I have a very odd issue... in every browser and mobile version I encountered this behavior:
all the browsers have a top menu when you load the page (showing the address bar for example) which slide up when you start scrolling the page.
100vh sometimes is calculated only on the visible part of a viewport, so when the browser bar slide up 100vh increases (in terms of pixels)
all layout re-paint and re-adjust since the dimensions have changed
a bad jumpy effect for user experience
How can avoid this problem? When I first heard of viewport-height I was excited and I thought I could use it for fixed height blocks instead of using javascript, but now I think the only way to do that is in fact javascript with some resize event...
you can see the problem at: sample site
Can anyone help me with / suggest a CSS solution?
simple test code:
/* maybe i can track the issue whe it occours... */
$(function(){
var resized = -1;
$(window).resize(function(){
$('#currenth').val( $('.vhbox').eq(1).height() );
if (++resized) $('#currenth').css('background:#00c');
})
.resize();
})
*{ margin:0; padding:0; }
/*
this is the box which should keep constant the height...
min-height to allow content to be taller than viewport if too much text
*/
.vhbox{
min-height:100vh;
position:relative;
}
.vhbox .t{
display:table;
position:relative;
width:100%;
height:100vh;
}
.vhbox .c{
height:100%;
display:table-cell;
vertical-align:middle;
text-align:center;
}
<div class="vhbox" style="background-color:#c00">
<div class="t"><div class="c">
this div height should be 100% of viewport and keep this height when scrolling page
<br>
<!-- this input highlight if resize event is fired -->
<input type="text" id="currenth">
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="vhbox" style="background-color:#0c0">
<div class="t"><div class="c">
this div height should be 100% of viewport and keep this height when scrolling page
</div></div>
</div>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
Unfortunately this is intentional…
This is a well know issue (at least in safari mobile), which is intentional, as it prevents other problems. Benjamin Poulain replied to a webkit bug:
This is completely intentional. It took quite a bit of work on our part to achieve this effect. :)
The base problem is this: the visible area changes dynamically as you scroll. If we update the CSS viewport height accordingly, we need to update the layout during the scroll. Not only that looks like shit, but doing that at 60 FPS is practically impossible in most pages (60 FPS is the baseline framerate on iOS).
It is hard to show you the “looks like shit” part, but imagine as you scroll, the contents moves and what you want on screen is continuously shifting.
Dynamically updating the height was not working, we had a few choices: drop viewport units on iOS, match the document size like before iOS 8, use the small view size, use the large view size.
From the data we had, using the larger view size was the best compromise. Most website using viewport units were looking great most of the time.
Nicolas Hoizey has researched this quite a bit: https://nicolas-hoizey.com/2015/02/viewport-height-is-taller-than-the-visible-part-of-the-document-in-some-mobile-browsers.html
No fix planned
At this point, there is not much you can do except refrain from using viewport height on mobile devices. Chrome changed to this as well in 2016:
https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/blink-dev/BK0oHURgmJ4
https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2016/12/url-bar-resizing
You can try min-height: -webkit-fill-available; in your css instead of 100vh. It should be solved
in my app I do it like so (typescript and nested postcss, so change the code accordingly):
const appHeight = () => {
const doc = document.documentElement
doc.style.setProperty('--app-height', `${window.innerHeight}px`)
}
window.addEventListener('resize', appHeight)
appHeight()
in your css:
:root {
--app-height: 100%;
}
html,
body {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
width: 100vw;
height: 100vh;
#media not all and (hover:hover) {
height: var(--app-height);
}
}
it works at least on chrome mobile and ipad. What doesn't work is when you add your app to homescreen on iOS and change the orientation a few times - somehow the zoom levels mess with the innerHeight value, I might post an update if I find a solution to it.
Demo
Look at this answer: https://css-tricks.com/the-trick-to-viewport-units-on-mobile/
// First we get the viewport height and we multiple it by 1% to get a value for a vh unit
let vh = window.innerHeight * 0.01;
// Then we set the value in the --vh custom property to the root of the document
document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--vh', `${vh}px`);
// We listen to the resize event
window.addEventListener('resize', () => {
// We execute the same script as before
let vh = window.innerHeight * 0.01;
document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--vh', `${vh}px`);
});
body {
background-color: #333;
}
.module {
height: 100vh; /* Use vh as a fallback for browsers that do not support Custom Properties */
height: calc(var(--vh, 1vh) * 100);
margin: 0 auto;
max-width: 30%;
}
.module__item {
align-items: center;
display: flex;
height: 20%;
justify-content: center;
}
.module__item:nth-child(odd) {
background-color: #fff;
color: #F73859;
}
.module__item:nth-child(even) {
background-color: #F73859;
color: #F1D08A;
}
<div class="module">
<div class="module__item">20%</div>
<div class="module__item">40%</div>
<div class="module__item">60%</div>
<div class="module__item">80%</div>
<div class="module__item">100%</div>
</div>
For me such trick made a job:
height: calc(100vh - calc(100vh - 100%))
We have new viewport units lvh, svh and dvh to the rescue. This was demonstrated in the latest Google I/O 2022 video on web works.
You would probably want to stick with dvh for the browser to adapt to the mobile device's hidden tabs while scrolling. It works the similar way for width with dvw, lvw and svw units.
Here is a neat illustration from the video: https://youtu.be/Xy9ZXRRgpLk?t=982
Can I use?
This was currently working on my Chrome canary with the flag "Experimental features" enabled.
You can do this by adding following script and style
function appHeight() {
const doc = document.documentElement
doc.style.setProperty('--vh', (window.innerHeight*.01) + 'px');
}
window.addEventListener('resize', appHeight);
appHeight();
Style
.module {
height: 100vh; /* Fallback for browsers that do not support Custom Properties */
height: calc(var(--vh, 1vh) * 100);
}
Set your body position to fixed, set the height to 100%
body { position: fixed; height: 100% }
That's it, then the mobile browser will understand what you want.
Now the body will grow or shrink following the browser's view height, no matter if there is a URL bar or not, or if there are tabs (like in mobile safari) or not. The body will always get full view.
For many of the sites I build the client will ask for a 100vh banner and just as you have found, it results in a bad "jumpy" experience on mobile when you begin to scroll. This is how I solve the problem for a smooth consistent experience across all devices:
I first set my banner element CSS to height:100vh
Then I use jQuery to get the height in pixels of my banner element and apply an inline style using this height.
var viewportHeight = $('.banner').outerHeight();
$('.banner').css({ height: viewportHeight });
Doing this solves the issue on mobile devices as when the page loads, the banner element is set to 100vh using CSS and then jQuery overrides this by putting inline CSS on my banner element which stops it from resizing when a user begins to scroll.
However, on desktop if a user resizes their browser window my banner element won't resize because it now has a fixed height set in pixels due to the above jQuery. To address this I use Mobile Detect to add a 'mobile' class to the body of my document. And then I wrap the above jQuery in an if statement:
if ($('body').hasClass('mobile')) {
var viewportHeight = $('.banner').outerHeight();
$('.banner').css({ height: viewportHeight });
}
As a result, if a user is on a mobile device the class 'mobile' is present on the body of my page and the above jQuery is executed. So my banner element will only get the inline CSS applied on mobile devices meanwhile on desktop the original 100vh CSS rule remains in place.
I came up with a React component – check it out if you use React or browse the source code if you don't, so you can adapt it to your environment.
It sets the fullscreen div's height to window.innerHeight and then updates it on window resizes.
As I was looking for a solution some days, here is mine for everyone using VueJS with Vuetify (my solution uses v-app-bar, v-navigation-drawer and v-footer):
I created App.scss (used in App.vue) with the following content:
.v-application {
height: 100vh;
height: -webkit-fill-available;
}
.v-application--wrap {
min-height: 100vh !important;
min-height: -webkit-fill-available !important;
}
You can try giving position: fixed; top: 0; bottom: 0; properties to your container.
#nils explained it clearly.
What's next then?
I just went back to use relative 'classic' % (percentage) in CSS.
It's often more effort to implement something than it would be using vh, but at least, you have a pretty stable solution which works across different devices and browsers without strange UI glitches.
The the problem still remains to this date, unfortunately. And the biggest misleading it's impossible to represent the situation by using browser's devices toolbar.
I've just solved the issue like so (tested on PC, iOS and android browsers):
.your_class {
height: 100vh,
max-height: 100%, // <-- add the line
...some other props,
}
I hope it'll save your time.
The following code solved the problem (with jQuery).
var vhHeight = $("body").height();
var chromeNavbarHeight = vhHeight - window.innerHeight;
$('body').css({ height: window.innerHeight, marginTop: chromeNavbarHeight });
And the other elements use % as a unit to replace vh.
As I am new, I can't comment on other answers.
If someone is looking for an answer to make this work (and can use javascript - as it seems to be required to make this work at the moment) this approach has worked pretty well for me and it accounts for mobile orientation change as well. I use Jquery for the example code but should be doable with vanillaJS.
-First, I use a script to detect if the device is touch or hover. Bare-bones example:
if ("ontouchstart" in document.documentElement) {
document.body.classList.add('touch-device');
} else {
document.body.classList.add('hover-device');
}
This adds class to the body element according to the device type (hover or touch) that can be used later for the height script.
-Next use this code to set height of the device on load and on orientation change:
if (jQuery('body').hasClass("touch-device")) {
//Loading height on touch-device
function calcFullHeight() {
jQuery('.hero-section').css("height", $(window).height());
}
(function($) {
calcFullHeight();
jQuery(window).on('orientationchange', function() {
// 500ms timeout for getting the correct height after orientation change
setTimeout(function() {
calcFullHeight();
}, 500);
});
})(jQuery);
} else {
jQuery('.hero-section').css("height", "100vh");
}
-Timeout is set so that the device would calculate the new height correctly on orientation change. If there is no timeout, in my experience the height will not be correct. 500ms might be an overdo but has worked for me.
-100vh on hover-devices is a fallback if the browser overrides the CSS 100vh.
I just found a web app i designed has this issue with iPhones and iPads, and found an article suggesting to solve it using media queries targeted at specific Apple devices.
I don't know whether I can share the code from that article here, but the address is this: http://webdesignerwall.com/tutorials/css-fix-for-ios-vh-unit-bug
Quoting the article: "just match the element height with the device height using media queries that targets the older versions of iPhone and iPad resolution."
They added just 6 media queries to adapt full height elements, and it should work as it is fully CSS implemented.
Edit pending: I'm unable to test it right now, but I will come back and report my results.
Do not use recommended approaches such as -webkit-fill-available.
I just spent all day rushing around to fix this "bug".
Add a class when your app is loaded with a browser with a "chin".
JavaScript
// Angular example but applicable for any JS solution
#HostBinding('class.browser-has-chin') browserHasChin: boolean = false;
public ngOnInit(): void {
this.browserHasChin = this._isMobileSafari();
}
private _isMobileSafari() {
return navigator.userAgent.match(/(iPod|iPhone|iPad)/) && navigator.userAgent.match(/AppleWebKit/) ? true : false;
}
CSS
.browser-has-chin {
#media screen and (max-device-width: 767px){
// offset with padding or something
}
}
NOTES:
There are major issues with the -webkit-fill-available prop for cross-browser compatibility.
I was able to get it working in Chrome and iOS Safari to fix the chin/height calculation issue. However it broke Android Chrome and Firefox had bugs with it too.
It seems that -webkit-fill-available was rushed into webkit at some point and perhaps adopted haphazardly by Apple as a fix for chin/height calculation?
It relies on intrinsic sizing which is NOT safe to use yet.
I have created two examples below:
To showcase how height: 100vh as height can lead to scroll in mobile chrome browsers:
code : https://codesandbox.io/embed/mobile-viewport-100vh-issue-nxx8z?fontsize=14&hidenavigation=1&theme=dark
demo: https://nxx8z.csb.app/
Solution using position: fixed to resolve the issue and with purely CSS:
code : https://codesandbox.io/s/mobile-viewport-100vh-issue-fix-forked-ypx5x?file=/index.html
demo : https://ypx5x.csb.app/
The VH 100 does not work well on mobile as it does not factor in the iOS bar (or similar functionality on other platforms).
One solution that works well is to use JavaScript "window.innerHeight".
Simply assign the height of the element to this value e.g.
$('.element-name').height(window.innerHeight);
Note: It may be useful to create a function in JS, so that the height can change when the screen is resized. However, I would suggest only calling the function when the width of the screen is changed, this way the element will not jump in height when the iOS bar disappears when the user scrolls down the page.
React hooks solution with useEffect and useState
function App() {
const [vh, setVh] = useState(window.innerHeight);
useEffect(() => {
const updateVh = () => {
setVh(window.innerHeight);
};
window.addEventListener('resize', updateVh);
return () => window.removeEventListener('resize', updateVh);
}, []);
return (
<div style={{ height: vh }}>
{vh} px
</div>
);
}
Demo: https://jsfiddle.net/poooow/k570nfd9/
Because it won't be fixed, you can do something like:
# html
<body>
<div class="content">
<!-- Your stuff here -->
</div>
</body>
# css
.content {
height: 80vh;
}
For me it was the fastest and more pure solution than playing with the JavaScript which could not work on many devices and browsers.
Just use proper value of vh which fits your needs.
The following worked for me:
html { height: 100vh; }
body {
top: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
width: 100vw;
}
/* this is the container you want to take the visible viewport */
/* make sure this is top-level in body */
#your-app-container {
height: 100%;
}
The body will take the visible viewport height and #your-app-container with height: 100% will make that container take the visible viewport height.
Using vh on mobile devices is not going to work with 100vh, due to their design choices using the entire height of the device not including any address bars etc.
If you are looking for a layout including div heights proportionate to the true view height I use the following pure css solution:
:root {
--devHeight: 86vh; //*This value changes
}
.div{
height: calc(var(--devHeight)*0.10); //change multiplier to suit required height
}
You have two options for setting the viewport height, manually set the --devHeight to a height that works (but you will need to enter this value for each type of device you are coding for)
or
Use javascript to get the window height and then update --devheight on loading and refreshing the viewport (however this does require using javascript and is not a pure css solution)
Once you obtain your correct view height you can create multiple divs at an exact percentage of total viewport height by simply changing the multiplier in each div you assign the height to.
0.10 = 10% of view height
0.57 = 57% of view height
Hope this might help someone ;)
Here's a work around I used for my React app.
iPhone 11 Pro & iPhone Pro Max - 120px
iPhone 8 - 80px
max-height: calc(100vh - 120px);
It's a compromise but relatively simple fix
A nice read about the problem and its possible solutions can be found in this blog post: Addressing the iOS Address Bar in 100vh Layouts
The solution I ended up in my React application is utilising the react-div-100vh library described in the post above.
Brave browser on iOS behaves differently (buggy?). It changes viewport height dynamically accordingly to showing/hiding address bar. It is kind of annoying because it changes page's layout dependent on vw/vh units.
Chrome and Safari is fine.
I solved it by putting the most outer div at position: absolute and then just setting the height to 100%:
CSS:
.outer {
position: absolute;
height: 100%;
}
HTML:
<div class="outer">
<!-- content -->
</div>
It seems like CSS fix is unreliable and JS one works fine but the element is jumping when user opens the page.
I solved the issue using JS from other answers + fadeIn animation to hide jumping.
This won't fit all the use cases, but for some of them, like a button that has to be at the bottom, could be a good solution.
The people who found this answer and are struggling with an issue of wiered jumping of elements on mobile view when scrolling downward/upward whose position is fixed w.r.t the root element need to specify the property in terms of bottom rather than top and should give a field value in px. This solves the issue
change this:
element{
position: fixed;
top: 90vh;
left: 90vh;
transform: translate(-95%, -95%);
}
to this:
element{
position: fixed;
bottom: 90px; /* this is the change */
left: 90vh;
transform: translate(-95%, -95%);
}
I have created dynamic tiles for my SAPUI5 application, the tiles on this page need to be resized so I added a custom css style class.
.administrationTile {
width: 18rem;
height: 14rem;
}
Which I apply like this:
oTile.addStyleClass('administrationTile');
My problem is that this only adjusts the size of the tile itself, but doesn't change the size of the content in the tile. I previously did it like this in the onAfterRendering part:
setTimeout(function(){
for (var i = 1; i < 8; i++)
{
$("#MyTileContainer-"+i+".sapMTile").css({
width: "18rem",
height: "14rem"
});
}
$("div.sapMTileContent").css({
width: "18rem",
height: "14rem"
});
$("div.sapMStdTileNumDiv").css("width", "12rem");
}, 200);
Which does work, but it's a very ugly method because it doesn't work at all times and you see the tile changing in size (without timeout it doesn't even work at all)
My question is how can I apply the other classes (sapMTileContent and sapMStdTileNumDiv) that belong to this tile without this ugly workaround.
this only adjusts the size of the tile itself, but doesn't change the size of the content in the tile.
As far as I understand, you are modifying the tile width, but not the contents.
.administrationTile {
width: 18rem;
height: 14rem;
font-size: 4rem; /* <--- */
}
Look at it in this Fiddle
Have you considered this may be a CSS inheritance issue. If you inspect the object and focus on the object you are trying to influence and then look at the CSS styles that are being applied onto this object using Chrome's "Inspect element" right-click option you may want to check if the style is not being over-ridden later in the CSS chain.
(Hope this makes sense?)
This is an issue on Firefox and IE so far that I've tested; the problem does not exist on Chrome.
I'm including two TinyMCE editors on a page with one partially off-screen to start. When I select the color picker dropdown option from the toolbar on the first TinyMCE instance, the dropdown appears where it should. But if I scroll down and select the color picker dropdown in the second instance, that dropdown appears way below the editor and typically off the page.
You can see this in action here: http://jsfiddle.net/nm6wtca3/
Without removing the html, body CSS, what can I do to have the color picker always appear in the correct position?
I've traced the problem down to setting CSS on the html, body elements.
html, body {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
overflow-x: hidden;
}
The dropdown div has CSS applied to it that is auto-calculated by TinyMCE. It looks something like this:
z-index: 65535;
left: 641.467px;
top: 633px;
width: 162px;
height: 105px;
How it appears in FF (sometimes way worse):
How it appears in Chrome (how it should look):
You did say you don't want to remove any CSS from the html,body, but you didn't say anything about adding to it! This solution is based on the assumption that you can add to the html,body
Solution
html, body {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
overflow-x: hidden;
position: relative; /* Line added */
}
JSFiddle Example
I hope this helps. In all reality, you really only need to apply position: relative; to the body like so body { position: relative; }
I'm not super familiar with tinymce's colorpicker, but I can see the issue, and I can replicate it reliably: your problem occurs when you have a picker open, and then you scroll. I can replicate this in chrome too. Here's a video.
When I look at the DOM, I see that tinyMCE has created two absolute-positioned divs at the end of document.body, one for each picker. When you open one, their position is updated to reflect the location of the toolbar-button at the time you clicked it, but it never gets updated when you scroll!
So, how to solve this? Well, there are a few possibilities:
Option 1: it looks like tinyMCE provides a method to bind a control to an event (here). With this, you could bind a callback to 'scroll' that repositions the box...
Huh, now that I think of it, you could simply close any open colorpickers whenever a user scrolls ... kinda feels like a cop-out but there's no denying it has the best R.O.I. ;) We'll call that Option 2!
Option 3: depending on the implementation of the colorpicker, you may be able to override where in the DOM those divs get rendered. The API method I saw that looked the most promising is here. Once you have the div inside a relative-positioned parent, you'd also have to make the colorpicker's positioning algorithm smart enough to look in the right place for x and y offset ...when I tried this by just moving the element and mashing in some css by hand in chrome-console, the algorithm still computed x and y offsets based on doc.body, so depending on where you were scrolled at click-time, everything would be out of position
It looks like this issue might be troubling other people as well... maybe they've found a solution but haven't posted anything about it?
I hope this is enough info to get you past the problem... Let me know if you have any questions!
It looks like the problem is caused by overflow-x: hidden;
It may not be the answer you want but removing that or moving it to a page wrapper will solve your problem.
Working Example
html, body {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
padding:0;
margin:0;
}
#pagewrapper{
overflow-x: hidden;
}
Another option would be to force repositioning on scroll, but honestly this is overkill... I strongly recommend fixing the css instead.
Another working example
$('body').scroll(posfix); // when the body scrolls
$('#mceu_10').click(posfix); // when you click the top font color button
$('#mceu_35').click(posfix); // when you click the bottom font color button
function posfix() {
setTimeout(function () { // hack way to ensure it fires after the menu is shown
$('#mceu_51').css({
top: $('#mceu_10').offset().top + $('#mceu_10').height(), // set top/left based on button's position
left: $('#mceu_10').offset().left + $('#mceu_10').width() / 2
});
$('#mceu_52').css({
top: $('#mceu_35').offset().top + $('#mceu_35').height(),
left: $('#mceu_35').offset().left + $('#mceu_35').width() / 2
});
}, 1);
}
it works on firefox, and Internet Explorer fine
just remove this css code
html, body {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
overflow-x: hidden;
}
Please take a look at this:
html,
body {
width: auto;
height: auto;
overflow-x: hidden;
}
You can simply set body width and height to auto, then there won't be any need to use position and you don't have to remove anything. I think you do not need to use height: 100% since it will be auto-calculated by TinyMCE. i hope it helped.
Update
Look at the screen shot from chrome and its same in firefox. And i didn't remove any css but just changed..and by putting 100% in css the output will be like :-
Please check this one with auto but not 100%..thank you
Does anyone know if there is a way to disable the horizontal scrollbar using JavaScript?
I don't want to use overflow-x: hidden;.
Without using the perfectly workable overflow-x CSS property, you could resize the content to not require a scroll bar, through javascript or through HTML/CSS design.
You could also do this:
window.onscroll = function () {
window.scrollTo(0,0);
}
... which will detect any scrolling and automatically return the scroll to the top/left. It bears mentioning that doing something like this is sure to frustrate your users.
You're best served by creating an environment where unwanted UI elements are not present at all (through the CSS, through design). The approach mentioned above shows unnecessary UI elements (scroll bars) and then causes them to not work in a way that the user expects (scroll the page). You've "broken a contract" with the user - how can they trust that the rest of your web site or application will do expected things when the user makes a familiar action?
A way to prevent elements from scrolling down in jQuery:
$(element).scroll(function () {
this.scrollTop = 0;
this.scrollLeft = 0;
});
Well, this does not actually prevent the scrolling, but it "scrolls back" to the top-left corner of an element, similar to Chris' solution which was created for the window instead of single elements. Remove the scrollTop or scrollLeft lines to suit your needs.
A dirty trick would be overlapping the scrollbars: http://jsfiddle.net/dJqgf/.
var overlap = $('<div id=b>');
$("#a").wrap($('<div>'));
$("#a").parent().append(overlap);
with:
#a {
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
overflow-x: scroll;
}
#b {
position: relative;
left: 0;
bottom: 20px;
width: 100%;
height: 20px;
background-color: white;
}
Here's a link to what I'll be referring to.
I'm having some trouble getting the background image to work the way I'd like it to.
I want the background to auto resize based on the width of the window, which it is already doing correctly. If you make your window smaller you'll see the background shrink with it.
Here's the issue. If you make your window wide (short) then the background will resize and go too high so you can't see the top of the background anymore (since the background is bottom positioned).
I want the background to be top position when you are at the top of the page, and as you scroll down it will slowly move to be bottom positioned. Sort of like the effect of an Android phone's background when you move left and right. Of course, keep in mind that I still want the background to auto-resize when you make the window smaller.
html {
background-color: #70d4e3;
height: 100%;
}
body {
height: 100%;
}
.background {
margin-top: 45px;
width: 100%;
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
z-index: -9999;
}
.banner {
margin: 0px auto;
width: 991px;
margin-bottom: -9px;
}
.content {
background: url("http://i.imgur.com/daRJl.png") no-repeat scroll center center transparent;
height: 889px;
margin: 0 auto;
width: 869px;
}
.innerContent {
padding: 30px;
}
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/6d5Cm.jpg" alt="" class="background" />
<div class="banner">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/JptsZ.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="innerContent">
testing
</div>
</div>
Maybe some javascript or jquery would be needed to achieve this.
Well, this was fun, thanks!
I hope you don't mind me taking the liberty to use percentages to make my life a little bit easier and possibly the script slightly more robust since I can reliably use floats with percentages.
What I did is make the layout, html and css comply with the rules you need for the bg to be animated properly, they stayed largely the same from what you had.
Then it was just a question of figuring out the calculations needed with the right properties to figure out the percentage you were from the top, the *20 is actually the amount of space 'left' to fill by the background image in percentages (as the background height is 80%).
They I moved the calculations to a function so I could call that on scroll and on window resize, making sure it's initiated on any event that modifies the window somehow...
Didn't do extensive testing but it worked in Chrome and I'm tired :p
I believe this is what you are looking for:
http://jsfiddle.net/sg3s/RSqrw/15/ See edit 2
If you wanted this the other way arround just make the page background start at the top and modify that:
http://jsfiddle.net/sg3s/RSqrw/14/ See edit 2
Edit:
As a bonus, and since I had never actually written jquery script as a 'plugin', I decided to convert this into one. What I came up with should be easy to implement and use!
http://jsfiddle.net/sg3s/RSqrw/52/ See Edit 3
Functionality successfully tested in Chrome, Firefox 3.6, IE9 + compatibility mode
Edit 2:
Reading the question again checking if I did it right I noticed I didn't quite do what you want, so I updated the link in the first edit which gives you a plugin in which you can have several options for the scrolling background. It retains my 'old' interpetation while also doing what you want... Read comments in code for some extra descriptions.
Edit 3:
As I went to work today I was bothered with the fact that my plugin 'try' was a little bloated. And as you mentioned in the comment it didn't quite fit the requirements.
So I rewrote it to only do what you want and not much more, tested in Chrome Firefox, IE9 +compat etc etc.. This script is a lot cleaner.
http://jsfiddle.net/sg3s/vZxHW/
You can chose to make the background stick to the top or bottom if the height fits in the window. Nothing else, but that is already more than enough to do some pretty cool stuff :p
An exact solution: Fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/srGHE/2/show/
View source
Thanks for the challenge. See below for the solution, which is complying with all requirements, including recommended yet optional (with steps on how to remove these) features. I only show the changed parts of your page, with an explanation after each section (CSS, HTML and JavaScript):
CSS (changes):
html,body{
margin: 0;
height: 100%;
padding: 0;
}
body{
background-color: #70d4e3;
}
#background { /*Previously: .background*/
/*Removed: margin-top: 45px;
No other changes*/
}
#banner /*Previously: .banner; no other changes */
#content /*Previously: .content; no other changes */
#innerContent /*Previously: .innerContent; no other changes */
Explanation of CSS revisions:
margin-top:45px at the background is unnecessary, since you're absolutely positioning the element.
All of the elements which are unlikely to appear more than once should be selected via the id (#) selector. This selector is more specific than the class selector.
HTML (changes):
All of the class attributes have been replaced by id. No other changes have been made. Don't forget to include the JQuery framework, because I've implemented your wishes using JQuery.
JavaScript (new):
Note: I have added a feature which you didn't request, but seems logical. The code will automatically reserve sufficient margin at the left side of the window in order to always display the background. Remove anything between the marked comments if you don't want this feature.
$(document).ready(function(){
//"Static" variables
var background = $("#background");
var marginTop = parseFloat(background.css("margin-top")) || 0;
var bannerWidth = $("#banner").width(); /*Part of auto left-margin */
var extraContWidth = (bannerWidth - $("#content").width())/2; /*Same as above*/
function fixBG(){
var bodyWidth = $("body").width();
var body_bg_width_ratio = bodyWidth/1920;
var bgHeight = body_bg_width_ratio * 926; //Calcs the visible height of BG
var height = $(document).height();
var docHeight = $(window).height();
var difHeight = bgHeight - docHeight;
var scrollDif = $(document).scrollTop() / (height - docHeight) || 0;
/*Start of automatic left-margin*/
var arrowWidth = body_bg_width_ratio * 115; //Arrow width
if(bodyWidth - bannerWidth > arrowWidth*2){
$("body > div").css("margin-left", "auto");
} else {
$("body > #banner").css("margin-left", arrowWidth+"px");
$("body > #content").css("margin-left", (arrowWidth+extraContWidth)+"px");
}
/*End of automatic left-margin*/
if(difHeight > 0){
background.css({top:(-scrollDif*difHeight-marginTop)+"px", bottom:""});
} else {
background.css({top:"", bottom:"0"});
}
}
$(window).resize(fixBG);
$(window).scroll(fixBG);
fixBG();
});
Explanation of the JavaScript code
The size of the background is determined by calculating the ratio of the background and document width. The width property is used, because it's the most reliable method for the calculation.
Then, the height of the viewport, document body and background is calculated. If applicable, the scrolling offset is also calculated, to prepare the movement of the background, if necessary.
Optionally, the code determines whether it's necessary to adjust the left margin (to keep the background visible at a narrow window).
Finally, if the background arrow has a greater height than the document's body, the background is moved accordingly, taking the scrolling position into account. The arrow starts at the top of the document, and will move up as the user scrolls (so that the bottom side of the arrow will be the bottom of the page when the user has fully scrolled down). If it's unnecessary to move the background, because it already suits well, the background will be positioned at the bottom of the page.
When the page has finished loading, this functionality is added to the Resize and scroll events, so that the background is always at the right location.
If you've got any other questions, feel free to ask them.
well, I'm not sure if I understand you and why do you want to do that, but you can try adding 2 backgrounds (see http://www.css3.info/preview/multiple-backgrounds/ ), one with the top bg and another with the bottom bg but I think that if the page is not too long it will cause issues, so the other answer with pure CSS is as follows: first add 3 horizontal divs with 100% width. Top div will have your top bg and its height, middle div will be transparent and auto height and bottom div will have your bottom bg and its height. All divs will have a 0 z-index. Then create a higher z-index div to act as a container and you'll be set. If I understand your question right, that's the close I can think of to achieve that. This being said, I'm pretty sure you can do this with JQuery with way better results
Using jQuery I was able to give you what I think you're asking for:
$(window).scroll(function() {
var h = Math.max($(document).height(), $(window).height());
var bottom = h - $(".background").height() - $(window).height();
$(".background").css("top", (($(window).scrollTop() / h) * bottom) + "px");
});
EDIT: Forgot to account for the way scrollTop reports position.
Or maybe:
.background {
margin-top: 45px;
max-width: 100%;
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
z-index: -9999;
max-height: 100%;
}
I reccomend using jQuery Background Parallax
http://www.stevefenton.co.uk/Content/Jquery-Background-Parallax/
The function is as simple as
$("body").backgroundparallax();
Ask if you don't get it to work.
#abney; as i understand your question may that's you want http://jsfiddle.net/sandeep/RSqrw/60/
you need only css for this:
#background {
position: fixed;
width: 100%;
height:100%;
top: 0;
left:0;
z-index: -1;
}
The solution to your issue is a nice little lightweight plugin by Scott Robin. You can get more info, download it, and make your life easier for all of your projects by visiting his project page here.