd need to position elements just outside the viewport, but they must be attached to a fixed wrapper, and animate to the center of the div.
I'd love to do this only in css to avoid too much js (Skrollr uses the css code ton animate anyways).
What I have tried is mearly positioning my elements with +200% or -200%, this works well on smaller screens, but on huge ones, we still see those elements. So this isn't a good solution.
I've tried to use the css3 values VH and VW, but to get them positioned in the center of the screen is a problem after, and it seems buggy between Firefox and Chrome.
Here is also my testings, this one is using %:
http://natcom.fr/commun/sites_construction/animation/old
And this is using VH and VW:
http://natcom.fr/commun/sites_construction/animation
I thank you all in advance for any help you could give.

Here you go =), but one problem is when the inner-div gets the position absolute/relative it doesn't work anymore.
But i don't know your full html structure etc.
You could also take the object out of the inner-div?
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body, html {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
overflow: hidden;
}
.outer-div {
left: -200px;
right: -200px;
position: absolute;
}
.object {
position: absolute;
left: 0;
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background: #0000FF;
}
.move-object {
transition-duration: 10s;
margin-left: -100px;
left: 50%;
}
.inner-div {
width: 500px;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
border: 1px solid black;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
<script>
function moveit() {
var element = document.getElementById('testobj');
element.setAttribute('class', 'object move-object');
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<button onclick="moveit();">Click</button>
<div class="outer-div">
<div class="inner-div">
<div class="object" id="testobj">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>