I'm trying to make a responsive square with the width size based on the (100%) height of the element. I believe it's impossible using only CSS.
The square width should be equal to the height (100% of the large container. The large container is more than 100% of the screen). The ratio has to be width=height to keep the square.
You could do this with a tiny inline image.
No JS, no extra files.
.container {
height: 150px;
width: 100%;
text-align: center;
background: #acd;
}
.square {
display: inline-block;
height: 100%;
background: #691;
}
<div class="container">
<div class="square">
<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" height="100%">
</div>
</div>
For a CSS-only solution (where you're sizing relative to the screen size), use viewport units. For example:
#media screen and (orientation:landscape) {
.box{
height: 100vh;
width: 100vh;
}
}
#media screen and (orientation:portrait) {
.box{
height: 100vw;
width: 100vw;
}
}
(You may want to reduce it to 98 units to eliminate scrolling)
Works great for divs that need to take up a precise proportion of screen space.
JSFiddle here.
Take a look... at the aspect-ratio property.
This property makes creating a square div based on height, in the easiest method possible. Here's some example code:
h2 {
font-family: calibri;
}
#parent {
height: 96px;
width: 256px;
background: grey;
margin-bottom: 16px;
}
#child {
height: 80px;
aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
background: lightgrey;
}
#anotherParent {
height: 96px;
width: 256px;
background: grey;
}
#anotherChild {
height: 50%;
aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
background: lightgrey;
}
<h2>Absolute height (80px/96px)</h2>
<div id="parent">
<div id="child">
</div>
</div>
<h2>Relative height (50%)</h2>
<div id="anotherParent">
<div id="anotherChild">
</div>
</div>
Here are a couple of links to help you understand the aspect-ratio property:
https://css-tricks.com/almanac/properties/a/aspect-ratio/
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/aspect-ratio
https://support.squarespace.com/hc/en-us/articles/115008538927
Since a square has same width and the height, and you know the width of the square, you can apply the same value to height.
If you can use JS, then please try this: (jQuery)
var wiDth = $('div').css('width'); // get width
$('div').css('height', wiDth); // apply that value to the height
Try it here: http://jsfiddle.net/afzaal_ahmad_zeeshan/vpGUK/
You can accomplish this using javascript. I'm assuming that you have a larger div container, in which you want a square, whose height is the same height as the container. The html is as follows:
<div id="container">
<div id="square" style="height:100%;">
</div>
</div>
In javascript, you would simply do:
<script>
var container = document.getElementById("container");
var square = document.getElementById("square");
square.style.width = container.style.height;
window.onresize=function(){
square.style.width = container.style.height;
};
<script>
Hope that helps
I think this can be a good 'css only' solution for you.
Cross browser working.
http://absolide.tumblr.com/post/7317210512/full-css-fluid-squares
Good to highlight this nice css rule:
If the vertical paddings (and margins) are specified in percent (%) values the size is a percent of the width of the containing element.
Put it on your <script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> and try with jquery:
var totalHeight = 0;
$("#yourContainer").children().each(function(){
totalHeight += $(this).height;
});
$("#yourContainer").css('width', totalHeight + 'px');
Ok here the solution.
<div id="square" style="background-color:black;height:100%">test</div>
$(window).ready(updateWidth);
$(window).resize(updateWidth);
function updateWidth()
{
var square = $('#square');
var size = square.height();
square.css('width',size);
}
http://jsfiddle.net/j372H/7/
You can assign width and height to the container like this
.container {
width: 100vh;
height: 100vh;
}
It will create a square div with 100% height and width=height.
Related
I'm making a portfolio website and I am trying to make a simple image browser. I have a container div with size relative to the size of the browser window. I want that div to be able to contain images of different aspect ratios and a caption of fixed height and the width relative to the width of the image. I don't want the div to stretch to contain the images, I want to resize the image (you can see what I mean in the picture below).
illustration of the problem here
I was trying to use javascript to calculate the size of the image, but failed, because I couldn't calculate the element's size before it is actually loaded. This is how I tried to do it (not thinking about the titlebar):
var divAspectRatio = containerDiv.offsetHeight/containerDiv.offsetWidth;
var imageAspectRatio = image.offsetHeight/image.offsetWidth;
if(divAspectRatio>imageAspectRatio){
image.style.height = content_in.offsetHeight;
}else{
image.style.width = content_in.offsetWidth;
}
captionDiv.style.width = image.offsetWidth;
How do I make it work?
If your background image is in a div element, add this to your css, inside the div block:
background-size: cover;
If it's in an img element, add this to your css, inside the img block:
object-fit: cover;
Try using this css element:
object-fit: cover
This way, your image will get resized to fit the containing box!
The desired layout needs some calculation as the placing of an image that has aspect ratio bigger than the aspect ratio of the container differs from one that doesn't. Also to note is that the caption area is required to be only as wide as the displayed image but has a fixed height.
The imgs are wrapped in an 'innerdiv' which will also contain the caption. On loading the image's aspect ratio is found and stored as a CSS variable. Other CSS variables are set up in advance - see the head of this snippet for those that can be chosen. Remaining calculations are done in CSS.
window.onload = function () {
const imgs = document.querySelectorAll('.container .innerdiv .img');
imgs.forEach(img => {
img.parentElement.style.setProperty('--imgratio', img.naturalWidth / img.naturalHeight);
img.parentElement.classList.add(( (img.naturalWidth / img.naturalHeight) > getComputedStyle(img).getPropertyValue("--containerratio") ) ? 'wider' : 'thinner');
});
}
* {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
.container {
/* SET THE NEXT 4 VARIABLES TO WHAT YOU REQUIRE */
--unit: 1vmin; /* the basic unit - must be fixed e.g. vmin, px, ch not % */
--containerw: 40; /* width of a container in these units */
--containerratio: 1.5; /* the ratio of width to height */
--captionh: 4vmin; /* height of a caption including its units (which must be fixed e.g. vmin, px, em */
--containerh: calc(var(--containerw) / var(--containerratio));
display: inline-block;
width: calc(var(--containerw) * var(--unit));
height: calc(var(--containerh) * var(--unit));
position: relative;
border: solid;
}
.innerdiv {
display: inline-block;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
}
.innerdiv.thinner {
width: calc(var(--imgratio) * ((var(--containerh) * var(--unit)) - var(--captionh)));
height: 100%;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
}
.innerdiv.wider {
width: 100%;
height: calc((var(--containerw) / var(--imgratio)) * var(--unit) + var(--captionh));
top: 50%;
transform: translateY(-50%);
}
.img {
width: 100%;
height: auto;
}
.caption {
font-size: 2vmin;
background-color: yellow;
text-align: center;
width: 100%;
height: var(--captionh);
position: absolute;
top: calc(100% - var(--captionh));
left: 0;
}
<div class="container">
<div class="innerdiv">
<img class="img" src="https://picsum.photos/id/1016/200/300">
<div class="caption">CAPTION</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="innerdiv">
<img class="img" src="https://picsum.photos/id/1016/500/200">
<div class="caption">CAPTION</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="innerdiv">
<img class="img" src="https://picsum.photos/id/1016/300/300">
<div class="caption">CAPTION</div>
</div>
</div>
I'm working on a Video editing tool, and I need to maintain the 16:9 aspect ratio of the video when resizing the screen horizontally and vertically. So far I got it to work as expected when resizing horizontally, and when resizing down vertically, but can't get it to work when sizing up vertically. The Javascript code I used to calculate the height of the video and resize it is below (notice how the else clause is empty because that's where the code should go):
const calculateHeight = () => {
// Get the other elements on the page
const header = document.querySelector('.main-navigation');
const meshTopBar = document.querySelector('.mesh__top-bar');
const footer = document.querySelector('.mesh__bottom-bar');
// Get the section to apply the window height to it
const mainSection = document.querySelector('.insert-level-container');
// Get the video elements
const editor = document.querySelector('.mesh__insert-editor-container');
const video = document.querySelector('.mesh__insert-editor-video-container');
// Apply the height to the main section by calculating the window height minus the other elements' height
if(mainSection !== null) {
mainSection.style.height = (window.innerHeight - header.offsetHeight - meshTopBar.offsetHeight - footer.offsetHeight) + 'px';
}
// This should be the ideal height for the video
video.style.minHeight = ((video.offsetWidth * 9) / 16) + 'px';
// If the video height is bigger than the section height (calculated above), then resize it
if(video.offsetHeight + 115 > mainSection.offsetHeight) {
video.style.minHeight = video.offsetHeight - 1 + 'px';
editor.style.maxWidth = video.offsetHeight * 16 / 9 + 'px';
} else {
// This is where the logic for the vertical resizing should go
}
}
The relevant CSS for these items is:
.mesh__insert-editor-container {
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
.mesh__insert-editor-video-container {
position: relative;
width: 100%:
}
And the HTML:
<section class="mesh__insert-editor-container flex__one flex-container flex-column horizontally-left-aligned" id="video-main-container">
<div class="mesh__insert-editor-video-container flex-container horizontally-right-aligned flex-wrap">
<video class="mesh__insert-editor-video-placeholder"></video>
</div>
</section>
All this code is:
Get the height of all the elements on the page, sum them and calculate the main section height by subtracting that height;
If the video height gets bigger than the section height, I reduce its height by -1px each time the window gets resized, and calculate the new width.
All the above code is giving me this result, which works great for most scenarios, but I need the video to size up when the condition on the if statement is not met. Everything I tried inside the else statement gets "jumpy".
Any better alternatives to solve this would be much appreciated. Thanks all!
The CSS aspect ratio trick might be a good solution: https://css-tricks.com/aspect-ratio-boxes/
The approach takes advantage of a quirk in CSS where padding based on a percentage value will be relative to the element's width. Create a container using this trick, the important bit is this line:
padding-top: calc(9/16 * 100%);
The value is calculating the correct height based on the aspect ratio you want (9 tall over 16 wide in this case) and generating it relative to the width of the element by multiplying by 100%.
With the container maintaining aspect ratio, just place the content inside an absolute positioned inner div and you should be good. This solution is fully responsive at that point.
* { box-sizing: border-box }
.outer-max-width {
max-width: 960px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.aspect-ratio-box {
width: 100%;
padding-top: calc(9/16 * 100%);
position: relative;
border: 2px solid red; /* for demo visibility, remove */
}
.aspect-ratio-box-content {
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
top: 0;
left: 0;
border: 2px solid blue; /* for demo visibility, remove */
}
.video-placeholder {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: auto;
}
<div class="outer-max-width">
<div class="aspect-ratio-box">
<div class="aspect-ratio-box-content">
<img class="video-placeholder" src="https://placeimg.com/640/360/nature" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
Got it to work! I used this amazing CSS-only solution: https://codepen.io/EightArmsHQ/pen/BvNzrm similar to BugsArePeopleToo's suggestion, from eightarmshq:
.content{
position: absolute;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background: #555;
box-shadow: inset 1vh 1vh 10vh 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
display: flex;
box-sizing: border-box;
border: 25px solid #cecece;
}
I need to maintain the width of an element as a percentage of its height. So as the height changes, the width is updated.
The opposite is achievable by using a % value for padding-top, but padding-left as a percentage will be a percentage of the width of an object, not its height.
So with markup like this:
<div class="box">
<div class="inner"></div>
</div>
I'd like to use something like this:
.box {
position: absolute;
margin-top: 50%;
bottom: 0;
}
.inner {
padding-left: 200%;
}
To ensure the box's aspect ratio is maintained according to it's height. The height is fluid because of it's % margin - as the window's height changes, the box's height will too.
I know how to achieve this with JavaScript, just wondering if there's a clean CSS-only solution?
You can use an image that has the desired proportions as to help with proportional sizing (images can be scaled proportionally by setting one dimension to some value and other to auto). The image does not have to be visible, but it must occupy space.
.box {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
height: 50%;
}
.size-helper {
display: block;
width: auto;
height: 100%;
}
.inner {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
background: rgba(255, 255, 153, .8);
}
<div class="box">
<img class="size-helper" src="//dummyimage.com/200x100/999/000" width="200" height="100">
<div class="inner">
1. box has fluid height<br>
2. img has 2:1 aspect ratio, 100% height, auto width, static position<br>
2.1 it thus maintains width = 200% of height<br>
2.2 it defines the dimensions of the box<br>
3. inner expands as much as box
</div>
</div>
In the above example, box, inner and helper are all same size.
You can use vh units for both height and width of your element so they both change according to the viewport height.
vh
1/100th of the height of the viewport. (MDN)
DEMO
.box {
position: absolute;
height:50vh;
width:100vh;
bottom: 0;
background:teal;
}
<div class="box"></div>
There is another, more efficient way to achieve constant aspect ratio according to height.
You can place an empty svg so you dont have to load an external image.
HTML code:
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
height="100"
width="200"
class='placeholder-svg'
/>
CSS code:
.placeholder-svg {
width: auto;
height: 100%;
}
Change width/height to achieve desired aspect ratio.
Keep in mind, the svg might overflow.
http://www.w3.org/2000/svg is just a namespace. It doesn't load anything.
If you change placeholder-svg class to:
.placeholder-svg {
width: 100%;
height: auto;
}
then height is adjusted according to width.
Demo 1 Width is adjusted according to height and 2:1 aspect ratio.
Demo 2 same as above, but you can resize easily (uses React)
The CSS trick you wrote, works pretty well to keep ratio width / height on an element.
It is based on the padding property that, when its value is in percent, is proportional to parent width, even for padding-top and padding-bottom.
There is no CSS property that could set an horizontal sizing proportionally to the parent height.
So I think there is no clean CSS solution.
As of 2021 there is a property called aspect-ratio.
Most browsers support it
div {
border: 1px solid;
margin: 8px;
}
.box {
width: 100px;
min-height: 100px;
resize: horizontal;
overflow: auto;
}
.inner1 {
aspect-ratio: 1/1;
}
.inner2 {
aspect-ratio: 3/1;
}
<div class="box">
<div class="inner1"></div>
<div class="inner2"></div>
</div>
Run this snippet and resize the outer div manually to see the inner divs behavior
I can't find a pure CSS solution. Here's a solution using CSS Element Queries JavaScript library.
var aspectRatio = 16/9;
var element = document.querySelector('.center');
function update() {
element.style.width = (element.clientHeight * aspectRatio) + 'px';
}
new ResizeSensor(element, update);
update();
CodePen demo!
I have a div with height = 10*screen-height.
I want to add another smaller div to it with height = screen height
Assuming that I can add 10 such smaller div's onto the bigger div, I want to add this div at particular position on the bigger div. Say starting from 4*screenheight pixel. How do I do that using jQuery?
Presumably you already have the screen height stored, and the two divs created at the correct heights, so:
$(inner_div).css('position', 'relative').css('top', 4*screen_height);
You may not need position:relative in your style if it's in your css already
See here how you can access and manipulate the body's height and the big div's inners afterwards;
JSfiddle
HTML
<div id="biggy">
<div class="smally">Smally :)</div>
<div class="smally">Smally 2, don't forget me :D</div>
</div>
CSS
html, body {
height: 100%;
padding: 0px;
margin: 0px;
}
#biggy {
width: 200px;
background-color: orange;
position: relative;
}
.smally {
width: 100%;
background-color: blue;
color: white;
text-align: center;
position: absolute;
}
JavaScript
$(document).ready(function() {
var bh = $('body').height();
var smally_offset = (bh / 10);
// Set biggy to be the body's height
$('#biggy').css('height', bh);
// Make all smallies 10% of the set height
$('.smally').css('height', smally_offset);
// Handle the different smallies :)
$('.smally:nth-child(1)').css('top', smally_offset * 0);
$('.smally:nth-child(2)').css('top', smally_offset * 1);
});
How can I scale a div to fit inside the browser view port but preserve the aspect ratio of the div. How can I do this using CSS and/or JQuery?
Thanks!
You don't need javascript for this. You can use pure CSS.
A padding-top percentage is interpreted relative to the containing block width. Combine it with position: absolute on a child element, and you can put pretty much anything in a box that retains its aspect ratio.
HTML:
<div class="aspectwrapper">
<div class="content">
</div>
</div>
CSS:
.aspectwrapper {
display: inline-block; /* shrink to fit */
width: 100%; /* whatever width you like */
position: relative; /* so .content can use position: absolute */
}
.aspectwrapper::after {
padding-top: 56.25%; /* percentage of containing block _width_ */
display: block;
content: '';
}
.content {
position: absolute;
top: 0; bottom: 0; right: 0; left: 0; /* follow the parent's edges */
outline: thin dashed green; /* just so you can see the box */
}
The display: inline-block leaves a little extra space below the bottom edge of the .aspectwrapper box, so another element below it won't run flush against it. Using display: block will get rid of it.
Thanks to this post for the tip!
Another approach relies on the fact that browsers respect an image's aspect ratio when you resize only its width or height. (I'll let google generate a 16x9 transparent image for demonstration purposes, but in practice you would use your own static image.)
HTML:
<div class="aspectwrapper">
<img class="aspectspacer" src="http://chart.googleapis.com/chart?cht=p3&chs=160x90" />
<div class="content">
</div>
</div>
CSS:
.aspectwrapper {
width: 100%;
position: relative;
}
.aspectspacer {
width: 100%; /* let the enlarged image height push .aspectwrapper's bottom edge */
}
.content {
position: absolute;
top: 0; bottom: 0; right: 0; left: 0;
outline: thin dashed green;
}
Thanks to Geoff for the tip on how to structure the math and logic. Here's my jQuery implementation, which I'm using to size a lightbox so it fills the window:
var height = originalHeight;
var width = originalWidth;
aspect = width / height;
if($(window).height() < $(window).width()) {
var resizedHeight = $(window).height();
var resizedWidth = resizedHeight * aspect;
}
else { // screen width is smaller than height (mobile, etc)
var resizedWidth = $(window).width();
var resizedHeight = resizedWidth / aspect;
}
This is working well for me right now across laptop and mobile screen sizes.
I have a different pure HTML/CSS approach which does not rely on padding or absolute positioning. Instead it uses em units and relies on the CSS min() function plus a little bit of math.
Imagine that we want a viewport div with 16:9 aspect ratio which always fits the browser window and is centered in the axis with excess space. Here's how we can accomplish that:
HTML
<body>
<div class="viewport">
<p>
This should be a 16:9 viewport that fits the window.
</p>
</div>
</body>
CSS
body {
width: 100vw;
height: 100vh;
margin: 0;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
background-color: white;
font-size: min(1vw, 1.778vh);
}
div.viewport {
width: 100em;
height: 56.25em;
background-color: lightblue;
}
div.viewport > p {
font-size: 3em;
text-align: center;
}
You can experiment with this in a sample JSFiddle here.
The secret sauce is in the body font-size. It should be set to min(1vw, Avh), where A is the aspect ratio you want the div to have, i.e. width / height. In the example above we're using 1.778, which is approximately 16 / 9.
In CSS, em units are based on the font-size of the element, which is inherited from parent element if not explicitly set. For your viewport div, set the width to 100em (NOT rem) and the height to Iem, where I is the inverse of the aspect ratio expressed as a percentage, i.e. 100 / A or 100 * height / width. In the example above we're using 56.25, which is 100 * 9 / 16.
One bonus of this approach is that all of your nested elements may also use em units so that they always scale precisely with the size of the viewport. You can see this used on the p element in the example.
Note that as an alternative to the above, you may set the font-size on your html element and use rem units everywhere. CSS rem units are similar to em units but always relative to the root element's font-size.
Javascipt:
//Responsive Scaling
let outer = document.getElementById('outer'),
wrapper = document.getElementById('wrap'),
maxWidth = outer.clientWidth,
maxHeight = outer.clientHeight;
window.addEventListener("resize", resize);
resize();
function resize(){
let scale,
width = window.innerWidth,
height = window.innerHeight,
isMax = width >= maxWidth && height >= maxHeight;
scale = Math.min(width/maxWidth, height/maxHeight);
outer.style.transform = isMax?'':'scale(' + scale + ')';
wrapper.style.width = isMax?'':maxWidth * scale;
wrapper.style.height = isMax?'':maxHeight * scale;
}
HTML:
<div id="wrap">
<div id="outer">
{{ fixed content here }}
</div>
</div>
Styling:
/* Responsive Scaling */
#wrap {
position: relative;
width: 1024px;
height: 590px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
#outer {
position: relative;
width: 1024px;
height: 590px;
transform-origin: 0% 0%;
overflow: hidden;
}
This is possible with JQuery and a bit of maths.
Use JQuery to get the view ports width and height as well as the divs current dimensions.
$(document).width();
Calculate the divs current aspect ratio. eg width/height
You need a bit of logic to determine whether to set the width or height first, then use the initial ratio to calculate the other side.
jQuery has a plugin that grows an object until one of it's sides reaches a certain px-value. Coupling this will the viewport's height, you could expand any element to that size: jQuery MaxSide.