Develop Reference

Proportionally scale website to fit browser window

What would be an elegant solution to proportionally scale and center an entire website to fit a browser window (and updating as it's re-sized)
Assume the base layout is 720x500px
Content should proportionally scale to fit, and then re-center.
Essentially, operating like this Flash plugin: http://site-old.greensock.com/autofitarea/ (though base size is known)
Site will contain several different types of elements in that 720x500 area... ideal solution would just scale the whole thing, not needing to style each individual element (in case it matters- images will be SVG and so scaling should have no negative affect on resolution)

Depending on the browsers you need to support (IE9+), you could achieve that with simple CSS transform.
See an example (using jQuery) in this jsfiddle
var $win = $(window);
var $lay = $('#layout');
var baseSize = {
w: 720,
h: 500
}
function updateScale() {
var ww = $win.width();
var wh = $win.height();
var newScale = 1;
// compare ratios
if(ww/wh < baseSize.w/baseSize.h) { // tall ratio
newScale = ww / baseSize.w;
} else { // wide ratio
newScale = wh / baseSize.h;
}
$lay.css('transform', 'scale(' + newScale + ',' + newScale + ')');
console.log(newScale);
}
$(window).resize(updateScale);
If you need backwards compatibility, you could size everything in your site with % or em, and use a similar javascript to control the scale. I think that would be very laborious though.

One solution I'm using is working with a container in which I put an iframe that's being resized to fit as much available screen as possible without losing it's ratio. It works well but it's not completely flexible: you need to set dimensions in your content page in % if you want it to work. But if you can manage your page this way, I think it does pretty much what you want.
It goes like this. You create a container html page that's basically only styles, the resize script and the iframe call. And you content goes into the iframe page.
<style>
html, body
{
border: 0px;margin: 0px;
padding:0px;
}
iframe
{
display: block;
border: 0px;
margin: 0px auto;
padding:0px;
}
</style>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(e){
onResizeFn();
});
$(window).resize(function(e){
onResizeFn();
});
// this stretches the content iframe always either to max height or max width
function onResizeFn(){
var screen_ratio = 0.70 // this is your 720x500 ratio
if((window.innerHeight/window.innerWidth) > screen_ratio){
var theWidth = window.innerWidth
var theHeight = (window.innerWidth*screen_ratio);
} else {
var theHeight = window.innerHeight;
var theWidth = (window.innerHeight/screen_ratio);
}
document.getElementById("your_iframe").width = theWidth + "px"
document.getElementById("your_iframe").height = theHeight + "px"
}
</script>
// And then you call your page here
<iframe id='your_iframe' src='your_content_page' scrolling='no' frameborder='0'"></iframe>

how to change background images with fade

so far (with the help of this comm :)) I created a full viewport background, thats able to switch on click.
Since I'm a beginner I have two questions:
1) Is the code "good", or did I wrote it to complicated?
and the Mainquestion:
How can I put a fade effect into my code? Now it's kinda ugly, because the images are loading slow (stuttering). I imagine something like this:
Image--Click--Fading black--Fading in new Image--Click--Fading black---Fading in new Image--..
Here is the code I wrote:
HTML:
<div class="t1">
</div>
CSS:
.t1 {
background: url(pics/homescreen.JPG) no-repeat center center fixed ;
-webkit-background-size: cover;
-moz-background-size: cover;
-o-background-size: cover;
background-size: cover;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
jQuery:
$(function () {
var y = 1;
$('.t1').click(function () {
var x = ['url(pics/screen1.jpg) no-repeat center center fixed',
'url(pics/screen2.jpg) no-repeat center center fixed',
'url(pics/schild.jpg) no-repeat center center fixed'
]
$('.t1').css('background', x[y]);
$('.t1').css('background-size', 'cover');
if (y == 2) {
y = 0;
} else {
y = y + 1;
}
});
})

Demo: http://jsfiddle.net/bSAm2/
This doesn't include preloading, but the effect is quite nice.
If you are interested in a preloader, you probably want to preload images one at a time, when they are needed: loading all images upfront or worse in the head of your document, will likely slow down page loading beyond what's an acceptable UX.
Also, transition won't work on older browsers (see here)
To animate CSS properties, you can use http://api.jquery.com/animate/
In particular, you can fade out the current image by animating its opacity (to 0), then, when this animation is completed change the image source (while it is not visible) and start the fade-in animation.
For best appearance, you can preload images "Just in Time", for example you can preload the next image to show, so there won't be any latency
EDIT
This example works, and uses closure so that you can have multiple images rotating independently:
$(function () {
var images = ['url(http://lorempixel.com/output/people-q-c-640-480-8.jpg) no-repeat center center fixed',
'url(http://lorempixel.com/output/nature-q-c-640-480-8.jpg) no-repeat center center fixed',
'url(http://lorempixel.com/output/fashion-q-c-640-480-9.jpg) no-repeat center center fixed'
];
function bindSwitcher (elem) {
var imageIndex = 0;
return function switchImage () {
elem.fadeOut(function (){
elem.css('background', images[imageIndex]);
if (imageIndex == images.length - 1) {
imageIndex = 0;
} else {
imageIndex += 1;
}
elem.css('background-size', 'cover');
elem.fadeIn();
});
};
}
var imageSwitcher = bindSwitcher($('#t1'));
$('#t1').click(imageSwitcher);
$('#t2').click(bindSwitcher($('#t2')));
});
And the HTML, with a little change to show the difference:
<div id="t1" class="t1" style="position: absolute; left:0%">
</div>
<div id="t2" class="t1" style="position: absolute; left:50%">
</div>

Demo: http://jsfiddle.net/abhitalks/FNUx8/8/
Is the code "good", or did I wrote it to complicated?
A couple of things which you could do is:
Take your image array outside of click handler. You woudn't want to create that array every time a click happens.
Reduce the code to cycle the array by using a modulus.
Refer to the element using this.
Use an id instead of class to target the element directly if that is unique.
So, effectively your code reduces to:
var x = ['url(...1.jpg) no-repeat center center fixed',
'url(...2.jpg) no-repeat center center fixed',
'url(..3.jpg) no-repeat center center fixed'
];
var index = 0;
$('#t1').click(function () {
index = (index + 1) % x.length;
$(this).css('background', x[index]);
});
How can I put a fade effect into my code? Now it's kinda ugly, because
the images are loading slow (stuttering)
(1.) You can put a fade effect using CSS3 transition:
#t1 {
...
transition: 1s;
}
(2.) There is stuttering because the images are loaded at runtime. You could avoid that by pre-loading images:
One way could be like this:
var d = []; // create an array for holding dummy elements
for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
d[i] = $("<img>"); // create an img and add to the array
d[i].attr('src', x[i]).hide(); // add src to img and hide it
$("body").append(d[i]); // add the img to body to start load
}
Ideally wrap this code in the head so that this is done by the time DOM is ready. Put rest of your code either wrapped in body at the end or in .ready.
Edit:
Changed the preloading code to use img. Updated the fiddle.

The code is not complicated, in time you'll learn to write cleaner (good) code. Here is my suggestions:
1. move the x definition outside the click event, put it right after y and y should be 0 initially;
2. if(y == 2) is too static, beter take the length of the array if(y == x.length);
3. remove background-size from script, it's set in css;
4. For fade effect you can do something like this:
$('.t1').fadeOut(300, function() {
$(this).css('background', x[y]).fadeIn(300);
});
I haven't tested it, but should do the job.

Moving Background Image diagonally across the screen

I'm new here, so I can't comment/follow-up yet on another question that PARTIALLY provided an answer
for what I'm trying to achieve.
On this question here [Moving Background image in a loop from left to right the fantastic and very detailed answer by Jack Pattishall Jr lets me set the page background to scroll either vertically OR horizontally.
Is there any way to combine the directional code, so that the page background scrolls diagonally
(i.e. bottom left to top right)?
I've been "mutilating" Jack's code for days now, but can't figure out how to make the background scroll in 2 directions simultaneously. :-(

http://jsfiddle.net/f5WjJ/2/
updates the fiddle from Jack Pattishall Jr to update both x AND y parameters. Also set the repeat CSS to both x AND y as well.
$(function(){
var x = 0;
var y = 0;//here
setInterval(function(){
x+=1;
y-=1;//here
$('body').css('background-position', x + 'px ' + y + 'px');//here too
}, 10);
})
background-repeat: repeat;/*and also here*/

Starting from the example mentioned above, here are my changes:
html, body { height: 100%; width: 100%;}
body {
background-image: url('http://coloradoellie.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/25280-ginger-kitten-leaping-with-arms-outstretched-white-background.jpg?w=300&h=222');
background-repeat: repeat-x repeat-y; // this line could be removed entirely
}
$(function(){
var x = 0;
var y = 0;
setInterval(function(){
x+=1;
y-=1;
$('body').css('background-position', x + 'px ' + y + 'px');
}, 10);
})
Brief description of changes:
Add repeat-y to background-repeat or remove the line (we have replicated the default behavior)
Instantiate and initialize a y-position variable
Move additively on the x-axis and negatively on the y-axis to get the background to move in the desired direction
Edit the $('body') css to include the new non-static y-position
Thanks for the advice, Joseph Neathawk

Decrease image size automatically over a certain amount of time

I am looking for a script but I'm not sure what to look for.
I have a webpage that has the body tag with a background image.
body {
background: url(eye.gif)repeat;
background-size:91px 91px;
}
What I am hoping to achieve is when the page loads it shows the background image as 991px then slowly decrease by 10px over a set time until the original size of 91px.
I'm not sure if there is away to do this, or even another way that when the page is loaded it is zoomed in and then zooms out automatically over time.
Basically when the page is loaded you will see the image twice and then over time you will see more and more.
Can anyone point me in the right direction.

if you use background-size your using css3 and so you can use keyframes
no javascript needed.
#-webkit-keyframes bganimation{
0%{background-size:991px 991px;}
100%{background-size:91px 91px;}
}
body{
background: url(eye.gif)repeat;
background-size:91px 91px;
-webkit-animation:bganimation 20s linear; // 20s = 20 seconds
}
for more support you need to add the other specific prefixes (-moz,-ms..)

Here is a sample using JQuery:
http://jsfiddle.net/frUvf/16/
$(document).ready(function(){
$('body').animate({'background-size':'10000px'}, 50000);
})

Using vanilla JS:
var lowerBound = 250,
step = 10,
duration = 1000,
image = document.getElementById('image');
(function resizer () {
if (image.clientWidth > lowerBound) {
image.style.width = image.clientWidth - step + 'px';
var timer = setTimeout(resizer, duration);
} else {
clearTimeout(timer);
}
}());
Just change the lowerBound/step/duration variables to whatever you need them to be.
Fiddle

with jquery:
var body = $('body');
var zoom = 2;
var interval_zoom = 0.5;
var time_interval = 90000;
setInterval(function(){
body.css("zoom", zoom);
zoom = zoom - interval_zoom;
if(zoom<=1)
clearTimeout(this);
}, time_interval )
Zoom and interval must be calculated

You could use Javascript for the animation or could take a look at CSS3 Transformations: http://web.archive.org/web/20180414114433/http://www.pepe-juergens.de/2013/02/css3-transform/

JavaScript: Get window width minus scrollbar width

Ok, I thought this would be really simple, but it's turning out not to be. I think I'm just messing something up in my HTML/CSS, but here goes.
I have a basic page like so:
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link href='test2.css' rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
<script src="test2.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="scroll"></div>
</body>
</html>
test2.css
* {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
html, body {
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
}
#scroll {
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
overflow: scroll;
background-color: black;
}
test2.js
$(document).ready(function() {
// my resolution is 1440x900
alert('innerwidth should be 1425');
// all of these return 1440
alert('body innerwidth: ' + $('body').innerWidth());
alert('document width: ' + $(document).width());
alert('window width: ' + $(window).width());
alert('scroll div innerwidth: ' + $('#scroll').innerWidth());
alert('document.documentElement.clientWidth: ' + document.documentElement.clientWidth);
alert('document.documentElement.scrollWidth: ' + document.documentElement.scrollWidth);
});
So I've got one element on the page... a div that takes up the entire screen, or rather it should be taking up the entire screen minus the scrollbars. Now, I've been doing some snooping on how to grab the width and height of a page without the scrollbars, but unfortunately, none of them return the proper value... which makes me believe I'm missing the boat in my HTML or CSS.
I looked at the following:
jquery - how to get screen width without scrollbar?
how to get the browser window size without the scroll bars
So what I need is for a method to return the value of my viewable screen minus the respective scrollbar value... so for my width, my value should be 1425 because the scrollbar is 15 pixels wide. I thought that's what innerWidth's job was, but apparently I'm wrong?
Can anyone provide any insight? (I'm running Firefox 24.)
EDIT
To add some background, I've got a blank page. I will be adding elements one by one to this page, and I need to use the width of the page when calculating the sizes for these elements. Eventually, this page will grow and grow until the scrollbar appears, which is why I'm trying to force the scrollbar there from the start, but apparently, that still doesn't do anything.
EDIT2
Here's something even more interesting... if I do document.getElementById('scroll').clientWidth, I get the proper innerWidth, but if I do $('#scroll').width() or $('#scroll').innerWidth(), they both return the max resolution... sounds like a jQuery bug.

I got this somewhere and would give credit if I knew where, but this has been succesfull for me. I added the result as padding when setting the html overflow to hidden.
Problem is that the scrollbar is a feature of the browser and not the web page self. Measurement should be done dynamically. A measurement with a scrollbar and a measurement without a scrollbar will resolve into calculating the difference in width.
Found the source: http://www.fleegix.org/articles/2006/05/30/getting-the-scrollbar-width-in-pixels
scrollCompensate = function () {
var inner = document.createElement('p');
inner.style.width = "100%";
inner.style.height = "200px";
var outer = document.createElement('div');
outer.style.position = "absolute";
outer.style.top = "0px";
outer.style.left = "0px";
outer.style.visibility = "hidden";
outer.style.width = "200px";
outer.style.height = "150px";
outer.style.overflow = "hidden";
outer.appendChild(inner);
document.body.appendChild(outer);
var w1 = inner.offsetWidth;
outer.style.overflow = 'scroll';
var w2 = inner.offsetWidth;
if (w1 == w2) w2 = outer.clientWidth;
document.body.removeChild(outer);
return (w1 - w2);
}
var htmlpadding = scrollCompensate();

The correct answer is in this post marked as accepted:
CSS media queries and JavaScript window width do not match
This is the correct code:
function viewport() {
var e = window, a = 'inner';
if (!('innerWidth' in window )) {
a = 'client';
e = document.documentElement || document.body;
}
return { width : e[ a+'Width' ] , height : e[ a+'Height' ] };
}

Discovered a very hacky solution... by adding this before my alerts in test2.js, I get the proper width:
var p = $('body').append('<p style="height: 100%; width: 100%;"></p>');
alert(p.width());
$('body').remove('p');
And consequently, all of the alerts now have the proper width. I also don't even need overflow-y in the CSS if I do it this way. Curious why this solves it...
The real answer should be keeping the HTML and CSS as is, then using document.getElementById('scroll').clientWidth. Using clientWidth gets the viewable area minus the scrollbar width.

The correct width of the page is given by $(document).width().
Your problem is that you're using a scroll within the div (overflow: scroll).
Using $(document).width() the returned value is already discounting the visible width of the scroll, but how do you put a scroll within the div value returned is no longer the same.
As the width of the scroll is not standard and varies from system to system and browser to browser, it is difficult to solve.
I suggest you remove the scroll of the div and let the browser manage this by default in the body, then yes you have the correct width.