Relatively new to JS/Ajax, so I may be missing something obvious here. Let's say at some point in javascript I run ajax to get a number of div elements with a certain class name. I then want to retrieve the html id tag from each of these elements and do something with that information (say populate the element), something like so.
var divstopop = document.getElementsByClassName("popField"),x;
for(x in divstopop){
divstopop[x].innerHTML= x.id; //x.id or something?
}
Is this in any way possible to do?
Using in is not how you should iterate over an array of elements. You should use the .length property and use numeric indexing:
for (var i = 0, n = divstopop.length; i < n; ++i) {
// get id property from element and set as innerHTML
divstopop[i].innerHTML = divstopop[i].id;
}
Related
Knowledge: First week Javascript
I am trying to learn real javascript and avoid jquery at all cost. Now I am I recently learned that id's can be style easily but not classes. In order to style a class I need to loop through the dom for the class. My original code works, however my new one does not. Best practices aside for a moment, I am trying to learn how this works regardless if it is a perfect solution or not.
Problem specifics: In my new code I stored the two get functions in keys within an associative array. So I have objects which I would like my for loop to understand. I am trying to make it work like my first code.
What I tried: Honestly, I read something about squared bracket notation and how it can be useful. I felt a bit overwhelmed to be honest. What I tried was:
source[_class][i]
Maybe _class is undefined even though I defined it. I specified what class contains. Honestly im lost and would appreciate some help and of course I welcome best practice advice as well.
I want to be a better programmer and I would appreciate some insight. I dont want to start with jquery.
My experiment:
setTimeout(function() {
var source = {_id: document.getElementById('box'),
_class: document.getElementsByClassName('hint')};
for (var i = 0; i < source[_class].length; i++) {
source[_class + i].style.opacity = '0';
console.log(i);
}
}, 1000);
My original working code:
// setTimeout(function() {
// var divs = document.getElementsByClassName('hint');
// for (var i = 0; i < divs.length; i++) {
// divs[i].style.opacity = '0';
// console.log(i);
// }
// }, 1000);
Use source._class.length instead of source[_class].length and source._class[i] instead of source[_class + i]:
for (var i = 0; i < source._class.length; i++) {
source._class[i].style.opacity = '0';
console.log(i);
}
source is an object and has a property _class. You can access properties either as source._class or as source['_class'].
The property source._class is an collection of DOM nodes itself so it can be accessed like an array. You can access array elements like this: array[index].
So you have both an object with properties and an array with elements. You need to access their contents appropriately.
Styling should be done with css, not loops, because using css is an order of magnitude faster.
Create css class definitions for your set of styles and then simply change the name of the class on your elements to change their style.
Also, look into using css selectors to query the DOM. This is done with querySelector for a single element, or querySelectorAll for a set of elements. Note that jQuery wraps this functionality and that is where the name is derived.
For your specific example, the problem was with accessing the array, instead of adding the i index, you need to reference the array, and you also need to make sure you are using a string index or a dot notation (such as source._class) in order to reference that object's property
for (var i = 0; i < source['_class'].length; i++) {
source['_class'][i].style.opacity = '0';
console.log(i);
}
You missed a square bracket and it's text not a variable:
source[_class + i].style.opacity = '0';
should be
source["_class"][i].style.opacity = '0';
Is there a way to get the index of class name (I.e. the third element with the class "className" would be 3 without using jQ?
I don't know jQ, and I don't have time to learn it right now, and I don't want to include code into my code that I don't understand at least some.
Thanks.
BTW, I've used jQ instead of spelling it out so those results can be filtered out in Google should somebody have the same question. If I spelled it out, and somebody used the NOT operator in Google, this one would also disappear.
You could do something like:
// the element you're looking for
var target = document.getElementById("an-element");
// the collection you're looking in
var nodes = document.querySelectorAll(".yourclass");
var index = [].indexOf.call(nodes, target);
See: Array's indexOf.
If you have already a proper array as nodes instead of a NodeList, you can just do nodes.indexOf(target).
you can use document.getElementsByClassName
var el = document.getElementsByClassName('className');
for (var i = 0; i < el.length; i++) {
// your index is inside here
}
el[i] is the element in the current iteration, i is the index
(I.e. the third element with the class "className" would be 3)
if (i == 3)
return el[i]
JsFiddle: here.
Just use getElementsByClassName, it returns a list of elements with the specified classes.
elements = document.getElementsByClassName("test")
element = elements[2] //get the 3rd element
Hope this helps!
these work as of es6:
Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('.elements')).indexOf(anElement)
or
[...document.querySelectorAll('.elements')].indexOf(anElement)
I know that this:
document.getElementsByClassName('class-1')[0].
selects the first <div> that has the specify class.
I guess using a for() will get through the whole array of <div>.
Can somebody explain how to create that array ?
I will prefer plain Js.
Method getElementsByClassName() returns a set of DOM elements that have a certain class name. Here is a canonical example of how to use the returned list of nodes:
var elements = document.getElementsByClassName("class-1");
for (var i = 0, len = elements.length; i < len; i++) {
// elements[i].style ...
}
I am new at JavaScript so I think my problem may be simple.
This works:
var convId = document.getElementById("wrapper");
convId.setAttribute("align","right");
But when I try to make it more specific:
var convId = document.getElementById("wrapper");
var convIdDl = convId.getElementsByTagName("dl");
convIdDl.setAttribute("align","right");
my definition list doesn't align to the right.
I have checked the HTML and CSS and everything is correct, but that shouldn't even matter
JavaScript overwrites them both.
The getElementsByTagName method returns a collection (to be more specific, a NodeList). You need to specify which element of that collection you want to use (just like you would when accessing an element in an array). Here I'm assuming you want the first:
convIdDl[0].setAttribute("align", "right");
As noted in the comments, you should definitely not be using the align attribute. CSS should be used in all cases.
The getElementsByTagName() function returns a collection of DOM elements, so you'll probably want to iterate through that and set the attribute on each element individually.
for(var i = 0; i < convIdDl.length; i++) {
convIdDl[i].setAttribute("align", "right");
}
I need to get all the input objects and manipulate the onclick param.
The following does the job for <a> links. Looking for something like this for input tags.
for (var ls = document.links, numLinks = ls.length, i=0; i<numLinks; i++){
var link = unescape(ls[i].href);
link = link.replace(/\\'/ig,"#");
if(ls[i].href.indexOf("javascript:") == -1)
{
ls[i].href = "javascript:LoadExtern(\\""+link+"\\",\\"ControlPanelContent\\",true,true);";
}
}
(See update at end of answer.)
You can get a NodeList of all of the input elements via getElementsByTagName (DOM specification, MDC, MSDN), then simply loop through it:
var inputs, index;
inputs = document.getElementsByTagName('input');
for (index = 0; index < inputs.length; ++index) {
// deal with inputs[index] element.
}
There I've used it on the document, which will search the entire document. It also exists on individual elements (DOM specification), allowing you to search only their descendants rather than the whole document, e.g.:
var container, inputs, index;
// Get the container element
container = document.getElementById('container');
// Find its child `input` elements
inputs = container.getElementsByTagName('input');
for (index = 0; index < inputs.length; ++index) {
// deal with inputs[index] element.
}
...but you've said you don't want to use the parent form, so the first example is more applicable to your question (the second is just there for completeness, in case someone else finding this answer needs to know).
Update: getElementsByTagName is an absolutely fine way to do the above, but what if you want to do something slightly more complicated, like just finding all of the checkboxes instead of all of the input elements?
That's where the useful querySelectorAll comes in: It lets us get a list of elements that match any CSS selector we want. So for our checkboxes example:
var checkboxes = document.querySelectorAll("input[type=checkbox]");
You can also use it at the element level. For instance, if we have a div element in our element variable, we can find all of the spans with the class foo that are inside that div like this:
var fooSpans = element.querySelectorAll("span.foo");
querySelectorAll and its cousin querySelector (which just finds the first matching element instead of giving you a list) are supported by all modern browsers, and also IE8.
querySelectorAll returns a NodeList which has its own forEach method:
document.querySelectorAll('input').forEach( input => {
// ...
});
getElementsByTagName now returns an HTMLCollection instead of a NodeList. So you would first need to convert it to an array to have access to methods like map and forEach:
Array.from(document.getElementsByTagName('input')).forEach( input => {
// ...
});
var inputs = document.getElementsByTagName('input');
for (var i = 0; i < inputs.length; ++i) {
// ...
}