Execute a javascript function as last inside a page - javascript

I need to be sure that a certain script within a page is executed as last.
I thought of using JQuery
$(document).ready( ... )
but if there are more functions of this type, which is actually executed last?

There are many ways to delay the execution of a script.
There is no way to programatically detect all of them.
For a reliable solution you would have to reverse engine the code of each page you care about, figure out what it is doing (and when) and write your delay script specifically for that page. (For a value of "reliable" equal to "until they change the page").

$(document).ready( ... )
is not executed last. The last function executed ( so, after document ready ) is the one(s) from <body onload>.
Example : <body onload="myJSfunction();">
Here, the javascript myJSfunction is executed at the end, after $(document).ready( ... ).

This depends on the order in which you have registered them.
E.g:
$(document).ready( function() { alert("first"); });
$(document).ready( function() { alert("second"); });
$(document).ready( function() { alert("third"); });​
would alert "first" then "second" then "third"
So adding a <script> to the bottom of your page with an $(document).ready( yourfunction ); would suffice.

Theoretically you can do something like this:
// Form array of functions which sould be called with according order
$.readyArray = [function () { ... }, function () { ... }, function () { ... }, ...];
// just execute them in this order when onready event
$(document).ready(function() {
for (var i = 0; i < $.readyArray.length; i++) {
//apply, calls function in current context and pass arguments object
$.readyArray[i].apply(this,[arguments]);
}
});

If refactoring (as Quentin suggested) is not an option (e.g. you are updating a just part of a framework or a product), you can use four approaches, which should give you a good chance achieving what you need. See the following snippets with jQuery:
(1) Wait until 'document' is ready
By document is meant the visible DOM. The script will fire when all it should be rendered really rendered is.
$(document).ready(function() {
console.log('Document is ready.');
});
(2) Wait until top-level JS (Root) 'window' object is ready
The full root object can (will) be ready some time after the DOM is ready.
$(window).ready(function() {
console.log('Window is ready.');
});
(3) Wait until 'window' is fully loaded using .bind
This fires immediately after 'window' is ready, so your script can act on objects (elements) rendered during $(window).ready() above.
$(window).bind("load", function() {
console.log('Window bind is ready.');
});
(4) Wait until Ajax calls are completed
This is as far as you can go - the script will fire when 'window' is ready, loaded, all the code run and all the Ajax actions are completed. Unfortunately, since one Ajax can call another one, it can fire several times during the page load.
$(window).ajaxComplete(function() {
console.log('Window bind is ready, Ajax finished.');
}

In simple Javascript solution, you could call the javascript function at end of your HTML document inside the script tag. This works well when you are not using jQuery.
In case of jQuery you could use load method.The load event is sent to an element when it and all sub-elements have been completely loaded.
For more info look at
http://api.jquery.com/load-event/

Try this,
$(window).bind("load", function() {
//code here
});

Related

Is having 100 document ready better or worse than 1 document ready?

Just wondering if the amount of document.ready calls affects page load speed.
Is there a way in Gulp / Grunt to uglify / minify JS by removing seperate document ready functions?
Just check it!
I don't see significant difference in Chrome.
As I know, it was critical for IE8, but didn't check this fact.
IE11 shows 2 seconds on the first snippet, when the others take 200 ms only.
Also, seems like jQuery already aggregates load events.
Don't forget
When you are running same code in one tab, browser remembers something and runs it faster.
Reload the page is not enought. Open a new tab instead.
After opening a new tab, run snippets in different order.
If the snippet is ran first on the tab, it will get additional slowdown, comparing the other three.
for (var q=0; q<1000; ++q) {
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', (function (i) {
console.log(i);
}).bind(null, q));
}
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {
document.querySelector('output').textContent = performance.now().toFixed(3);
});
<output></output>
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {
for (var q=0; q<1000; ++q) {
(function (i) {
console.log(i)
}).bind(null, q)();
document.querySelector('output').textContent = performance.now().toFixed(3);
}
});
<output></output>
for (var q=0; q<1000; ++q) {
$((function (i) {
console.log(i);
}).bind(null, q));
}
$(function () {
document.querySelector('output').textContent = performance.now().toFixed(3);
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<output></output>
$(function () {
for (var q=0; q<1000; ++q) {
(function (i) {
console.log(i)
}).bind(null, q)();
document.querySelector('output').textContent = performance.now().toFixed(3);
}
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<output></output>
Maybe it's just me as a JavaScript avoider, but none of the scripts have document.ready inside. If you JS guys talk about document.ready, that's a synonym for addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded')?
There are two events: DOMContentLoaded and load (window.onload). First of them occures when the body pasring is complete, but some assets are loading still. The second - when the page is completely loaded. First one is nice for running scripts with dom manipulations, but browsers not always had support of it.
So jQuery uses the first of these two events and classic form of subscription was
$(document).ready(function () {
// ...
});
but after some versions if was simplified to passing function directly into jQuery:
$(function () {
// ...
});
So in vanilla examples I'm using the first of 2 events, and in jQuery examples I'm using the short form of subscription on it. As browsers without support of this event are very old it's correct to assume that jQuery always uses DOMContentLoaded (probably the load way is removed in version 2 - didn't check it, but see no reasons to keep it there).
Many document ready calls shouldn't affect much the application performance. The best solution may be having only one and init there all you need. But it depends on your application structure and you should be more confortable having more than one. Anyway, I don't think there is any Gulp task that wraps different ready functions in one, because it will touch the application logic.
You can have multiple ones, but it's not always the neatest thing to do. Try not to overuse them, as it will seriously affect readability. Other than that , it's perfectly legal.
It's also worth noting that a function defined within one $(document).ready block cannot be called from another $(document).ready block.
$(document).ready(function() {
alert('hello1');
function saySomething() {
alert('something');
}
saySomething();
});
$(document).ready(function() {
alert('hello2');
saySomething();
});
output was
hello1
something
hello2
Check this post and this one
Yes, you can use multiple document ready handler, there is no special advantage even though you can use jQuery code in several place. You can’t use the variable inside one in another since those are in different scope.
Actually jQuery event handler pushing function for execution in
queue of a particular event. When event is fired all functions
executes one by one from particular events row/stack/queue based on
return value of parent sequential function.
BUT
There is one thing to note that each $(document).ready() function call
must return. If an exception is thrown in one, subsequent calls will
never be run.
$(document).ready(function() {
document.write('<h3>In First ready function</h3>');
var foo = function() {
console.log('inside foo');
}
document.write("foo:" +(typeof foo)+"<br>");
document.write("bar:" +(typeof bar)+"<br>");
});
$(document).ready(function() {
document.write('<h3>In Second ready function</h3>');
var bar=function bar() {
console.log('inside bar');
}
document.write("foo:" +(typeof foo)+"<br>");
document.write("bar:" +(typeof bar)+"<br>");
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
Actually jQuery $(document).ready() method is attach function with DOMContentLoaded event using addEventListener method.
Yes you can have multiple instance of it on a single page. There is no particular advantage. All will get executed on first called first run basis.

How to call a function after "Complete page load" and "after all external script execution"?

How to call a function after "Complete page load" and "after all external script execution" ?
I tried all 4 below option, but no luck!!!
$(document).ready..
$(window).load...
window.onload = ...
$(document).ready(function()...
Doing setTimeout works for me, But not sure if this 100% efficient!!!!
setTimeout(function(){
//your code here
}, 3000);
Please advice and help!!!
I have been terribly interested with your question and going deep to the jQuery source I came up with a mad hack :)
But the key point is that you should put this piece of code at the very beginning, right after you plug jQuery:
$.statesNum = 0;
$.fn.ready = function ( fn ) {
$.statesNum++;
jQuery.ready.promise().done( fn ).then(function () {
$.statesNum--;
if ($.statesNum == 0) {
$(document).trigger("afterReady");
}
});
return this;
};
Now whenever you want to execute something after all .ready functions are done you can do like this:
$(document).on("afterReady", function () {
alert("Hey, the ready functions are executed");
});
Scripts are loaded and executed in the order they appear in your HTML. If you have simple scripts, just put things you want to run later at the bottom.
However if you have complex scripts that run asynchronously (meaning they run in parallel), then it is impossible to know if they have finished executing without actually looking at what they do. E.g. do they (or can they) trigger an event that you can listen to? Or maybe you can use "promise" patterns.

how to know the first ready state of DOM

i am trying to get the first ready state of the DOM. the second, third, etc is not interesting me, but the first one. is there any trick to get the first ready state of DOM?
$(document).ready(function() {
// is it the first ready state?
});
There are 4 readyState possible values:
uninitialized - Has not started loading yet
loading - Is loading
interactive - Has loaded enough and the user can interact with it
complete - Fully loaded
To see it's value use this code:
document.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (document.readyState === YourChoice) {
// ...
}
}
I could not catch the uninitialized readyState. (but why should I need it?)
If you need a listener for complete load of the DOM, use:
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', YourListener);
or
document.addEventListener('load', YourListener);
or even
window.onload = YourListener;
for jquery:
$(document).on("DOMContentLoaded", function() { });
or
$(document).on("load", function() { });
or
$(window).on("load", function() { });
Ah, you're using jQuery. Have a look at the docs: There is only one ready event! I will never fire multiple times. Internally, this is even handled with a Promise, so it cannot fire multiple times.

execute function after complete page load [duplicate]

This question already has answers here:
How to make JavaScript execute after page load?
(25 answers)
Closed 1 year ago.
I am using following code to execute some statements after page load.
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload = function () {
newInvite();
document.ag.src="b.jpg";
}
</script>
But this code does not work properly. The function is called even if some images or elements are loading. What I want is to call the function the the page is loaded completely.
this may work for you :
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
// your code here
}, false);
or
if your comfort with jquery,
$(document).ready(function(){
// your code
});
$(document).ready() fires on DOMContentLoaded, but this event is not being fired consistently among browsers. This is why jQuery will most probably implement some heavy workarounds to support all the browsers. And this will make it very difficult to "exactly" simulate the behavior using plain Javascript (but not impossible of course).
as Jeffrey Sweeney and J Torres suggested, i think its better to have a setTimeout function, before firing the function like below :
setTimeout(function(){
//your code here
}, 3000);
JavaScript
document.addEventListener('readystatechange', event => {
// When HTML/DOM elements are ready:
if (event.target.readyState === "interactive") { //does same as: ..addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded"..
alert("hi 1");
}
// When window loaded ( external resources are loaded too- `css`,`src`, etc...)
if (event.target.readyState === "complete") {
alert("hi 2");
}
});
same for jQuery:
$(document).ready(function() { //same as: $(function() {
alert("hi 1");
});
$(window).load(function() {
alert("hi 2");
});
NOTE: - Don't use the below markup ( because it overwrites other same-kind declarations ) :
document.onreadystatechange = ...
I'm little bit confuse that what you means by page load completed, "DOM Load" or "Content Load" as well? In a html page load can fire event after two type event.
DOM load: Which ensure the entire DOM tree loaded start to end. But not ensure load the reference content. Suppose you added images by the img tags, so this event ensure that all the img loaded but no the images properly loaded or not. To get this event you should write following way:
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
// your code here
}, false);
Or using jQuery:
$(document).ready(function(){
// your code
});
After DOM and Content Load: Which indicate the the DOM and Content load as well. It will ensure not only img tag it will ensure also all images or other relative content loaded. To get this event you should write following way:
window.addEventListener('load', function() {...})
Or using jQuery:
$(window).on('load', function() {
console.log('All assets are loaded')
})
If you can use jQuery, look at load. You could then set your function to run after your element finishes loading.
For example, consider a page with a simple image:
<img src="book.png" alt="Book" id="book" />
The event handler can be bound to the image:
$('#book').load(function() {
// Handler for .load() called.
});
If you need all elements on the current window to load, you can use
$(window).load(function () {
// run code
});
If you cannot use jQuery, the plain Javascript code is essentially the same amount of (if not less) code:
window.onload = function() {
// run code
};
If you wanna call a js function in your html page use onload event. The onload event occurs when the user agent finishes loading a window or all frames within a FRAMESET. This attribute may be used with BODY and FRAMESET elements.
<body onload="callFunction();">
....
</body>
You're best bet as far as I know is to use
window.addEventListener('load', function() {
console.log('All assets loaded')
});
The #1 answer of using the DOMContentLoaded event is a step backwards since the DOM will load before all assets load.
Other answers recommend setTimeout which I would strongly oppose since it is completely subjective to the client's device performance and network connection speed. If someone is on a slow network and/or has a slow cpu, a page could take several to dozens of seconds to load, thus you could not predict how much time setTimeout will need.
As for readystatechange, it fires whenever readyState changes which according to MDN will still be before the load event.
Complete
The state indicates that the load event is about to fire.
This way you can handle the both cases - if the page is already loaded or not:
document.onreadystatechange = function(){
if (document.readyState === "complete") {
myFunction();
}
else {
window.onload = function () {
myFunction();
};
};
}
you can try like this without using jquery
window.addEventListener("load", afterLoaded,false);
function afterLoaded(){
alert("after load")
}
Alternatively you can try below.
$(window).bind("load", function() {
// code here });
This works in all the case. This will trigger only when the entire page is loaded.
window.onload = () => {
// run in onload
setTimeout(() => {
// onload finished.
// and execute some code here like stat performance.
}, 10)
}
If you're already using jQuery, you could try this:
$(window).bind("load", function() {
// code here
});
I can tell you that the best answer I found is to put a "driver" script just after the </body> command. It is the easiest and, probably, more universal than some of the solutions, above.
The plan: On my page is a table. I write the page with the table out to the browser, then sort it with JS. The user can resort it by clicking column headers.
After the table is ended a </tbody> command, and the body is ended, I use the following line to invoke the sorting JS to sort the table by column 3. I got the sorting script off of the web so it is not reproduced here. For at least the next year, you can see this in operation, including the JS, at static29.ILikeTheInternet.com. Click "here" at the bottom of the page. That will bring up another page with the table and scripts. You can see it put up the data then quickly sort it. I need to speed it up a little but the basics are there now.
</tbody></body><script type='text/javascript'>sortNum(3);</script></html>
MakerMikey
I tend to use the following pattern to check for the document to complete loading. The function returns a Promise (if you need to support IE, include the polyfill) that resolves once the document completes loading. It uses setInterval underneath because a similar implementation with setTimeout could result in a very deep stack.
function getDocReadyPromise()
{
function promiseDocReady(resolve)
{
function checkDocReady()
{
if (document.readyState === "complete")
{
clearInterval(intervalDocReady);
resolve();
}
}
var intervalDocReady = setInterval(checkDocReady, 10);
}
return new Promise(promiseDocReady);
}
Of course, if you don't have to support IE:
const getDocReadyPromise = () =>
{
const promiseDocReady = (resolve) =>
{
const checkDocReady = () =>
((document.readyState === "complete") && (clearInterval(intervalDocReady) || resolve()));
let intervalDocReady = setInterval(checkDocReady, 10);
}
return new Promise(promiseDocReady);
}
With that function, you can do the following:
getDocReadyPromise().then(whatIveBeenWaitingToDo);
call a function after complete page load set time out
setTimeout(function() {
var val = $('.GridStyle tr:nth-child(2) td:nth-child(4)').text();
for(var i, j = 0; i = ddl2.options[j]; j++) {
if(i.text == val) {
ddl2.selectedIndex = i.index;
break;
}
}
}, 1000);
Try this jQuery:
$(function() {
// Handler for .ready() called.
});
Put your script after the completion of body tag...it works...

Why declare inside of $(function () { ... })?

The application I am looking at loads an external javascript file which looks like this:
$(function () {
// Don't allow browser caching of forms
$.ajaxSetup({ cache: false });
var dialogs = {};
var getValidationSummaryErrors = function ($form) {
// We verify if we created it beforehand
...
...
}
return errorSummary;
};
I understand that the file setups up some variables and also declares a function called getValidationSummaryErrors.
What I don't understand is why is this all within
$(function () { ... }
What's the purpose of this? Can I not just declare the variable and things inside the flat file without the "$(function () { }" ?
$(function() { ... }); is just short for $(document).ready(function() { ... });, which ensures that the code is not executed until the DOM is ready, otherwise some code that affects the DOM may not work properly.
See http://api.jquery.com/ready/
$() is shortcut for jQuery.ready(), which executes code after page DOM is fully loaded. Sometimes you want to make sure that document is ready before you do certain things.
$(function () { ... });
Means that the function will run after the page (DOM part) is loaded, not when the code gets parsed. This you can make sure that the page is loaded faster, and also everything necessary is available for the javascript to run.
This is a concise notation for $(document).ready(function() {...}) ". NOTE : the jQuery document ready fires when the DOM has been loaded. It doesn't wait for entire page (included images and the like) to load.
Practically, any script that you put into the <head> executes immediately i.e. if the Script interacts with the DOM it needs to be ready.
Thirdly it is needed for separations of concerns. Ideally your javaScript and HTML are in separate files. If you follow this you will not have any in-line script tags in your HTML at all.

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