If I have a 600 by 400 grid, with 10 by 10 pixel squares like this:
/**
* draws grid to screen
*/
function drawgrid(context)
{
for(var x = 0.5; x < 600; x += 10)
{
context.moveTo(x, 0);
context.lineTo(x, 400);
}
for(var y = 0.5; y < 400; y += 10)
{
context.moveTo(0, y);
context.lineTo(600, y);
}
context.strokeStyle = "#eee";
context.stroke();
}
/**
* Creates a canvas element, loads images, adds events, and draws the canvas for the first time.
*/
function prepareCanvas()
{
var context = document.getElementById('canvas').getContext("2d");
drawgrid(context);
}
How would I mouseover the individual squares and highlight the square that the mouse is hovering over. Like make a red box highlighting the grid square the mouse is over.
See code below. Adjust coordinates for event
<body>
<canvas id=canvas height=400 width=600
onmousemove="over()" style="cursor:crosshair">
</canvas>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--
var grid;
function prepareCanvasGrid()
{
var cnv = document.getElementById('canvas');
grid = new CanvasGrid(cnv.getContext("2d"),cnv.offsetLeft, cnv.offsetTop);
}
function CanvasGrid(context,x,y) {
this.sq = [];
this.dirty = [];
this.ctx = context;
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.init = function(){
for(var x = 0.5; x < 600; x += 50) {
for(var y = 0.5; y < 400; y += 50) {
var s = new square(x,y, context);
this.sq.push(s);
}
}
}
this.draw = function(){
this.ctx.clearRect(0,0,600,400);
for(var i=0; i < this.sq.length; i++)
this.sq[i].draw();
}
this.clean = function(){
for(var i=0; i < this.dirty.length; i++)
this.dirty[i].draw();
this.dirty = [];
}
this.over = function(ex,ey){
ex = ex - this.x;
ey = ey - this.y;
for(var i=0; i < this.sq.length; i++) {
if(this.sq[i].eleAtPoint(ex,ey)){
this.clean(); // clean up
this.dirty.push(this.sq[i]);
this.sq[i].over();
break;
}
}
}
this.init();
this.draw();
}
function square(x,y, ctx){
this.ctx = ctx;
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.h = 50;
this.w = 50;
this.draw = function(){
this.ctx.strokeStyle = "#eee";
this.ctx.strokeRect(this.x, this.y, this.w, this.w);
this.ctx.fillStyle = "#fff";
this.ctx.fillRect(this.x, this.y, this.w, this.w);
}
this.over = function() {
this.ctx.fillStyle = "red";
this.ctx.fillRect(this.x, this.y, this.w, this.w);
}
this.eleAtPoint = function(ex,ey){
if(ex < this.x + this.w && ex > this.x
&& ey > this.y && ey < this.y + this.h)
return true;
return false;
}
}
function over(){
var e = window.event;
grid.over(e.clientX ,e.clientY);
}
prepareCanvasGrid();
//-->
</script>
Updated code for better performance
Just to add to hungryMind's answer, if you don't want any boxes to remain highlighted when the mouse is no longer over the canvas, add these two things:
1) An else if
this.over = function(ex,ey){
ex = ex - this.x;
ey = ey - this.y;
for(var i=0; i < this.sq.length; i++) {
if(this.sq[i].eleAtPoint(ex,ey)){
this.clean(); // clean up
this.dirty.push(this.sq[i]);
this.sq[i].over();
break;
} else if (!this.sq[i].eleAtPoint(ex,ey)) {
this.sq[i].off();
}
}
}
2) A square off() method:
this.off = function() {
this.draw();
}
Related
I've making a breakout game and I had to make some blocks and give them random colors defined in a array, but for making more blocks I had to use a for loop. So, when I add them to my update function, colors are flashing at frame rate. I think you'll understand better if you run the snippet
one more thing: that canvasRendering...rundedRectangle is a function that draws rounded edge rectangles someone please find a solution!
CanvasRenderingContext2D.prototype.roundedRectangle = function(x, y, width, height, rounded) {
const radiansInCircle = 2 * Math.PI;
const halfRadians = (2 * Math.PI)/2;
const quarterRadians = (2 * Math.PI)/4 ;
// top left arc
this.arc(rounded + x, rounded + y, rounded, -quarterRadians, halfRadians, true);
// line from top left to bottom left
this.lineTo(x, y + height - rounded);
// bottom left arc
this.arc(rounded + x, height - rounded + y, rounded, halfRadians, quarterRadians, true) ;
// line from bottom left to bottom right
this.lineTo(x + width - rounded, y + height);
// bottom right arc
this.arc(x + width - rounded, y + height - rounded, rounded, quarterRadians, 0, true) ;
// line from bottom right to top right
this.lineTo(x + width, y + rounded) ;
// top right arc
this.arc(x + width - rounded, y + rounded, rounded, 0, -quarterRadians, true) ;
// line from top right to top left
this.lineTo(x + rounded, y) ;
};
var canvas= document.getElementById("gameCanvas");
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
function Player(x,y,w,h){
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.w = w;
this.h = h;
this.show = function(){
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.rect(this.x, this.y, this.w, this.h);
ctx.fillStyle = "#ffff";
ctx.fill();
ctx.closePath();
};
this.move = function(speed){
this.x += speed;
};
}
function Ball(x,y,r){
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.r = r;
this.show = function(){
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(this.x,this.y,this.r,0,2* Math.PI);
ctx.fillStyle = "tomato";
ctx.fill();
ctx.closePath();
};
this.move= function(speedX,speedY){
this.show();
this.speed = 2;
this.x += speedX;
this.y += speedY;
};
}
var colors = ['#A5E75A','#7254AD','#FFD606','#FF093D'];
function Block(x,y,w,h){
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.w = w;
this.h = h;
this.status =1;
this.show= function(color){
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.roundedRectangle(this.x,this.y,this.w,this.h,5);
//ctx.arc(this.x,this.y,10,0,2*Math.PI);
//ctx.fillStyle = colors[Math.floor(Math.random()*colors.length)];
ctx.fillStyle = color;
ctx.fill();
ctx.closePath();
};
}
var player = new Player(canvas.width/2-50,780,100,20);
var ball = new Ball(player.x+player.w/2, player.y,15);
var rigthPressed = false;
var leftPressed = false;
var blocks = [];
var rowCount = 5;
var columnCount = 6;
var noInRow = 6;
var blockCount = (rowCount*columnCount)+1;
var rc = {blockRow : 0,
blockCol : 0};
for(let i = 0; i < blockCount; i++){
blocks.push(new Block(rc.blockCol*60+25,rc.blockRow*60-30,50,50));
rc.blockCol++;
if(i % noInRow === 0){
rc.blockRow++;
rc.blockCol = 0;
}
}
window.addEventListener("keydown", function(e){
if(e.keyCode == 39){
rigthPressed = true;
}
if(e.keyCode == 37){
leftPressed = true;
}
});
window.addEventListener("keyup", function(e){
if(e.keyCode == 39){
rigthPressed = false;
}
if(e.keyCode == 37){
leftPressed = false;
}
});
function objMovement(){
if(rigthPressed){
player.move(5);
if (player.x > canvas.width-player.w){
player.x = canvas.width-player.w;
}
}
if(leftPressed){
player.move(-5);
if(player.x < 0){
player.x = 0;
}
}
if(ball.x > canvas.width-ball.r || ball.x < 0+ball.r){
ballSpeedX = -ballSpeedX;
}
if (/*ball.y > canvas.height-ball.r ||*/ball.y < 0+ball.r){
ballSpeedY = -ballSpeedY;
}
if(ball.x<player.x+player.w &&ball.x>player.x && ball.y>player.y && ball.y<player.y+player.h){
ballSpeedY = -ballSpeedY;
ballSpeedX= ballSpeedX;
}
function Bump(){
if (ball.x>player.x && ball.x<player.x+player.w/2){
if (ball.y >= player.y){
ballSpeedX = -5;
}
}
if(ball.x>player.x+player.w/2 && ball.x<player.x+player.w){
if(ball.y >= player.y){
ballSpeedX = 5;
}
}
}
//Bump();
}
function reload(){
if (ball.y>canvas.height){
//alert('gameOver');
ball.x =player.x+player.w/2;
ball.y = player.y-ball.r;
ballSpeedX = 0;
ballSpeedY = 0;
}
}
var ballSpeedX = 0;
var ballSpeedY = -0;
function collision(){
for(let i=1;i<blockCount;i++){
if(ball.x>blocks[i].x &&
ball.x<blocks[i].x+blocks[i].w &&
ball.y>blocks[i].y &&
ball.y<blocks[i].y+blocks[i].h){
blocks[i].status = 0;
ballSpeedY = -ballSpeedY;
blocks.splice(i,1);
blockCount--;
//ballSpeedX = 0;
//ballSpeedY = 0;
console.log('hit');
}
}
}
function update(){
ctx.clearRect(0,0,canvas.width,canvas.height);
objMovement();
for(let i=1;i<blockCount;i++){
if(blocks[i].status == 1){
blocks[i].show(colors[Math.floor(Math.random()*colors.length)]);
}
}
collision();
ball.show();
ball.move(ballSpeedX,ballSpeedY);
player.show();
reload();
window.requestAnimationFrame(update);
}
update();
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>🌝🌝</title>
<style>
#body{
background-color: rgb(31, 30, 30);
}
#gameCanvas{
border: 15px solid rgb(44, 44, 44);
border-radius: 20px;
background-color:rgb(19, 18, 18);
margin: 250px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body id="body">
<canvas id="gameCanvas" width=400 height=800></canvas>
<script type="text/javascript" src="./index.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
Because you remove and redraw all rectangles from the canvas each update and assign a new color on show, they get assigned a new color each update. You might be able to avert this by adding a property color to the rectangle, which is initialised (once, so in the initial for loop) with a random color, and alter the show function to use this.color rather than accept a color as an argument. This way, you don't assign a new color to a rectangle each update, and it won't change color each update.
I created a game using Javascript. It is a game where a circle which can be controlled by the mouse, has to navigate through moving obstacles similar to a maze. When the circle hits an obstacle, the game should stop.
When i tried the same game but with one obstacle, it worked. But after adding more lines of code to create more obstacles, the circle and the obstacle doesn't appear in the output. Also, the crashWith function isn't being called when the circle hits the obstacle.
Here is the code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<style>
canvas {
border:1px solid #000000;
background-image: url("https://data.whicdn.com/images/223851992/large.jpg");
}
</style>
<body onload="begin()">
<script>
var gamePiece;
var gameObstacle = [];
function begin(){
gameArea.start();
gamePiece = new piece(10, "white", 20, 135);
}
var gameArea = {
canvas : document.createElement("canvas"),
start : function(){
this.canvas.width = 480;
this.canvas.height = 270;
this.canvas.style.cursor= 'none';
this.context = this.canvas.getContext("2d");
document.body.insertBefore( this.canvas, document.body.childNodes[0]);
this.frameNo = 0;
this.interval = setInterval(updateGame , 10); //for each frame
window.addEventListener('mousemove', function(n){
gameArea.x = n.pageX;
gameArea.y = n.pageY;
});
},
clear : function(){
this.context.clearRect(0,0, this.canvas.width, this.canvas.height);
},
stop : function(){
clearInterval(this.interval);
}
}
function eachInterval(e){
if((gameArea.frameNo / e) % 1 == 0)
return true;
else
return false;
}
//for circle
function piece (radius, color, x, y){
this.radius = radius;
this.speedx = 0;
this.speedy =0;
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.update = function(){
pieceContext = gameArea.context;
pieceContext.beginPath();
pieceContext.arc( this.x, this.y, this.radius, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
pieceContext.fillStyle = color;
pieceContext.fill();
}
this.newPlace = function(){
this.x += this.speedx;
this.y += this.speedy;
}
}
//for obstacle
function obstacle (width, height, color, x, y){
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
this.speedx = 0;
this.speedy =0;
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.update = function(){
obstacleContext = gameArea.context;
obstacleContext.fillStyle = color;
obstacleContext.fillRect(this.x, this.y, this.width, this.height);
}
this.newPlace = function(){
this.x += this.speedx;
this.y += this.speedy;
}
//check crash
this.crashWith = function(gamePiece){
var collide = true;
var otherleft = this.x;
var otherright = this.x + (this.width);
var othertop = this.y;
var otherbottom = this.y + (this.height);
var circleBottom = gamePiece.y + (gamePiece.radius);
var circleTop = gamePiece.y;
var circleLeft = gamePiece.x;
var circleRight = gamePiece.x + (gamePiece.radius);
if ((circleBottom < othertop) || (circleTop > otherbottom) || (circleRight < otherleft) || (circleLeft > otherright)) {
collide = false;
}
return collide;
}
}
function updateGame(){
var x,y;
for(i=0 ; i<gameObstacle.length ; i++){
if (gameObstacle[i].crashWith(gamePiece)){
gameArea.stop();
return;
}
}
gameArea.clear();
gameArea.frameNo +=1 ;
if(gameArea.frameNo == 1 || eachInterval(150)){
x = gameArea.canvas.width;
y = gameArea.canvas.height - 200;
gameObstacle.push(new obstacle(10, 200, "grey", x, y));
}
for(i=0 ; i<gameObstacle.length ; i++){
gameObstacle[i].x -= 1;
gameObstacle[i].update();
}
gameObstacle.x -= 1;
//giving co ordinates of cursor to game piece
gamePiece.x = gameArea.x;
gamePiece.y = gameArea.y;
gamePiece.update();
gamePiece.newPlace();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
The script below draws an image on the left side of the screen and a selection box in the right. It then attempts to redefine the image drawn on the left on each new selection in the selection box on the right by making the imageID dependent on the selection. However, as you can see below, whatever number you select on the right the image remains the same (1) because whilst it might be redrawn, it is not redefined on selection. What I would like to happen is that on selection in the box on the right the number in the image changes with the selection box such that it always correlates with the selection. In other words, when you click on 2 the image changes to the 2nd image in images. I have found two ways of doing this but they are both flawed:
1: Define img in paint's render function. This works but it makes everything run very slowly and the hover animations on the image stop working as expected.
2: Define img in the makeSelectionInfo function. This also works but the hover animations completely stop working if this is done.
I apologise for the long code but I couldn't condense it any more. For the sake of brevity I have only included images for numbers between 1 & 5. Any help will be appreciated.
var c=document.getElementById('game'),
canvasX=c.offsetLeft,
canvasY=c.offsetTop,
ctx=c.getContext('2d');
images=['https://i.stack.imgur.com/KfN4z.jpg',
'https://i.stack.imgur.com/MyQS1.png',
'https://i.stack.imgur.com/3Vlfj.jpg',
'https://i.stack.imgur.com/u3NLH.jpg',
'https://i.stack.imgur.com/XnLwl.png'];
var curvedRect = function(text, x, y, w, h) {
this.text = text;
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.w = w;
this.h = h;
this.hovered = false;
this.clicked = false;
}
curvedRect.prototype.makeCurvedRect = function() {
var delta=0, theta=0, yRotation=this.y;
if (this.hovered) {
delta = 3;
shadowColor = '#000000';
shadowBlur = 20;
shadowOffsetX = 5;
shadowOffsetY = 5;
theta = -0.01;
} else {
delta = 0;
theta = 0;
shadowColor = '#9F3A9B';
shadowBlur = 0;
shadowOffsetX = 0;
shadowOffsetY = 0;
}
var x = this.x-delta;
var y = yRotation-delta;
var w = this.w+(2*delta);
var h = this.h+(2*delta);
var img=new Image();
img.src=images[this.text];
ctx.rotate(theta);
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.lineWidth='8';
ctx.strokeStyle='white';
ctx.moveTo(x+10, y);
ctx.lineTo(x+w-10, y);
ctx.quadraticCurveTo(x+w, y, x+w, y+10);
ctx.lineTo(x+w, y+h-10);
ctx.quadraticCurveTo(x+w, y+h, x+w-10, y+h);
ctx.lineTo(x+10, y+h);
ctx.quadraticCurveTo(x, y+h, x, y+h-10);
ctx.lineTo(x, y+10);
ctx.quadraticCurveTo(x, y, x+10, y);
ctx.shadowColor = shadowColor;
ctx.shadowBlur = shadowBlur;
ctx.shadowOffsetX = shadowOffsetX;
ctx.shadowOffsetY = shadowOffsetY;
ctx.stroke();
ctx.shadowBlur = 0;
ctx.shadowOffsetX = 0;
ctx.shadowOffsetY = 0;
ctx.drawImage(img, x+2.5, y+2.5, w-5, h-5);
ctx.rotate(-theta);
}
curvedRect.prototype.hitTest = function(x, y) {
return (x >= this.x) && (x <= (this.w+this.x)) && (y >= this.y) && (y <= (this.h+this.y));
}
var selectionForMenu = function(id, text, y) {
this.id = id;
this.text = text;
this.y = y;
this.hovered = false;
this.clicked = false;
this.lastClicked = false;
}
function makeTextForSelected(text, y) {
ctx.font='bold 12px Noto Sans';
ctx.fillStyle='white';
ctx.textAlign='center';
ctx.fillText(text, 200, y);
}
function makeSelectionInfo(text) {
makeTextForSelected(text, 375);
}
selectionForMenu.prototype.makeSelection = function() {
var fillColor='#A84FA5';
if (this.hovered) {
if (this.clicked) {
if (this.lastClicked) {
fillColor='#E4C7E2';
} else {
fillColor='#D5A9D3';
}
} else if (this.lastClicked) {
fillColor='#D3A4D0';
makeSelectionInfo(this.text);
} else {
fillColor='#BA74B7';
}
} else if (this.lastClicked) {
fillColor='#C78DC5';
makeSelectionInfo(this.text);
} else {
fillColor='#A84FA5';
}
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.fillStyle=fillColor;
ctx.fillRect(400, this.y, 350, 30)
ctx.stroke();
ctx.font='10px Noto Sans';
ctx.fillStyle='white';
ctx.textAlign='left';
ctx.fillText(this.text, 410, this.y+19);
}
selectionForMenu.prototype.hitTest = function(x, y) {
return (x >= 400) && (x <= (750)) && (y >= this.y) && (y <= (this.y+30)) && !((x >= 400) && (y > 450));
}
var Paint = function(element) {
this.element = element;
this.shapes = [];
}
Paint.prototype.addShape = function(shape) {
this.shapes.push(shape);
}
Paint.prototype.render = function() {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, this.element.width, this.element.height);
for (var i=0; i<this.shapes.length; i++) {
try {
this.shapes[i].makeSelection();
}
catch(err) {}
try {
this.shapes[i].makeCurvedRect();
}
catch(err) {}
}
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.fillStyle='white';
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 750, 25);
ctx.stroke();
for (var i=0; i<this.shapes.length; i++) {
try {
this.shapes[i].makeBox();
}
catch(err) {}
}
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.fillStyle='#BC77BA';
ctx.fillRect(0, 450, 750, 50);
ctx.stroke();
ctx.font='bold 10px Noto Sans';
ctx.fillStyle='#9F3A9B';
ctx.textAlign='center';
ctx.fillText('Phrase Practice', 365, 17);
for (var i=0; i<this.shapes.length; i++) {
try {
this.shapes[i].makeInteractiveButton();
}
catch(err) {}
}
}
Paint.prototype.setHovered = function(shape) {
for (var i=0; i<this.shapes.length; i++) {
this.shapes[i].hovered = this.shapes[i] == shape;
}
this.render();
}
Paint.prototype.setClicked = function(shape) {
for (var i=0; i<this.shapes.length; i++) {
this.shapes[i].clicked = this.shapes[i] == shape;
}
this.render();
}
Paint.prototype.setUnclicked = function(shape) {
for (var i=0; i<this.shapes.length; i++) {
if (shape.constructor.name==this.shapes[i].constructor.name) {
this.shapes[i].clicked = false;
if (shape instanceof selectionForMenu) {
this.shapes[i].lastClicked = this.shapes[i] == shape;
}
}
}
this.render();
}
Paint.prototype.select = function(x, y) {
for (var i=this.shapes.length-1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (this.shapes[i].hitTest(x, y)) {
return this.shapes[i];
}
}
return null
}
imageID = 0;
var paint = new Paint(c);
var img = new curvedRect(imageID, 112.5, 100, 175, 175);
var selection = [];
for (i=0; i<=30; i++) {
selection.push(new selectionForMenu(i, i, 25+(i*30)));
}
paint.addShape(img);
for (i=0; i<30; i++) {
paint.addShape(selection[i])
}
paint.render();
var clickedShape=0;
var i=0;
function mouseDown(event) {
var x = event.x - canvasX;
var y = event.y - canvasY;
var shape = paint.select(x, y);
if (shape instanceof selectionForMenu) {
imageTextID = shape.id;
if (i==0) {
clickedShape=shape;
i=1;
} else if (i==1) {
i=0;
}
}
paint.setClicked(shape);
}
function mouseUp(event) {
var x = event.x - canvasX;
var y = event.y - canvasY;
var shape = paint.select(x, y);
if (clickedShape instanceof selectionForMenu) {
if (x>400 && y>25 && y<450) {
paint.setUnclicked(shape);
} else if (shape && !(shape instanceof selectionForMenu)) {
paint.setUnclicked(shape);
}
}
}
function mouseMove(event) {
var x = event.x - canvasX;
var y = event.y - canvasY;
var shape = paint.select(x, y);
paint.setHovered(shape);
}
c.addEventListener('mousedown', mouseDown);
c.addEventListener('mouseup', mouseUp);
c.addEventListener('mousemove', mouseMove);
canvas {
z-index: -1;
margin: 1em auto;
border: 1px solid black;
display: block;
background: #9F3A9B;
}
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>uTalk Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="game" width = "750" height = "500"></canvas>
</body>
</html>
Fixed your code here https://jsfiddle.net/0wq0hked/2/
You can diff to see what I changed, but basically you weren't initializing and adding the multiple curvedRect to the Paint.shapes array. I also added the images as an attribute of curvedRect.
I also had to add a visible parameter to your shapes, as your mouse hover Paint.select function was not functioning properly. The way yours works, shapes that share the same (x,y) do not allow other shapes from being hovered even when they are not visible. Thus multiple shapes occupying the image area to the left stopped the hover from working properly. I suppose you could keep your Paint.select and instance/remove shapes when they are to be drawn, but you do not have shape removal functionality as far as I can tell.
Also, you call render on every event, this is a bad idea. Take a look at requestAnimationFrame and try drawing at the screen refresh rate rather than on user input.
I am trying to create a animation where circles run from right to left. The circles' colours are selected randomly by a function. I have created a fiddle where one circle runs from right to left. Now my function creates a random colour. This function is executed every second and the circle changes its colour every second, instead of a new circle with the random picked colour become created. How can I change it so that it draws a new circle every second on the canvas and doesn't only change the colour of the circle?
This is my function:
function getRandomElement(array) {
if (array.length == 0) {
return undefined;
}
return array[Math.floor(Math.random() * array.length)];
}
var circles = [
'#FFFF00',
'#FF0000',
'#0000FF'
];
function drawcircles() {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(ballx * 108, canvasHeight / 2, x*5, 0, 2*Math.PI, false);
ctx.fillStyle = getRandomElement(circles);
ctx.fill();
ctx.closePath;
}
Comments on your question:
You are changing the color of the fillStyle to a random color at each frame. This is the reason why it keeps "changing" color. Set it to the color of the circle:
context.fillStyle = circle.color;
make circles with x, y, diameter, bounciness, speed, and color using an array
draw and update them with requestAnimationFrame (mine is a custom function)
My answer:
I made this just last night, where some circles follow the cursor and "bounce" off the edges of the screen. I tested the code and it works.
I might post a link later, but here is all of the code right now...
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
<script>
var lastTime = 0;
function requestMyAnimationFrame(callback, time)
{
var t = time || 16;
var currTime = new Date().getTime();
var timeToCall = Math.max(0, t - (currTime - lastTime));
var id = window.setTimeout(function(){ callback(currTime + timeToCall); }, timeToCall);
lastTime = currTime + timeToCall;
return id;
}
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
canvas.width = window.innerWidth - 20;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight - 20;
canvas.style.width = canvas.width + "px";
canvas.style.height = canvas.height + "px";
var circles = [];
var mouse =
{
x: 0,
y: 0
}
function getCoordinates(x, y)
{
return "(" + x + ", " + y + ")";
}
function getRatio(n, d)
{
// prevent division by 0
if (d === 0 || n === 0)
{
return 0;
}
else
{
return n/d;
}
}
function Circle(x,y,d,b,s,c)
{
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.diameter = Math.round(d);
this.radius = Math.round(d/2);
this.bounciness = b;
this.speed = s;
this.color = c;
this.deltaX = 0;
this.deltaY = 0;
this.drawnPosition = "";
this.fill = function()
{
context.beginPath();
context.arc(this.x+this.radius,this.y+this.radius,this.radius,0,Math.PI*2,false);
context.closePath();
context.fill();
}
this.clear = function()
{
context.fillStyle = "#ffffff";
this.fill();
}
this.draw = function()
{
if (this.drawnPosition !== getCoordinates(this.x, this.y))
{
context.fillStyle = this.color;
// if commented, the circle will be drawn if it is in the same position
//this.drawnPosition = getCoordinates(this.x, this.y);
this.fill();
}
}
this.keepInBounds = function()
{
if (this.x < 0)
{
this.x = 0;
this.deltaX *= -1 * this.bounciness;
}
else if (this.x + this.diameter > canvas.width)
{
this.x = canvas.width - this.diameter;
this.deltaX *= -1 * this.bounciness;
}
if (this.y < 0)
{
this.y = 0;
this.deltaY *= -1 * this.bounciness;
}
else if (this.y+this.diameter > canvas.height)
{
this.y = canvas.height - this.diameter;
this.deltaY *= -1 * this.bounciness;
}
}
this.followMouse = function()
{
// deltaX/deltaY will currently cause the circles to "orbit" around the cursor forever unless it hits a wall
var centerX = Math.round(this.x + this.radius);
var centerY = Math.round(this.y + this.radius);
if (centerX < mouse.x)
{
// circle is to the left of the mouse, so move the circle to the right
this.deltaX += this.speed;
}
else if (centerX > mouse.x)
{
// circle is to the right of the mouse, so move the circle to the left
this.deltaX -= this.speed;
}
else
{
//this.deltaX = 0;
}
if (centerY < mouse.y)
{
// circle is above the mouse, so move the circle downwards
this.deltaY += this.speed;
}
else if (centerY > mouse.y)
{
// circle is under the mouse, so move the circle upwards
this.deltaY -= this.speed;
}
else
{
//this.deltaY = 0;
}
this.x += this.deltaX;
this.y += this.deltaY;
this.x = Math.round(this.x);
this.y = Math.round(this.y);
}
}
function getRandomDecimal(min, max)
{
return Math.random() * (max-min) + min;
}
function getRoundedNum(min, max)
{
return Math.round(getRandomDecimal(min, max));
}
function getRandomColor()
{
// array of three colors
var colors = [];
// go through loop and add three integers between 0 and 255 (min and max color values)
for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
colors[i] = getRoundedNum(0, 255);
}
// return rgb value (RED, GREEN, BLUE)
return "rgb(" + colors[0] + "," + colors[1] + ", " + colors[2] + ")";
}
function createCircle(i)
{
// diameter of circle
var minDiameter = 25;
var maxDiameter = 50;
// bounciness of circle (changes speed if it hits a wall)
var minBounciness = 0.2;
var maxBounciness = 0.65;
// speed of circle (how fast it moves)
var minSpeed = 0.3;
var maxSpeed = 0.45;
// getRoundedNum returns a random integer and getRandomDecimal returns a random decimal
var x = getRoundedNum(0, canvas.width);
var y = getRoundedNum(0, canvas.height);
var d = getRoundedNum(minDiameter, maxDiameter);
var c = getRandomColor();
var b = getRandomDecimal(minBounciness, maxBounciness);
var s = getRandomDecimal(minSpeed, maxSpeed);
// create the circle with x, y, diameter, bounciness, speed, and color
circles[i] = new Circle(x,y,d,b,s,c);
}
function makeCircles()
{
var maxCircles = getRoundedNum(2, 5);
for (var i = 0; i < maxCircles; i++)
{
createCircle(i);
}
}
function drawCircles()
{
var ii = 0;
for (var i = 0; ii < circles.length; i++)
{
if (circles[i])
{
circles[i].draw();
ii++;
}
}
}
function clearCircles()
{
var ii = 0;
for (var i = 0; ii < circles.length; i++)
{
if (circles[i])
{
circles[i].clear();
ii++;
}
}
}
function updateCircles()
{
var ii = 0;
for (var i = 0; ii < circles.length; i++)
{
if (circles[i])
{
circles[i].keepInBounds();
circles[i].followMouse();
ii++;
}
}
}
function update()
{
requestMyAnimationFrame(update,10);
updateCircles();
}
function draw()
{
requestMyAnimationFrame(draw,1000/60);
context.clearRect(0,0,canvas.width,canvas.height);
drawCircles();
}
function handleError(e)
{
//e.preventDefault();
//console.error(" ERROR ------ " + e.message + " ------ ERROR ");
}
window.addEventListener("load", function()
{
window.addEventListener("error", function(e)
{
handleError(e);
});
window.addEventListener("resize", function()
{
canvas.width = window.innerWidth - 20;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight - 20;
});
window.addEventListener("mousemove", function(e)
{
mouse.x = e.layerX || e.offsetX;
mouse.y = e.layerY || e.offsetY;
});
makeCircles();
update();
draw();
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
I'm creating a basic game that draws squares at random positions on a canvas, but sometimes the shape gets cut off because it's outside of the canvas' boundaries. Can any one explain how I could go about getting the square to be drawn on the other side of the canvas (similar to how it's done in asteroids)? The searches I've come up with haven't been helpful. Any help is appreciated.
OK I think I've solved this one. Basically this code only draws the square whilst it is inside the canvas, if it leaves the canvas it checks which boundaries it is leaving and updates the position. The looped variable is needed because otherwise the square will be always leaving the canvas.
var canvas = document.getElementById('bg');
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
var squares = [];
squares[squares.length] = new Square(200, 200, 20, 'red', 0.785398164);
function Square(x, y, size, colour, angle)
{
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.size = size;
this.colour = colour;
this.speed = 5;
this.angle = angle;
this.looped = false;
}
Square.prototype.update = function()
{
this.x += (Math.cos(this.angle) * this.speed);
this.y += (Math.sin(this.angle) * this.speed);
if (this.x < canvas.width && this.x + this.size > 0 &&
this.y < canvas.height && this.y + this.size > 0)
{
this.draw();
this.looped = false;
}
else
{
if (this.x > canvas.width && !this.looped)
{
this.x = -this.size;
}
if (this.x + this.size < 0 && !this.looped)
{
this.x = this.size + canvas.width;
}
if (this.y > canvas.height && !this.looped)
{
this.y = -this.size;
}
if (this.y + this.size < 0 && !this.looped)
{
this.y = this.size + canvas.height;
}
this.looped = true;
}
}
Square.prototype.draw = function()
{
ctx.fillStyle = this.colour;
ctx.fillRect(this.x, this.y, this.size, this.size);
}
function gameLoop()
{
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
for (var i = 0; i < squares.length; i++)
{
squares[i].update();
}
requestAnimationFrame(gameLoop);
}
gameLoop();
(function()
{
// http://paulirish.com/2011/requestanimationframe-for-smart-animating/
var lastTime = 0;
var vendors = ['ms', 'moz', 'webkit', 'o'];
for(var x = 0; x < vendors.length && !window.requestAnimationFrame; ++x)
{
window.requestAnimationFrame = window[vendors[x]+'RequestAnimationFrame'];
window.cancelAnimationFrame = window[vendors[x]+'CancelAnimationFrame'] || window[vendors[x]+'CancelRequestAnimationFrame'];
}
if (!window.requestAnimationFrame) window.requestAnimationFrame = function(callback, element)
{
var currTime = new Date().getTime();
var timeToCall = Math.max(0, 16 - (currTime - lastTime));
var id = window.setTimeout(function()
{
callback(currTime + timeToCall);
}, timeToCall);
lastTime = currTime + timeToCall;
return id;
};
if (!window.cancelAnimationFrame) window.cancelAnimationFrame = function(id)
{
clearTimeout(id);
};
}());
I'd do a JSFiddle but requestAnimationFrame doesn't play nice with it.